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第4课时 数 词
1. 近几年中考对数词的考查主要是对基数词和序数词的构成及其用法上。日期、时间和分数也是中考考查的考点。题型将以选择题、词汇运用和完形填空为主。
2. 数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行,如主谓一致等。
3. 预计2016对数词的考查重点仍然是基数词确数和概数的区分以及序数词拼写和应用。
一、 数词概述
表示数目多少或是顺序先后的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
二、 基数词
表示数目多少的词是基数词。
1. 最基本的数词:
1~20:one;two;three;four;five;six;seven;eight;nine;ten;eleven;twelve;thirteen;fourteen;fifteen;sixteen;seventeen;eighteen;nineteen;twenty;30 thirty;40 forty;50 fifty;60 sixty;70 seventy;80 eighty;90 ninety;100 a hundred;1000 a thousand;1000000 a million;1000000000 a billion
2. 基数词1~12是独立单词,所以我们必须逐个记忆。基数词13~19是个位数词的词干后加teen构成。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen变化不规则。基数词20~90是在十位数词后面加ty构成。基数词21~99是在十位数词后面加个位数词合成,中间加上连字符号“-”。如:
21 twenty-one;83 eighty-three
3. 基数词101~999,先说“几百”,再加and,再加末尾两位数或末位数,基数词三位以上的数词,在百位与十位之间,一般要加连词“and”。
4. 英语中没有“万”和“亿”,万也用thousand来表示,亿也用million来表示,按十进位来推算。如:
10000 ten thousand 100000000 a hundred million
67876 sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
5. 在dozen,score,hundred,million,billion前如果有具体数字,它们不能加“s”;反之则须加“s”表示不确切的数量。如:two hundred people;thousands of people。
三、 基数词的用法
1. 编号的事物用基数词
Number 1 第1号 Page 11 第11页
Lesson 28 第28课 Room 123 第123号房间
案例 ①(2015· 四川宜宾·1分)In this test,we’re asked to write a passage of about .
A. 80-words B. 80-word
C. 80 words D. 80 words’
【解析】本题考查数词作定语的用法。根据所给选项判断,80个单词是数词作定语,修饰复数名词。
【答案】 C
②(2013·广东·29·1分)—Excuse me,sir. Here’s a package for Lin Tao. Which room does he live in?
— .
A. 308 Room B. Room 308
C. The Room 308 D. The 308 Room
【解析】 本题考查数词的用法。在表示编号的事物前用基数词,名词的首字母要大写,因此这里用Room 308来表示。
【答案】 B
2. 年、月、日的表达顺序通常是月、日、年,也可以是日、月、年,其中年份用基数词,日期用序数词。如:
1988年6月24日:June 24th,1988或24th June,1988
3. 时刻的表达用基数词。如:
It’s six o’clock. 现在是六点钟。
4. 表示倍数用基数词。如:
Two times two is four. 二乘以二等于四。
5. 加减乘除的数字用基数词。如:
One plus one is two. 一加一等于二。
6. 百分数用基数词表示,百分号%读作percent。如:
20%读作twenty percent
7. 分数的表达,分子须用基数词,分母用序数词,分子如果大于一,分母须用复数形式。整数与分数之间须用and连接。如:
Two thirds of the students are boys in our class.
我们班三分之二是男生。
五又四分之三 读作 five and three fourths
案例 (2015·四川宜宾·1分)David Beckham has children. Brooklyn Beckham is his son.
A. third;first B. three;one
C. three;first D. third;one
【解析】本题考查数词的用法。根据所给选项判断,名词之前应该用基数词作定语;后一个空应该用序数词作名词son的定语,因为该句要说明的是3个孩子中Beckham是他的第一个儿子。
【答案】 C
8. 小数用基数表示,小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示,小数点写作point,小数点后的数字应将数字直接表示出来。如:
1.23读作one point two three
9. 基数词在句子中主要作定语、主语、宾语或介词宾语、表语等。
I have two books. 我有两本书。(定语)
Two of the girls are from Beijing.
