- 555.50 KB
- 2021-05-10 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
中考英语复习指导
综观历年来的全国各地的中考英语试题,其特点是突出听力、注重双基、加大阅读理解、增强词汇和实际运用能力。考查的知识点覆盖面广,且体现学科渗透精神,试题难中易比例恰当。命题的基本思路和指导思想都体现了新教材的精神,符合《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》规定的教学目标。
中考复习时间紧,任务重,而复习是教学过程的重要环节之一。教育家第斯多惠说过“必须时常回到所学会的东西上去加以复习,牢固地记住某些已学会的东西,这比学某些新的东西而忘掉以前所学的东西更为重要”。因此,学生在英语复习过程中务必有一条清晰的思路,通过复习,对已学会的知识进一步巩固、深化,对未学会的知识查漏补缺,使之学会。要达到这一目的,须“战略”部署明确、“战术”运用恰当,即要做到复习过程中整体设计科学、分步实施恰当、训练手段多样、复习时间分配合理,只有这样才能打有把握之仗。
一 紧扣教材,循序渐进
教材是中考命题的基础和重要依据,教材是“源头”。在复习过程中要紧紧依据课本,复习教材要充分体现以下四性:“目的性、针对性、系统性、透彻性”。(1)目的性,即做到复习什么心中有数,这是前提。所以教师首先应在深入钻研大纲和教材的基础上,确定明确的复习目的。(2)针对性,这是关键,复习前教师要研究学生,找出薄弱环节,引导学生事先预先,明确目的要求,做到有的放矢,重点突出,有针对性地复习。(3)系统性,复习过程是帮助学生将所学的知识系统化的综合制作过程,通过复习,将学会的知识分析、综合、概括、抽象,上升到理论认识,形成一个完整的系统。所以复习应讲究系统性。教师在指导学生复习教材时,要全面,包括句型、课文、词汇、语法等等,对相关知识点要广泛的联系,以care为例,可以复习care的形容词careful、副词carefully、及其比较级more careful/carefully。 最高级most careful/carefully复习被动语态时,应与各种时态紧密结合,全面掌握。(4)透彻性,“透”要贯穿在复习教材的始终,教师对教学大纲、教材要吃透,弄清各个知识的重点、难点,弄清重点知识的内涵和外延。对“四会”要求的知识点要深入充分掌握,不能“蜻蜓点水式”复习,使学生真正掌握基础知识,弄清知识之间的相互区别,进行系统有序的总结归纳,使之成为知识网,把知识转化为能力,因为能力是素质教育的核心。
二 研究题型,有的放矢
中考命题原则,遵循教学大纲和教材,注重基础,注重对学生的听说、读、写能力的全面考查。因此,中考题型呈现多样性,考查知识点面广,量大,且体现学科渗透、教育改革和素质教育的精神,通过多种途径检测学生所掌握的知识和能力。其主要题型有口试和笔试两部分。口试,即口语测试;笔试部分的题型有听力、单项选择、完型填空、阅读理解、词汇、短文填空、句子翻译、英语写作等。教师要充分对各个题型进行研究,从中找出解题的思路和规律,推测命题动向。同时,可开设专题讲座,辅之与其题型相适合的习题进行专题练习,通过讲练相结合的方法,简明扼要地抓住重点知识点,做到有的放矢,把握住应考的主动权。
三 注重交际,突出重点
听说训练是英语学习的先决条件,中考命题思路和中考题型已充分体现。听说水平的高低在一定程度上反映了一个学生的英语整体水平。但不少学生在听力方面是一个薄弱环节,因此,在日常教学过程中必须加强学生的听力训练,让学生多听英美人的读音,以此来增强语感,提高听力水平。目前,常见的听力题型有:1、单句理解 2、对话理解 3、短文理解,针对这些题型需有目的地加强训练。可以每个星期安排一节听力测试课,采用循序渐进的方法。每次测试后要及时反馈评讲,有目的、有针对性地解决学生在听力训练中存在的问题,并且要注重听力技巧的传授和指导。
英语教材的特色是交际用语多,课本中有相当多的情景对话,涉及购物、看病、就餐、问路、打电话、借东西、谈天气和其他情景。教师要根据这些不同的语言情景,创造氛围,指导学生进行交际对话,锻炼交际口语会话能力,使学生把学到的知识语言点和实际结合起来,真正把英语学活,学以致用,并使之成为一种习惯。
四 精选内容,加强阅读
阅读理解是中考英语试题的重头戏,占分比重大,是考查学生综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技巧来理解英语书面材料的能力。学生能否在中考中取得好成绩,阅读理解具有举足轻重的作用,因此务必在平时拓宽视野,加强阅读,掌握阅读理解的思路。在日常练习中指导并教授学生运用多种方法,广泛阅读各种题材的材料,做到熟能生巧。同时,在材料的难度、广度和深度上进一步加以拓宽,可涉及历史、地理、科普、天文、人文趣事等各方面,难度应与中考相当;同时适当选择部分趣味性强的文章加以拓宽,提高学生的阅读兴趣和技巧。可精选《初中生英语园地》、《英语周报》、《学英语》等报刊杂志上的材料,供学生阅读。另外可向学生推荐一些适合他们口味的英语原著,鼓励他们多读多看,从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
五 精讲精练,归纳总结
精讲是针对课本中出现的重点、难点和学生提出的问题进行归纳总结,突出重点,分解难点,讲知识结构系统,讲关键,讲规律,讲思路,讲技巧,讲方法。用较少的时间覆盖尽可能多的知识,由“点”到“面”,纵横交错,大幅度进行串联,把孤立的、零散的知识有机联系起来。通过分析、归纳、综合等多种方法,使学生真正掌握知识的体系和内在联系,从而提高英语应用能力。
精讲是前提,而精练才是关键。在吃透教材和认真听取教师所讲知识点的内在联系的基础上,要选好具有典型性,针对性,实用性和科学性的练习题加以巩固。练习方式应多样化,训练手段不能单一化,更不能搞“题海战术”。在精讲基础上,要充分调动学生的多种感官作用,培养听、说、读、写能力,抓住重点,多角度,多形式,多手段地去精练,真正做到练习有质量,体现出以质为本、以人为本的原则,使学生感到“学而复习之,不也乐乎?”
