中考英语名词专项复习 9页

中考英语名词专题复习 名词分为：普通名词、专有名词和复合名词 专有名词：‎ ‎1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao ‎ ‎2.表示地名: 如: China USA England Beijing ‎3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：‎ ‎ Sunday Monday Tuesday January February ‎4.表示中外节日：‎ ‎ 国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day ‎ Women’s Day ‎ 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day Mother’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)‎ ‎5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: ‎ ‎ CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT ‎ NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP ‎ ‎1.drink---coffee, milk,tea…‎ ‎2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge, tofu,…‎ ‎3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…‎ ‎4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…‎ ‎5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass, plastic 可数名词单数一般可用a，an，one来修饰 注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*a book，* an English book，* an hour。‎ 名词的复数形式 规则变化 ‎ (1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”‎ ‎ dog – dogs book – books ‎ ‎ (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”‎ ‎ box – boxes watch – watches bus--buses ‎(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” ‎ ‎ country – countries factory – factories ‎ ‎ 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” ‎ ‎ boy – boys holiday-holidays monkey – monkeys ‎ ‎(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” ‎ ‎ half – halves shelf – shelves knife – knives leaf – leaves ‎ 特殊:belief---beliefs roof---roofs ‎(5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外 ‎ * piano – pianos * zoo – zoos ‎ radio-radios bamboo--bamboos ‎ ‎2.不规则变化 ‎ (1)单复数同形 fish–fish Japanese – Japanese Chinese-Chinese sheep–sheep ‎ ‎ (2)变元音字母oo为ee ‎ ‎ tooth – teeth foot – feet ‎ ‎(3).变man为 men ‎ ‎ man – men woman – women ‎ ‎ policeman – policemen ‎ ‎ Frenchman – Frenchmen ‎ ‎ 请区别：German(德国人) – Germans ‎ (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)‎ ‎(4).常以复数形式出现的名词 ‎ people clothes shoes trousers glasses ‎ ‎ 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 ‎ * My clothes are newer than yours.‎ ‎3.可数名词可以被a, an, one, two以及 how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, a lot of ， some等修饰 ‎*There are a few people in the park.‎ ‎*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?‎ ‎1.Several _____ are talking  under the tree．And they are talking about______. ‎ ‎ A．woman; children B．woman; child C．women; children ‎2. There are three in my family. ‎ ‎ A. people B. person C. child ‎3. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ‎ ‎4. In the picture there are many______ and two_______. ‎ ‎ A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife ‎ ‎5. There are four_______and two_______in the group. ‎ ‎ A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen ‎ C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans ‎★不可数名词 ‎ 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 ‎ ‎ work chalk time space music money weather homework ‎ wood information news medicine ‎1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 ‎ Some bread is over there. ‎ ‎ No news is good news.‎ ‎2.不可数名词不能被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any，plenty of 等修饰 ‎ They had much money.‎ ‎ He does little housework at home.‎ ‎ *a rice (X) two bread (X)‎ ‎3.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 ‎ glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) – a work(著作) time(时间) – times(次数)‎ 练习 ‎①. Please give me ______ paper. ‎ ‎ A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of ‎②. This table is made of_______. ‎ ‎ A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ‎③. —What can I do for you, sir?‎ ‎ —I'd like two_________.‎ ‎ A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks ‎④. We can do the work better with______money and ________ people.‎ A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few ‎ 当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。‎ e.g The class are waiting for her. ‎ Tom’s family _____ rather big. Tom’s family _________ film fans.‎ ‎ news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。‎ ‎ e.g The news makes her very happy.‎ ‎ Maths ___ not easy for him.‎ 名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”‎ 一.名词所有格的构成方法 ‎ 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”‎ ‎ Kangkang’s father Lucy’s book ‎ 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可 ‎ Teachers’ office The Greens’ house ‎3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s” ‎ ‎ * Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes ‎ 4.无生命名词的所有关系用of *a picture of the classroom 加名词，构成所属关系的短语 ‎ *the color of the wall ‎ ‎ 5. 双重所有格, of+名词性物主代词/名词后加” ’s”，A photo of Mary’s June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.‎ ‎ A. Children B. Childrens’ C. Children’s D. Child The two bedroom are the ____.‎ ‎ A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins ‎6.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s; 如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在 2个名词后都加-’s ‎. Lucy is ____ sister.‎ ‎ A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s ‎.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加 -‘s 构成所有格 ‎ It’s ____from our school to my home.