姑娘中有两个来自北京。(主语)
I want two. 我要两个。(宾语)
He is four. 他四岁。(表语)
10. 数词+名词(+形容词)作定语,名词用单数形式。如:a 35-year-old lady一位35岁的女士
11. 两组与数词有关的介词短语:
(1)in+定冠词+数词的复数形式,表示年代。如:
in the 1970s或 1970’s 20世纪70年代
(2)in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄。如:
in one’s twenties二十几岁
有时在物主代词的后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切些。如:
The young lady is at most at her early thirties.那位年轻女士最多三十出头。
案例 (2015·福建福州·1分)In his ,Wilson returned to his hometown and began to teach.
A. thirty B. thirties
C. thirtieth
【解析】本题考查基数词的用法。in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄,所以这里用in his thirties来表示“在他三十多岁时”。
【答案】 B
四、 序数词用法
1. 表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。
first 第一;second 第二;third 第三;fourth 第四;fifth 第五;sixth 第六;seventh 第七;eighth 第八;ninth 第九;tenth 第十;eleventh 第十一;twelfth 第十二;thirteenth 第十三;nineteenth 第十九;twentieth 第二十;thirtieth 第三十;fortieth 第四十;fifty-first 第五十一;sixty-second 第六十二;eighty-third 第八十三;ninety-fourth 第九十四
2. 序数词1~19除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九,第十二变化不规则外,其余均在基数词后面加上th。
3. 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是将十位整数基数词的词尾y变成i再加eth。
4. 几十几的序数词,只是把个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。
5. 序数词主要用作定语,表语。前面要加定冠词the。如:
We live on the fourth floor. 我们住四楼。
Who was the third?谁是第三名?
五、 基数词变序数词助记歌
基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;一,二,三特殊记,八加h,九去e,ve要用f替;以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。特殊:one—first,two—second,three—third,five—fifth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth,forty—fortieth,eighty-nine—eighty-ninth
复习分数表示法时,应记住:
分子基数分母序,二者单复要一致,如果遇到假分数,and将其连一起。
案例 ①(2015·山东聊城·1)Christmas Day is on of December.
A. twenty-five B. the twenty-five
C. twenty-fifth D. the twenty-fifth
【解析】本题考查数词的用法。表示日期应该用序数词。
【答案】 D
②(2015·贵州黔西南·15·1分)—Which is the biggest number of the four?
— .
A. One third B. Two thirds
C. A half D. A quarter
【解析】本题考查分数的用法。疑问句是询问四个选项中最大数字。A项三分之一;B项三分之二;C项二分之一;C项四分之一。
【答案】 B
六、 数词的读法
从后往前数,每隔三位加一逗号;第一个三位前读thousand,第二个三位前读million,第三个三位前读billion。
年代的读法是两位数的读法。
七、 确数和概数(略数)的表达法
数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数;
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数。如:
We can see millions of stars at night.
夜晚我们看见无数颗星星。
There are two hundred students in our grade.
我们年级有两百个学生。
案例 (2015·山东东营·24)When he arrived at the airport,Lee Minho found that fans were waiting for him there.
A. hundred B. hundreds
C. hundred of D. hundreds of
【解析】考查数词固定搭配的用法。数词hundred与介词of连用时,必须用复数形式。
【答案】 D
八、 与冠词的关系
1. 序数词前要加定冠词the,但是基数词前不加冠词。如:
It’s the first time that I came here.
这是我第一次来这儿。
2. a/an+序数词,表示“又一,再一”。如:
I’m still hungry. Could I have a second cake?我还是很饿,我可以再吃块蛋糕吗?
3. of the+基数词,表示“范围”。如:
Tom is the tallest of the three.
汤姆是这三个人当中最高的。
案例 (2015·山东莱芜 ·62)Brazil will hold the (twenty) FIFA World Cup on June 12th,2015.
【解析】本题考查序数词的用法。由句中的定冠词the判断,此处应该用序数词。
【答案】 twentieth
例1 序数词的使用。
(2015·天津·1分) month of the year is May.
A. Two B. The second
C. Five D. The fifth
【解析】本题考查数词的用法。根据句意判断,一年中的第5个月份是May,应该用基数词数词来表示。
【答案】 D
例2 基数词的使用。
(2015·江苏模拟·1分)We don’t have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least are needed.