对精讲和精练中出现的问题,要善于归纳总结,从中发现问题的异同,归纳出普遍性,从而真正解决学生存在的问题,以求从认识—练习—再认识—再练习的反复过程中真正使学生熟练掌握知识,从而使学生的英语实际运用能力得到更大的进步。
六 科学分析,合理安排
科学分析,合理安排中考复习时间十分重要。整个英语复习时间安排,可分为四个阶段,第一阶段从三月上旬到三月底,以口语训练为主,同时加强听力训练。这样一方面应付口语测试,另一方面也加强了基础知识的复习。第二阶段,从三月底到四月底,以全面掌握教材为基础,以注重双基为核心,以单元课时为顺序,以知识点之间的内在联系及应用为突破点,进行系统,全面的归纳、总结、复习。这阶段采取单元过关检测方式,打好扎实基础。第三阶段四月底到五月中旬,以练为主,讲练结合。在注重基础知识的同时,加强听、说、读、写以及其他技能的培养。第四阶段从五月中旬到六月中旬,以立足考试大纲,课本为重点,以提高学生对英语的应用能力为根本目的,好兵是练出来的,熟练地掌握知识也需要反复练习,故在进行针对性地训练,开展综合专题练习时,应认真纠正学生复习过程中存在的不足和错误,集中强化训练。这一阶段的习题训练要多样化,抓住重点知识,学生易混的知识点,多角度、多形式地去设计习题。同时进行中考模拟训练,加强考前的英语辅导,特别是加强中考心理和技能的辅导,使学生增强对中考英语的自信心。确保学生以最佳的精神状态来迎接中考。
总而言之,要想在中考中取得理想的英语成绩,就必须有自信心和恒心;必须有扎实的基础知识和灵活多变的解题方法;必须搞好合理、科学、全面的英语总复习。同时,在整个英语复习中还应遵循一条原则:摆正师生关系,做到以教师为主导,以学生为主体;以教学大纲为基础,以应用为目的。在归纳、检查、分析、对比、讨论、总结中因势利导,因材施教,从而达到提高学生自学能力,提高复习效果的目的,在中考中取得优异的成绩!
专家支招:中考英语备考复习技巧
一、短文写作
围绕中心来写,按照要求来写。审题清晰,言简意赅,不要用自己不会或不熟的词句,大词2-3个即可。扩展要点丰富要点,将句子补充完整。注意文章的完整性和准确性,最好分段写。情景交际确定答题范围后,尤其要注意书写的形式,答案一般不会很复杂,所以不要把简单问题复杂化。复习不要死记硬背,但具有交际功能的典型句型一定要多积累。
提醒:注意看教材前目录和教材后补充材料(框架)。通读口语考试阅读材料(必备)。花两个早上通读一遍英语900句6册(选备)。适当多做些类似题目(10套)。阅读理解
四大类型:细节认定、词汇指代、逻辑推理、主旨大意。
细节题解题步骤
1.寻找细节:先把文章浏览一遍,后按试题排列顺序来寻找细节,并借助题干部分关键性的词语。
2.正确答题:细节类试题角度灵活多变,题项干扰成分有时较隐蔽,应弄清题意,带目的阅读细节,寻找正确答案。词义猜测技巧
根据构词法猜测词义,利用表示下定义的句子、重述法猜测词义,利用反义词、近义词线索猜测词义,利用上下文猜测生词,还可根据经验、常识判断生词意思以及词与词之间的相互联系、信息之间的相关性、事物发展因果和先后的必然逻辑联系等。另外,还可利用句子的举例猜测词义。逻辑推理技巧
1.选择答案时先排除作者或题目说明的项目,要从字里行间领会作者的用意,读出文章的潜台词。
2.以全文主旨为统领,把握主题与事实的联系,挖掘出作者的真正意图,得出合乎文章逻辑的推理。
3.分析细节,注意词汇本义和课本所给词义外含义,利用关键词和带有感情色彩的词,注重字里行间的言外之意。
4.了解文章体裁、题材和写作风格,为推断奠定基础。
5.推断须有理有据,不能把自己的观点强加给作者。主旨大意考查特点
可直接以理解段落及文章主旨大意形式出现,也可以用选择文章标题形式出现。因此,先弄清文章主旨大意,再定标题。
选择文章标题要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面、针对性、醒目性。一般说来,拟定标题是以话题为核心,与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。
提醒:可以跳读;含糊题目一定不要设特定范围,限制思维;文章难度大时先看题干,带问题细读文章;文章简单时速读文章,细读题目;遵循由整体到细节再到整体的阅读原则。看图写句
4题中以考查学生的复合句掌握为主,重点考查初中典型句子结构。如状语从句,定语从句,被动语态以及一个比较普通的简单句(但会涉及到时态动词)等。答题时需注意名词单复数、动词时态、比较等级等书写规范,尤其是初一初二掌握得不太好的同学,重点复习初二初三部分的典型句型。单项选择
在语境中考查学生对词汇知识、语法知识和交际用语的掌握情况。要仔细阅读试题,并根据句子前后的语意和逻辑关系才能做出正确选择。
复习时主要看每单元的section A部分。语法复习侧重以复习名词、情态动词、形容词、时态、语态、句型、非谓语、比较等级、语序、定语从句等为主。听力部分
考点:名词、数字、时间、地点、肯定中的否定信息、归属、字词的拼写等。要抓住问题设置的关键词和疑问词以及提问涉及到的人物角色等。
材料范围都取自课本,以初一初二为主,所以第一轮复习要注意功能话题的复习,侧重话题功能所设计到的单词、短语和句型。
二、听力
复习方法:心理素质对听力测试成绩影响很大,而好的心理素质与平时的训练是分不开的。因此近段时间要多听一些语速比较快的英语磁带,多种磁带交替播放,让自己的耳朵能适应各种语音和语调。做听力时给自己制造点干扰,在比较杂吵的环境中锻炼听力。记住该记的单词,词汇量是提高英语听力的前提。
应考技巧:听力开始之前先快速阅读题目及选项。既可以让自己尽快地镇静下来,也可以捕获有关信息,以便在答题时有的放矢,很快找到答案。听的过程中有些题目应记些关键词(比如数字、问题等)帮助理解重要的细节。万一出现听不懂的题目,不要停留,要尽快进入下一道题。听力结束后最好不要再去改原来的答案。
三、完型填空
复习方法:完型填空是对学生词汇、语法、篇章理解等语言知识运用和技能综合能力的测试,这是学生最害怕,也是失分率最高的题目。要注意平时的积累和习惯的培养,做题时每一篇文章都要看懂,不能稀里糊涂地做,宁可少做也要做好,保证准确率。中考的完型填空在理解上一般不会有太大的问题,不能浮躁,要相信自己。
应考技巧:做题时,第一遍,不看选项,通读全文(要注意文章的整体性、逻辑性,否则会影响阅读的速度和对篇章的理解),同时在空格上写下自己的答案(如果这一答案与所给的四个选项中一个吻合,一般这个选项基本正确)。第二遍,边看文章边看选项,选出答案。第三遍,检查、核对。
四、书面表达
复习方法:近段时间要背各种类型的范文,以便有些好词好句在写作时可以脱口而出,让文章更精彩。英语作文功底不好的考生要在老师的指导下学习各类文章的写作格式和技巧,主动让老师批改,这样经常犯的语法错误就会在考试中避免,同时也能熟练运用词汇。
应考技巧:考试时要注意审题,用所给的提示词认真构思,初步酝酿文章,确定时态,开好头,这样可以保证文章的流畅和卷面的整洁。如果写作有困难的同学,只能把所给的提示词连接起来(考前要多练习,学习连接的技巧)也可以得基本分。写完后要仔细检查,特别是平时经常犯的语法、句式错误,尽量让文章更加完美。
A:中考知识点 -----词汇
一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词;
2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文,并了解其词类(词性);
3、了解构词法的基本知识,并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类,例如:drive – driver, use – useful;
4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语;正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语;
5、理解词类转化,例如:water (n.) – water (v.)
二、词汇考查点分项说明:
1、掌握大纲词汇表,了解词类