‎ A. ten minutes’ walk B. ten minute’s walk C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk ‎1 广东的省会the capital of Guangdong ‎2 教室的门the doors of the classroom ‎3 我父亲的一个朋友a friend of my father’s ‎ ‎4 他的两个兄弟two brothers of his ‎5 爱迪生的一些发明some inventions of Edison’s ‎ ‎6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟) a picture of his brother’s ‎7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟) a picture of his brother ‎ 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 ‎ * There are three banana trees over there.‎ ‎ 2. man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 ‎ *We need a man teacher.‎ ‎ *They are all women workers.‎ ‎ 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 ‎ *a sports star *a clothes shop 练习 Our hospital needs two___doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try.‎ ‎ A. women B. man C.woman D. men Our hospital needs two___doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try.‎ ‎ A. women B. man C.woman D. men 名词所有格的几个注意点 ‎ 可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 ‎ * my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）‎ ‎ * go to the teachers’ ( office） (去老师办公室）‎ ‎ Go to the doctor’s 练习题 ‎1、—Is it true that some colors can make us feel relaxed?‎ ‎—Yes.Colors do have the ______ to change our feelings and moods.‎ A．secret  B．power  C．idea  D．experience ‎2、In western countries, ________ are thrown away each day.‎ ‎  A. mountains of rubbish   B. mountains of rubbishes C. a lot of rubbish   D. a lot of rubbishes ‎3、 –How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?        -- _________.‎ A. In five day’s time         B. In five days’ time C. In five days time    D. For five days ‎4、 Do you have any ________and ________for lunch?‎ ‎     A. chicken; tomatoes   B. chicken; tomato C. chickens; tomatoes   D. chickens; tomato ‎5、What ________ will global warming (全球变暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list.‎ ‎  A．news     B．dangers      C．courses          D．advantages ‎6、—You won first prize in the physics competition.‎ ‎— Are you kidding? I made several terrible ______．‎ A. mistake               B. mistakes C. problem               D. problems ‎7、—The first World Internet Conference was held in Wuzhen, Zhejiang last November.‎ ‎—Yes.It is the largest and the highest __of Internet conference which was held in our country.‎ A．power  B．knowledge  C．energy  D．level ‎ ‎8、—Why are you so late today?‎ ‎—Because the ______ was so heavy.I spent about two hours driving here.‎ A．traffic  B．road  C．situation ‎9、 Ted was facing a difficult ______between staying with his family and working abroad.‎ A．choose  B．chose  C．choice  D．chosen ‎10、—What would you like to say to your ________ before leaving school?‎ ‎—I’d like to say “Thank you very much! I’ve learnt a lot from you in the past three years.”‎ ‎    A. teachers B. workers C. doctors   D. engineers ‎11、---Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don’t know how to use it.‎ ‎       ---Why not read the _______first before using it? ‎ A. expressions   B. contributions  C. advertisements  D. instructions ‎12、China's hot words，like Duang，tuhao，are         of the times．They have become known abroad．‎ A．contributions    B．examples C．products          D．achievements ‎13、Nowadays some_______made in China are both good and cheap, such as Xiaomi mobile phones, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers. ‎ A. tools B. products    C. materials    D. instruments ‎14、–Could you give me a few ______ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?‎ ‎  --OK. Let me see.‎ A. hobbies  B. knowledge  C. suggestions  D. information ‎15、----May I take your order?‎ ‎----I would like _______.‎ A. two large bowls of soup     B. two large bowl of soup ‎ C .two large bowls soup        D. two large bowls of soups ‎16、We believe One Belt，One Road will help China improve the _____ with lots of countries．‎ A．population      B．situation     C．environment   D．relationship ‎17、﹣Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera．‎ ‎﹣That's true．It's an important part of Chinese____________．‎ A．culture    B．invention C．custom ‎18、I don't know how to deal with my family problem. Can you give me some_______?‎ A. messages        B. instructions     C. advice           D. information ‎19、--I wonder if you've made a decision on the project, Eric. ‎ ‎--Not yet. I can't make it until I have first-hand       on prices. ‎ A. news                B. knowledge                C. information      D. education ‎ ‎20、 _____about Japan earthquake keep everyone in deep sorrow.(悲痛)‎ A. News                    B. Information            C. Advice                   D. Messages ‎21、It’s said that more than 100 _________ will attend this meeting in Shanghai.‎ A．man teachers         B．woman teachers C．men teachers        D．womans teachers ‎22、Do you know Mr. Bake? He is _____________teacher．‎ A．Jenny and Danny                           B．Jenny and Danny' s C．Jenny' s and Danny' s                        D．Jenny or Danny' s ‎23、I don’t think _______ should be allowed to drive．‎ A．fourteen – years – olds                    B．fourteen years – olds C．fourteen – year—olds                     D．fourteen – years olds ‎24、—Can I help you?