A. ten another nurses B. more ten nurses
C. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses
【解析】本题考查基数词的用法。考查固定搭配。“数词+more+可数名词复数”和“another+数词+可数名词复数”都表示“另外……个”。
【答案】 D
例3 基数词和序数词的区别。
(2015·江苏泰州·12)About of the earth covered with water,but we have less and less available fresh water.
A. three-fourth;is B. three-fourths;is
C. three-fourth;are D. three-fourths;are
【解析】本题考查数词的用法。因为表示“四分之三”用three-fourths来表示;分子用基数词,分母用序数词。又因为主语earth是单数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式;因此用is做谓语。
【答案】 B
例4 确数和概数的区分。
(2015·江苏模拟·1分)Every year people in the USA lose their jobs.
A. many millions B. millions of
C. millions D. two millions
【解析】本题考查数词的用法。句意:每年美国数百万人失业。million前面有具体数字,不能加s,所以排除D;当million修饰名词时,后面需加of,millions of“数百万的”,因此排除A、C两项。
【答案】 B
一、 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2015·江苏扬州·55·1分)Two (five) of the students have read the bookAlice in Wonderland.
2. (2015·江苏徐州·49·1分)Jane would like to live on the (three) floor.
3. (2015·江苏盐城·64·1分)Wang Yaping,China’s (two) woman astronaut,gave us students a lesson about space science last year.
4. (2013· 江苏南京· 55· 1分)The Eiffel Tower,a cultural icon of France,was completed at the end of the (nineteen) century.
5. (2013·江苏盐城·61·1分)World Environment Day is on the (five) of June.
6. (2013·贵州毕节·62·1分)This is Tom’s (第四) time to Beijing.
7. (2013· 江苏泰州· 8·1分)We organized a lot of activities to celebrate our school’s (fifty) birthday last month.
8. (2013·甘肃白银·23·1分)I need to go to the library,and if I post the letter on the way,I’ll be killing two birds with (first) stone.
9. (2013·江苏常州·46·1分)—Excuse me,how far is the museum?
—Only (三) stops away.
10. (2013·江苏连云港·46·1分)It’s said the game Angry Birds has been downloaded (百万) of times.
二、 单项选择
1. (2015·山东济南·42)This is Tony’s visit to Jinan. He has been here once before.
A. first B. second C. two D. one
2. (2015· 湖北鄂州·28)—Have you seen the CCTV news on TV?
—Yes, children had a good festival on the children’s Day.
A. millions of;sixty B. ten million;sixty
C. millions of;sixtieth D. ten millions;sixtieth
3. (2015·广东·29)It’s never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his .
A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth C. fifty D. fifties
4. —Good news!We will have a holiday.
—I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in .
A. three days;three days time
B. three days’;three days’
C. three-day;three days
D. three days;three day time
5. Wang Yaping will become China’s woman astronaut into space after Liu Yang.
A. two B. second C. the second
6. Each of us has to write a report every two weeks.
A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word
C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words
7. To many foreigners,Guangzhou has become their hometown.
A. two B. second C. the second
8. The boy stayed in the library for every day.
A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour
C. one hour and a half hour D. one hour and a half
9. My uncle bought me an iPhone for my birthday.
A. twelve B. twelfth
C. the twelve D. the twelfth
10. —Hurry up. There isn’t much time left.
—Don’t worry. I need minutes to finish the work.
A. twelve another B. another twelve
C. more twelve D. other twelve
11. —How was your weekend?
—Great!It was my grandfather’s birthday. We enjoyed ourselves.
A. seventy B. seventieth
C. the seventieth D. seventeenth
12. of our classmates are good at basketball.
A. Three quarters B. Three fourth
C. Third four D. A third
13. On February 25,2013,Li An,a Chinese director,won the best director again. It is his time to win an “Oscar”.
A. first B. three C. twice D. second
答案
第4课时 数 词
一、 1. fifths 2. third 3. second 4. nineteenth/19th
5. fifth 6. fourth 7. fiftieth 8. one 9. three
10. millions
二、 1~5 B C D C B 6~10 A B D B B
11~13 B A D