1)大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至6册课本中所列的四会单词(即书后单词表中不带任何符号的单词)。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上,了解其词类(词性)。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词,而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。
2) 针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词,一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生,但一般无难题,基本属于送分题。出题范围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇,也有可能出现非大纲词汇,但一般为常用词汇,尽管不在大纲中出现,却通常在课文中出现过。
请看以下几道例题:
1. Shanghai is a large c t in China.
2. Adam often helps me a lot. He is my best f nd.
3. I can’t carry the box. It’s too h v .
4. The man is very poor. He had no m n to buy food.
5. ---How often do you play football?
--- Tw a week.
6. My grandparents like growing flowers. They w t the flowers everyday.
7. Summer is the hottest s son in the year.
8. --- Can you sp the word?
--- Yes. T-A-B-L-E, table.
9. He was so excited that he couldn’t f l asleep last night.
10. Everyone had a good time at the party. It was a p_ _ _ s _ _ _ evening.
( Key 1. city 2. friend 3. heavy 4. money 5. twice 6. water 7. season 8. spell 9. fall 10. pleasant )
3) 了解英文的词类:
英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类:即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(interjection)。
词类
英语名称(简称)
意 义
例 词
名词
Nouns (n.)
表示人、事物时
间、地点或抽象概念的名称
John
room
冠词
Articles (art.)
用于名词之前,帮助说明名词的含义
a an
the
数词
Numerals (num.)
表示数量或顺序
nine
first
代词
Pronouns (pron.)
代替名词、数词以避免重复
them
everything
形容词
Adjectives (adj.)
表示人或事物的属性或特征
good
interesting
副词
Adverbs (adv.)
修饰动词、形容
词、其它副词或全句,表示行为特征或性状特征
almost
bravely
动词
Verbs (v.)
表示动作、状态或性质
stand
be
介词
Prepositions (prep.)
用于名词或代词
之前,表示名词、代词与其它词之间的关系
near
from
连词
Conjunction (conj.)
连接单词、短语、从句或句子
and
but
感叹词
Interjection(interj.)
表示说话时的语气或感情
hello
oh
在上述的十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义,可以在句中独立充当句子成分,称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用,都不在句子中担任任何成分,称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分,通常作独立成分。
2、了解构词法的基本知识
在英语中,一个单词往往与其它词在结构上有联系,把这些联系的规律总结出来就是构词法。构词的方法主要有派生、转化和合成等三种。
1) 派生法
在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀,从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
1.常用前缀
前缀
意义
例词
un-
不
unknown未知的
unhappy不高兴的
dis-
不,否定
dislike不喜欢 discover发现
re-
再,重复
retell复述
mid-
中
mid-night半夜 mid-term期中
mis-
误会
misunderstand误会
bi-
双
bicycle自行车
il-
不,非
illegal非法的
in-
不,非
informal非正式的
im-
不,非
impossible不可能的
ir-
不,非
irregular不规则的
inter-
间,相互
international国际的
tele-
远
telephone电话
2.常用后缀
后缀
意义
例词
-er
动作者,人
teacher教师
-or
动作者,人
visitor参观
-ian
人
musician音乐家
-ess
女性
actress女演员
-ese
人,语言
Chinese中国人,汉语
-ese
(地方、人)的
Japanese日本(人)的
-hood
身份、状态
childhood童年
-ity
(抽象名词)
ability能力
-th
过程,结果
death死亡
-ness
状态、性质
happiness快乐
-ship
状态、身份
friendship友谊
-tion
动作、状态
action行为
-ure
动作、结果
pleasure快乐
-an
(地方、人)的
Canadian加拿大人(的)
-ed
有,像
talented有才华的
-en
…的
wooden木制的
-ern
(表示方向)
southern南方的
-ful
充满
meaningful有意义的
-less
不、无
useless没用的
-ly
…地
carefully细心地
-en
使…变得
weaken削弱、(使)变弱
-fy
使…化
satisfy(使)满意
-ize,-ise
使…化
modernize(使)现代化
-teen
十几
thirteen十三
-ty
几十
thirty三十
-th
第…
ninth第九
(二)转化法
转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形,而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化前的意义有密切的联系。
May I have a look ? 我可以看一看吗?(动词转化为名词)
Let him have a try. 让他试试。(动词转化为名词)
Can we book the tickets ahead? 我们能提前定票吗?(名词转化为动词)
The hall can seat thousands of people. 大厅能坐数千人。(名词转化为动词)
She had to busy herself with housework. 她不得不忙于家务活。(形容词转化成动词)
You’d better empty the bottle first. 你最好把瓶子先倒空。(名词转化为动词)
It’s necessary to know the difference between right and wrong.