‎ ‎—I’d like ____________ for my twin daughters.‎ A．two pair of shoes     B．two pairs of shoe C．two pair of shoe         D．two pairs of ‎ shoes ‎25、Wang Ning likes talking with people, writing stories and working for a TV station, maybe he will be _____________ when he grows up..‎ A．an actor               B．a policeman      C．a doctor                D．a reporter ‎26、—The land in the southwest of China is in great need of        ．‎ ‎—Yes ,it hasn’t rained for a long time there．‎ A．milk         B．tea            C．coffee              D．water ‎27、She always gets the highest marks in the exam．She is one of __________ in her class．‎ A．best students      B．the top students C．the best student      D．top student ‎28、I have realized the _________ of learning English．I must work bard．‎ A．secret          B．experience             C．importance           D．important ‎29、You have a _____．You should stop eating anything．‎ A．headache         B．backache         C．stomachache         D．fever ‎30、We have three _______ jobs for you． And they are _______ interesting．‎ A．kinds of; kinds of                               B． kind of; kinds of C．kind of; kind of                                   D． kinds of; kind of ‎31、Sam eats too much ________. He doesn’t eat any _______.‎ A. chickens; tomato                  B. tomato; chicken C. chicken; tomatoes                 D. tomatoes; chicken ‎32、He can play        . And he can play          , too.‎ A．basketball … the piano           B．a basketball… a guitar C．the basketball… piano            D．basketball… guitar ‎33、All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.‎ A. man                         B. men                         C. woman                    D. women ‎34、Mrs. Bond is an old friend of          .‎ A．Jack mother     B．Jack mother’s C．Jack’s mother  D．Jack’s mother’s ‎35、—Where are the two                   ?‎ ‎—They are talking in the office．‎ A．woman writers         B．women writer C．woman's writer       D．women writers ‎36、Come on，children．Help yourselves to some              if you like．‎ A．fish and chicken    B．fishes and chicken C．fish and chickens   D．fishes and chickens ‎37、As a student, working hard is your ________.‎ A. response                B. responsible             C. responsibility    D. responsibly ‎38、Mr .Smith always has _____ to tell us. ‎ A. some good pieces of news          B. some pieces of good news ‎ C. some good piece of newes          D. some piece of good newes ‎39、It would be __ good____ for me to achieve my dream.‎ A. an; experience     B./; experiences        C. a; experience  D./; experience ‎40、I have three pen pals. One is        , the other two are           ‎ A. Japanese, America            B. Russian, Germany C. Canada. Australia                D. English, Frenchmen 1、 There were a lot of _____________at the party. 有许多人参加聚会 2、 At least ten___________were killed in the traffic accident. 至少有10人在这次交通事故中丧生。‎ 3、 The book is about the history of the_____________of China.这是一本关于中国各民族的历史的书。‎ 4、 Hundreds of ___________were trying to control the violence.数以百计的警察在奋力控制暴力行为。‎ 5、 Kevin’s _________lives in an apartment building near the Lover River. 凯文家住在爱河河畔的公寓大楼。‎ 1、 There are about fifty ______________in the building.‎ 2、 Peter usually orders_______________, a vegetable soup and a cup of coffee for lunch.彼得经常点一份鱼、一份蔬菜汤和一杯咖啡当午餐。‎ 3、 ‎____________ is my favourite food, but my brother refuses___________all the time.鱼肉是我最喜爱的食物，可是我弟弟绝不吃鱼肉。‎ 4、 You can find two__________by Lu Xun in that bookstore.在那家书店你能找到两部鲁迅的作品。‎ ‎10、There is a chemical _____________near the village.那个村庄附近有一家化工厂。‎ ‎11、There are three __________ of milk on the table. 桌子上有3瓶牛奶。‎ ‎12、It is made of ___________那是由玻璃制成的。‎ ‎13、She was so angry that she broke two glasses yesterday.她非常生气，昨天打碎了两个玻璃杯。‎ ‎14、Little Tom is being schooled at the ______________(名词所有格)小汤姆正在老师的办公室·‎ ‎15、The ________________________will fall in autumn.(名词所有格)在秋天，大部分的树叶都会掉落。‎ ‎16.——Mom, could you pass me some__________? It’s delicious.‎ ‎ ______OK, but only a little.‎ A、butter B、apples C、tomatoes D、sandwiches ‎17、All the_______________teachers and the _______students there are playing basketball on the playground.‎ A、men; boys B、men; boy C、man; boy D、man; boys ‎18、——Miss Li, could you give me________on English learning?‎ ‎______Certainly, First you should speak English every day.‎ A、any advices B、many advices C、some advice ‎19、——Can I help you, sir?‎ ‎——I’d like to have 100______, I want my students to draw pictures.‎ A、piece of paper B、pieces of paper C、pieces of papers D、pieces of papers ‎20、________mothers can’t come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian.‎ A、Sally’s and Jane B、Sally and Jane’s C、Sally and Jane D、Sally’s and Jane’s ‎21、______are going to come to my home tonight when they are free.‎ A、My brother two friends B、My brother of two friends C、Two my brother’s friend D、Two friends of my brother’s ‎22、The doctor told me to eat more______because it’s good for my health.‎ A、oranges B、vegetables C、ice cream D、fish ‎23、——Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old. Is that true?‎ ‎_____Oh, it’s a ________.‎ A、suggestion B、secret C、reason D、problem ‎24、At the foot of hill you could hear nothing but the _______of the running water.‎ A、shout B、noise C、voice D、sound