有必要知道对错之间的区别。(形容词转化成名词)
They often help the poor.
他们经常帮助穷人。(形容词转化成名词)
We began to drive north.
我们开始向北行驶。 (名词转化成副词)
There were lots of ups and downs in his life.
他的一生中有许多的起起落落。 (副词转化成名词)
(三)合成法
把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词,这种构词法成为合成法。
1.合成形容词
He is a white-collar clerk. 他是一名白领职员。
He is an open-minded leader. 他是一名思想开明的领导。
What a kind-hearted girl! 多幺好心的女孩!
This is a good-looking a table. 这是一张好看的桌子。
Taking a taxi is time-saving. 乘坐出租车很省时。
He has heard the heart-breaking news. 他已经听说了这个令人心碎的消息。
It’s dangerous to walk on this ice-covered road.
行走在这条被冰覆盖的路上是很危险的。
How much is the hand-made model? 那个手工制作的模型多少钱?
Chinese people are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。
2.合成名词
This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。
Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗?
Her handwriting is much better than mine. 她的书法比我的要好得多。
The waiting-room is quite crowded. 候车室里相当拥挤。
The water in the swimming-pool is clear, like a blue mirror.
游泳池里的水很清澈,像一面镜子。
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
He plants lots of flowers in his green-house. 他在温室里种了许多花。
They are playing games on the playground. 他们在操场上做游戏。
The get-together will begin at 8:00 pm. 联欢会将于晚上八点开始。
He is my brother-in-law. 他是我的姐夫。
I’m not a good-for-nothing. 我并不是一个无用之人。
The plant is called forget-me-not. 这种植物叫含羞草。
3.合成动词
Please air-dry the paper. 请将纸风干。
He is undergoing great suffering. 他正在遭受巨大的痛楚.。
It’s hard to white-wash the huge wall. 粉刷这面大墙是很难的。
The man was blacklisted. 这个人被列入了黑名单。
4.合成副词
She lives downstairs. 她住在楼下。
If you look eastwards, you can see the sea. 如果你往东看,能够看到大海。
3、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语;正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语;
1)初中阶段比较常见的短语:
同学们应该根据自己手头的现行教材,将1至6册中出现过的常见短语进行归纳总结,对于其中比较容易混淆的短语要弄清楚它们之间的区别。
2)初中阶段比较常见的习语有:
1. too… to
2. so.. that…
3. It’s time for sb. to do sth.
4. both…. and..
5. either…or…
6. neither… nor…
7. not… until…
8. not only… but also…
9. as… as…
10. not as (so)… as…
11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
12. It’s good (bad) for…
13. as soon as
14. used to do
15. some… others…
16. be angry with…
17. be different from
18. one… the other…
19. take sb. to a place
20. Thank you for doing sth.
21. get ready to do sth.
22. …one of…
23. get on well with …
24. sb. spend… on…
25. buy… for…
26. be interested in…
27. You’d better…
28. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
29. enjoy doing
30. be good at…
4、理解词类转化
在英语中,不少词可以属于几个词类,如water( 水、浇水;名词和动词);work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;介词和连词)等。
三、巩固练习
① 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母,使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
l. What colour is Ann's skirt? It's r____d.
2.We often play g____mes after school.
3.Put your r____ler and your pen in the pencil-box.
4.My parents work f____ ve days a week.
5.There are a lot of cars and buses in the str____t.
6.Don't open the wind ____ . It's cold outside.
7.How do you usually go to school? By b__ k __.
8.There are a lot of flowers in the g __ d ___.
9.Winter comes after a ___ n.
10. Trees turn gr___n in spring.
11. L__sson One is easy.
12. Can you make a c__ke?
13. This box is small. Give me a b__g one.
14. A d__g is running after a cat.
15. We cl___n the classroom every day.
② 根据句子意思完成单词,单词的第一个字母已给出
1.If you are ill , you must go to h_______ .
2.We all know Beijing is the c_______ of China .
3.D________ ,25th is Christmas Day .
4.We can see s________ at night when it's fine .
5.You can come here b_______ 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow .
6.I hope you have a good time on you j______ .
7.Could you tell me w_______ the nearest post office is ?
③ 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.There are two ________in the basket. (egg)
2.This is my pencil. That one is ________. (your)
3.Who is _______, Tom, Mike or Jack ? (tall)
4.We live on the ______ floor. (twenty)
5. I can see three _______ on the desk. (pen)
6. This room is _______. It isn't yours. (our)
7. “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here _______ are.” (your)
8. Lin Lin is the ______ in our class. (young)
9. We live on the _______ floor. (seven)
10. Li Lei is _______ than Lin Tao. (old)
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ river in China. (long)
12.Wei Hua gave me two______ yesterday.(book)
13.That pen isn't yours. It's ______ .(her)
14.The ______ lesson is very easy.(six)
15.John is ______ than Sam.(tall)
16.Can you help ______ with my English? (I)
④ 根据汉语提示完成句子
1、我用了两个小时修车。
It _______ me two hours _______ _______ the bike.
2、直到妈妈回来时,他才完成作业。
He ______ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.
3、他和我都不是老师。
______ he _______ I am a teacher.
4、他从小就对数学感兴趣。
He became ________ in maths when he was ________.
5、你最好乘火车。
You'd _______ ______ a train.
6、是时候上车了。
It's time to ______ ______ the bus.
7、珠江是中国的第三最长的河流。
Zhujiang river is _______ _________ __________ __________ in China .
三、巩固练习参考答案
① 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母,使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
1. red 2. games 3. ruler 4. five 5. street 6. window 7. bike 8. garden 9. autumn 10. green 11. Lesson 12. cake 13. big 14. dog 15. clean
② 根据句子意思完成单词,单词的第一个字母已给出
1. hospital 2. capital 3. December 4. stars 5. between 6. journey 7. where
③ 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. eggs 2. yours 3. the tallest 4. twentieth 5. pens 6. ours 7. you 8. youngest 9. seventh 10. older 11. longest 12. books 13. hers 14. sixth 15. taller 16. me
④ 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. took, to mend/ repair/ fix
2. didn’t, until
3. Neither, nor
4. interested, young
5. better take
6. get on
7. the third longest
中考英语热点专题复习系列二
名词、代词和冠词
一、中考对名词、代词和冠词的知识要求:
对名词的考查主要集中在:
1、正确识别可数名词和不可数名词;
2、掌握可数名词复数形式的构成;
3、正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数特征性;
4、掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。
对代词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;
2、掌握名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;
3、掌握反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;
4、掌握常见不定代词的一般用法;
5、掌握指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;
6、掌握疑问代词的基本用法。
中考对冠词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的基本使用规则和常见习惯用法:
2、掌握a与an的基本用法。
二、名词考察点分项说明:
表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词,叫做名词。关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数和名词的格。
(一)名词的数
1、可数名词
1)可数名词的的复数形式
英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或事物用单数,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
名词特征
变化规则
发 音
例词
一般单词
词尾+s
清辅音后 发[s]
cups, desks, gates,
元音与浊辅音后发[z]
hens, bags, days
以s, sh, ch, x结尾
词尾+es
发[iz]
classes, watches, boxes
以o结尾
词尾+es
发[z]
tomatoes, heroes, potatoes
出现较晚的事物,词尾+s
photos, radios, zoos, pianos
以辅音+y结尾
变y为i 加es
发[iz]
stories, babies, cities
以元音+y结尾
词尾+s
发[z]
boys, keys, days
以f或fe结尾
变f或fe为v加es
发[vz]
leaves, knives, lives
例外:roofs, proofs, handkerchiefs
2)、有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,如:
变化
例词
元音发生变化
man—men, woman—women, foot—feet
tooth—teeth, mouse—mice
词尾发生变化
child—children
单、复数同形
sheep—sheep, deer—deer, fish—fish, Chinese—Chinese, Japanese--Japanese
复合词中主要词变为复数
looker-on—lookers-on, new-comer—new-comers, grand-child—grand-children
复合词中无主体词在最后,加s
grown-up—grown-ups,stand-by—stand-bys
由man 或woman 构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数
woman-teacher—women-teachers,
man-doctor—men-doctors
以 is结尾的外来词,变is为es
basis-bases, crisis-crises, emphasis-emphases,
3)、常以复数形式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。
4)、有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news(消息),maths (数学),physics(物理)
2、不可数名词
不可数名词通常是物质名词和集合名词。物质名词无法分为个体的事物,通常不能与不定冠词连用,自身不能表示具体的数量,如water, coffee, time, money, bread, work,等;抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念,如kindness。
1)、不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。
2)、常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。
3)、有些名词既能用作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意义不同
单 词
意 义
不可数名词
可数名词
dress
女服(统称)
a dress 一件女服
fish
鱼肉
a fish 一条鱼
glass
玻璃
a glass 一个玻璃杯
tin
锡
a tin 一听罐头
paper
纸
a paper 一张报纸
(二)名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系,意思为“…的”。名词所有格的构成方法是:
1、在名词后加“ 's”。如:Lily’s, Mary’s等。
2、以-s或-es 结尾的复数名词只加“’”, 如:Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's 。如:Children's Day。
3、表示一件东西为多人共有,只需在最后一个人的名字后加“’s”。若表示各自所有,则需在每个名字后都加“’s”,如:
Lily and Lucy’s computer. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。(两人共有),
lily’s and Lucy’s computers. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。(并不共有),
4)、名词所有格可以用来表示地点。
如:my uncle's 我叔叔家。
5)、表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般以“of +名词”的结构来表示。如:
如:the end of the year 岁末,the colour of the flower 花的颜色
三、代词考察点分项说明:
代词是为了避免重复而用来代替该词的词。英语是一种不喜欢重复的语言,当文中第二次提到同一个名词时,一般都要用相应的代词来代替。
英语代词可分为八大类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、和连接代词八种。
(一)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词:(见下表)
人称代词
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
you
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
you
物主代词
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
your
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs
yours
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
themselves
yourselves
1、表示“我”、“你”“他(她、它)”、“我们”、“你们”、“他(她、它)们”的词,称为人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。其变化形式如下:
单 数
复 数
主 格
宾 格
主 格
宾 格
第一人称
I我
me
we我们
Us
第二人称
you你
you
you你们
you
第三人称
he他
him
them
she她
her
it它
it
2、表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词,也叫代词所有格。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词;名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词。
3、自身代词是表示“××自己”的代词,也称为反身代词。其形式有:
单数
复数
第一人称
myself我自己
ourselves我们自己
第二人称
yourself你自己
yourselves你们自己
第三人称
himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己
(二)、few, a few, little, a little的用法:
含 义
语 气
修饰或代替的名词
few
很少几个
否定
复数可数名词
a few
有几个
肯定
复数可数名词
little
很少,不多
否定
不可数名词
a little
有一点
肯定
不可数名词
(三)、常见不定代词的一般用法:
1、由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,如果有形容词修饰,该形容词必须后置。
There is nothing wrong with the radio.这收音机没有毛病。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情告诉你。
2、both / all / none
all的意思是“全体”,“所有”可代表或修饰三个以上的人或物;both指“两者都”; none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of。
3、every / each
every+单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性,作定语,形式上为单数。each “每一个” 强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用。
4、both / either / neither
both “(两者)都” ,作主语时,看作复数;作定语时,后跟名词复数。
either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时,后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义,用法同either。
5. another / the other / the others/ others
another +单数名词, “另一个”
one … the other “一个……,另一个……”
the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” (指确定范围内剩下的全部)
others “别人”
(四)指示代词的一般用法:
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等,指示意义的代词称为指示代词。指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等。
1、This, that, these those的用法:
This(these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物, these是this的复数形式;that(those)常指在时间或空间上较远的事物,those是that的复数形式。
2、such和same的用法:
such常在句中作主语、定语和表语,表示“这样”。 same可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语,意为“同样的”,same前必须加定冠词the。
I have never seen such a good place.我从未见过这么好的地方。
I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的那样的故事。
We are in the same factory. 我们在同一家工厂。
I’ll do the same as you.我将与你做同样的事情。
(五)疑问代词的基本用法:
疑问代词是指 5个“wh”,:who(谁), whose(谁的), whom(谁),what(什么), which哪个)
1、who在句中通常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语。在口语中,常用who代替whom,但是若前面有介词,还是用whom.
Who is the girl in red? 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁?
Whom are you waiting for? 你们在等谁?
With whom did they play basketball? 他们和谁一起打篮球?
2、which常表示在一定范围之内的选择,what则没有这种限制,如:
Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? 橘汁和可乐,你喜欢哪个?
Which of them come from Canada? 他们中谁来自加拿大?
What do you like to do in your spare time? 你在业余时间都做什么?
代词(pron.)代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用
相互代词 each other,one another
指示代词 this,that,these,those
不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代词)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another
复合不定代词everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something,anything, nothing
疑问代词 what,who,whom,which,whose
直接代词 疑问代词都可作连接代词,引导宾语从句.表语从句等。
关系代词 who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。
(二)代词的用法
1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法
(1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。
eg. She gavemea red apple.她给了我一个红苹果: (She作主语,me作动词宾语)
Kathy is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语)
2,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。
①形容词性物主代词位于名词前:their school,his backpack
②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等,后面不能再接名词。
egIt isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主语)
I left my pen at home.You can use hers(=her pen),(作宾语)
③"of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。
eg.a cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个朋友
(3)反身代词
①反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用,也可作动词或介词的宾语。
eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语)
She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语)
He's not worried about himself.(作介词宾语)
②带有反身代词的常用短语。
teach oneself自学
help oneself to随便吃些…吧
say to oneself自言自语.
learn...by oneself自学…
enjoy oneself过得愉快
leave one by oneself把某人单独留下
hurt oneself伤了自己
dress oneself自己穿衣服
come to oneself苏醒过来
(4)相互代词
①表示相互关系,可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。
eg.For years,the two sisters looked after one another(each other).多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。
We should learn from each other. 我们应当互相学习。
②可以用格表示所有关系:each other’s, one another’s互相的,彼此的
eg.They are looking at each other’s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。
(5)指示代词
①指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。
Eg This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.这是一棵苹果树,那是一棵桔子树。
These are my friends,and that is my sister.这些是我朋友,那个是我姐姐。
②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情:
eg.Steve had a bad cold.This/That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday·
2.不定代词的用法
(1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法
①each"每个/各个”(强调个体),用于两者或两者以上。
eg.Two girls came and l gave an apple to each.来了俩姑娘,我给她们每人一个苹果。
Each of them has a nice ring.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。
②every"每个/各个”(强调全体),用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。
eg.Everyday is important to us.每天对我们都很重要。
He has read every book(all the books) On the subject.他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书。
③both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。
eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生。
Both of them are doctors.他俩都是医生。
They both like potatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。
④all“全体/大家/一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可数名词。
eg.That’s all for today.今天到此为止。
All of us are from China.我们都来自中国。
All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。
⑤either“两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体)。
eg.The two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵,你可以随便挑一件。
⑥neither“两个都不”,用于否定两者。
eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。
⑦no(=not any/not a)“没有”可接可数名词单复数,也可接不可数名词。
eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹.
A clock has no mouth,but it can talk. 钟表没有嘴,但能说话。
There is no fire without some smoke.有火就有烟。
⑧none“没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名{司。
eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。
I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。
⑨neither和none表示完全否定;all,both,each和every(含every的复合词)等与not连用时表示部分否定。
eg.I don’t know all of you.我不完全认识你们。
Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。
(2)one,ones和no one的用法
one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。
eg.——Would you please pass me the science book?给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗?
一Which one?哪一本?
一The one on my shelf.我书架上的那本。
No one has traveled farther than to the moon.没有人旅行远过月球。
(3)(a)few,(a)little;many,much;some,any的用法
①many(+复数名词),much(+不可数名词)表示“许多/很多”。
eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些学生许多是从英国来的。
Thanks,it’s too much for me.谢谢,我承受不起。
②few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。
eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上没什么人。
I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我担心,我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。
③a few(+复数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。
eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意:quite a few表示“相当多”
eg.There are quite a few students over there.那儿有相当多的学生。
④some(+复数名词/不可数名词),any(+复数名词/不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。
eg.There are some birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。
There is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。
I don’t have any brothers Of sisters.我没有
Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗?
⑤.some一般用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中,多用some。
eg: Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗?
Why didn’t you buy some sweets?(You should have bought...)你怎么没买点糖果?
⑥.any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句
eg.There isn't any water left.没有剩下一点水。
If you have any questions, put up your hands。please.如果有问题,请举手。
⑦:some+单数名词表示“某一个”,any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。
eg.I'll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。
Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。
④one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法
1.○ ● one……the other
表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个”
eg. Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse.
2.○ ○○●○ one ………another
表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。
eg. I don’t want this One, please give me another.
3.○ ●●● one ……the others
强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。
eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Others are Chinese.
4.○○○ ●●●● some…… the others
表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。
eg.Some students are reading,the others are drawing pictures.
⑤others=other+名词;the others=the Other+名词。
eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at home.
⑥another表示“再/又”时既可接单数名词,也可接数词+复数名词。
eg. He will be able to finish his work in another two hours.再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。
(4)复合不定代词的用法
①复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门
②修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后,即定语后置。
eg.There is something important On today’s newspaper.今天的报纸有些重要新闻。
③复合不定代词变否定句时,要否定主语:
eg.Something is wrong.(变为否定句)
Something isn’t wrong.(错误)
Nothing is wrong.(正确)
④Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。
eg.There is something new in the park.公园里有些新的景点。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗?
⑤当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时,表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。
eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗?
Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能犯错误。
3.疑问代词的用法。
(1)who/whom 谁(指人).
①作主语 eg. Who wants to go with him?
②作宾语 eg.Who/Whom are you waiting for?(作介词for的宾语)
eg.Who/Whom do you want tomeet?(作动词meet的宾语)
③作表语 eg.Who/Whom are they?
(2)whose谁的
①作定语 eg. Whose pen is this?
②作表语 eg. Whose is this pen?
(3)which哪一个,哪一些
①作定语 eg.Which girl is Kathy?
②作表语 eg. Which is the boy’s ball?
(4)what什么
①作主主语 eg. What’s on the table?
②作宾语 eg. What are you doing?
③作表语 eg. What is he?
④作定语 eg. What class are you in?
4.关系代词的用法
关系代词用来引起定语从句,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词,另——方面又在从句中充当一个成分。
eg·This is the man who gave me the book. 这就是给我书的那个人。
The money that/which is on the table is mine. 桌上的钱是我的。
The money that/which my mother gave me is on the table. 我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。
四、冠词考察点分项说明:
在英语中,有一类词是汉语中没有的,那就是冠词。冠词常位于名词之前,用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义。冠词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,必须与名词连用,置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)与冠词(the)两种。
而定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前,表示特定的人或事物,相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
(一)、不定冠词
不定冠词主用于单数可数名词前,表示“一个”或“一类。”
1、a用于以辅音“音素”开头的单数可数名词前。
2、在月份、星期及morning, afternoon, evening, night, day等名词前有修饰词时,一律用a。
Smith arrived in Beijing on a rainy day. 史密斯在一个下雨天到达了北京。
He died in a cold February. 他死于寒冷的二月。
3、 不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前。
如:an apple, an hour, an honest boy, an English car.
注意: a useful dictionary
(二)定冠词
定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前,表示特定的人或事物,相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
定冠词的常见用法有:
1、用来指独一无二的物体:The sun rose at six o'clock. 太阳在六点升起。
2、用于再次提及的名词前。
There is a cow under the tree. The cow is yellow.树下有一头牛,牛是黄色的。
3、用来指说话者双方心目中都知道的特定的人或事物。
This is the book you wanted. 这就是你要的那本书。
4、用于单数可数名词前,泛指一类。
The horse is an animal.马是动物。
5、用于序数词前、表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如:the first, the best , in the south等
6、在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。
如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
布朗一家人今年夏天将要去上海渡假。
五、巩固练习
(一)选择填空
1. Does Mr. Brown like Chinese .
A. food B. foods C. any food D. some food
2. There a dictionary and two notebooks on the desk.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. The old man has two .
A. son-in-law B. sons-in-law
C. son-in-laws D. sons-in-laws
4. We should keep clean.
A. toothes B. tooths C. our tooths D. our teeth
5. Lucy has been to many times this year.
A. his uncle B. his uncles C. uncle’s D. her uncle’s
6. didn’t visit the farm.
A. One of the boy B. One of the boys
C. One of boy D. One of boys
7. No news good news.
A. is B. seems C. are D. has
8. This is table.
A. his teacher’s Mary’s B. his teacher, Mary’s
C. his teacher’s Mary D. his teacher, Mary
9. After climbing 2 hours, we had rest.
A. a few minute’s B. few minutes
C. a few minutes’ D. few minutes
10. These are my ______ .
A. box B. a box C. boxes D. the boxes
(二)、用适当的代词填空
1. My father did not want of the two shirts and asked to be shown .
2. is Tom like? Oh, he’s short and fat.
3. Her parents are workers.
Her classmates are from peasants’ families.
4. Mother told the boys,“Please help to some fruit.”
5. All these are fine books. You can read of them.
6. They are learning from .
7. Lucy dances better than girl in the school.
Jim jumps higher than boys in his class.
8. He lent me a few books, but of them is easy enough for me.
He lent me a few books, and of them are easy enough for me.
二、用适当的冠词填空(不填处用“×”表示)
⒈ by train.
⒉ Huanghe River
⒊ for while
⒋ go out for walk
⒌ at foot of
⒍ half hour
⒎ Mr. Smith came here just now
⒏ There is old man in the village. Old man is seventy.
⒐ earth turns round sun.
⒑ We often have lunch at home.
⒒ I wish you happy life.
⒓ harder you study, better you get the marks.
⒔ man with book in his hand is our new class teacher.
⒕ It was raining again! What day!
⒖ Who is going to take place of Mr. Smith next term ?
六、巩固练习参考答案
(一)选择填空
1 A 2A 3 B 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C
(二)、用适当的代词填空
1. either, another
2. what
3. both; all
4. yourselves
5. any
6. each other
7. any other; any of the other
8. none, all
(三)、用适当的冠词填空(不填处用“×”表示)
1. ×
2. the
3. a
4. a
5. the
6. an
7. A
8. an, The
9. The, the
10. ×
11. a
12. The, the
13. The, a
14. a
15. the
中考英语热点专题复习系列三
数词、形容词和副词
一、中考对数词和形容词知识要求:
中考对数词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握1-100的基数词和序数词的构成及其主要用法;
2、掌握年、月、日、时的基本表达方式及其与之相应的介词搭配;
3、掌握日常交际活动中涉及到的数字的表达方法;
4、了解数词的某些特殊用法。
中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握比较级和最高级的一般构成规则;
2、掌握比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式;
3、掌握比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法;
4、掌握形容词做表语和定语的用法;
5、掌握常用副词在句中的位置,并了解其意义。
二、数词考察点分项说明:
数词分为基数词和序数词两类,表示数量多少的数词是基数词,如one(一),two(二),seven(七)等,表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词,如the first(第一),the second(第二),the seventh(第七)。
在对数词进行复习的时候,同学们首先要会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的时间表达法。对数词的考查,中考常采用单选题及听力题。
(一)、序数词一般由基数词加-th构成,100以内的基本的序数词如下:
(二)、序数词的构成及用法:
1、以下几个序数词较为特殊:
first(第一) second(第二) third(第三) fifth(第五)
eighth(第八) ninth(第九) twelfth(第十二)
2、以-ty结尾的基数词变为序数词的构成方法是:先将十位整数的基数词尾的-ty变成-ti,然后再加-eth.
如:twenty twentieth (第二十)
eighty eightieth (第八十)
3、基数词“几十几”变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词,十位不变。
如:thirty-two thirty-second (第三十二)
seventy-five seventy-fifth (第七十五)
4、序数词的缩写形式,在阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。
如:fifth5th second2nd
5、序数词前通常要用定冠词the。
6、hundred, thousand, million, billion等词在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式,前面不能加具体的数字。
如:three hundred seats 三百个座位
hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的
millions of 数百万的 billions of数十亿的
(三)与数词有关的时间表达法:
1、钟点表示法:
① 顺读法
如:1:15 one fifteen 3:30 three thirty
② 倒读法(用past / to表示)
如: 1:15 a quarter past one
3:30 half past three
7:56 four to eight
③表示钟点只用基数词,并且钟点前用介词at。
2、日期表示法:
① 英语中日期的排列顺序是:星期、月、日、年
如: 2003年3月17日,星期一
Monday, March the 17th, 2003.
② 在具体某一天前用介词on
3、世纪、年代表示法
(在)90年代 (in) the nineties
(在)19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century
(在)18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730’s
(四)、基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“一”连在一起,构成复合形容词,修饰名词。
如: a twelve-year-old boy 一个十二岁的男孩 a five-mile race 一次五英里的赛跑
三、形容词和副词考察点分项说明:
形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词,又可修饰形容词,其它副词,甚至整个句子。
(一)形容词和副词级的变化:
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级:
原级:
比较级: 比较...,更...一些
最高级: 最...
1、 一般构成规律:
词的特征
变 化
例 词
原 级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词
直接加-er, -est
strong
high
stronger
higher
strongest
highest
以e结尾的词
加-r, -st
wide
nice
wider
nicer
widest
nicest
以单个辅音字母(非r)结尾的单音节词
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est
fat
thin
fatter
thinner
fattest
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词
变y为i,再加-er,-est
heavy
happy
heavier
happier
heaviest
happiest
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词
直接加-er; -est
clever
narrow
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
多数双音节词
多音节词和
源于分词的形容词
在原级前加more, most
stupid
difficult
tired
more stupid
more difficult
more tired
most stupid
most difficult
most tired
2、常见的不规则变化:
原 级
比较级
最高级
good well
better
best
bad badly ill
worse
worst
many much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
old
older
elder
oldest
eldest
3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法:
原级的用法:
①肯定句型:
as + 形容词(副词)原级 + as … 意思是 “与……一样”
The boy is as clever as his brother. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。
Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型:
not so/as + 形容词(副词)原级 +as… 意思是“不如……“
Monkeys are not as strong as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。
He is not so good a man as you. 他没有你好。
比较级的用法:
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is more beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越…...”
It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级,the+比较级 意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder you study, the faster you make progress.
你学习越努力,进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any other+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”(这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。)
He is more stupid than any other student in his class. 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
She is taller than any other girl in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。
最高级的用法:
1、有范围修饰的用最高级,如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的句子中。
This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。
2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最……的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
The park is the third largest one in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。
3、one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最……之一”
America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.
北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。
4、形容词最高级前一定要用the,而副词最高级前可省略。
The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。
She came (the) earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。
(二)、常用副词在句中的位置:
1、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。
They met in China last year. 他们去年在中国见面了。
It’s raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。
The students are reading English loudly. 学生们在大声朗读英语。
2、强调时间时,时间副词可置于句首。
Last year they met in China.
3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。
She is on her way home. 她正在回家的路上。
4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种:
(1)实义动词之前:
I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。
I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。
(2)be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后
Mr. Green is always busy.格林先生一直很忙。
I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。
四、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
A. Two-third B. Second-third
C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds
2. Where are they going to have the meeting? In .
A. 204 Room B. Room 204
C. the room 204 D. the Room 204
3. What is the time? It’s (4:25).
A. four twenty-five B. four past twenty-five
C. twenty-five to four D. four twenty five
4. Please give us .
A. two glasses of waters B. two glass of water
C. two glasses water D. two glasses of water
5. Light is faster than an ordinary plane.
A. two million time B. millions of time
C. three millions times D. millions of times
6. There are seasons in a year. The season is spring.
A. four, one B. fourth, first C. fourth, one D. four, first
7. She has a baby.
A. ten-months-old B. ten months-old
C. ten-months-olds D. ten-month-old
8. It took them to finish the work last year.
A. two and a half months B. two month and a half
C. a half and two months D. two months and half
9. What’s the date today? It’s .
A. July five B. July the five
C. July fifty D. July the fifth
10. There are in the room.
A. four box of oranges B. four boxes of orange
C. four box oranges D. four boxes of oranges
11. I don’t feel very today.
A. good B. better C. nice D. well
12. He didn’t go there with me, she didn’t .
A. too B. either C. neither D. also
13. Our hall is theirs.
A. twice as large as B. twice so large as
C. as twice large as D. twice more than
14. John did in the exam, Tom did even .
A. bad, worse B. more bad, more worse
C. badly, worst D. badly, worse
15. Your mother won’t be angry with you, will she? I hope .
A. so B. it C. not D. no
16. The villagers had rain this year than last year.
A. less B. least C. little D. lesser
17. She is than Mary.
A. older two years B. old two years
C. two years old D. two years older
18. He says that he will pay a price for the house.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. highest
19. They have held three meetings this week .
A. alone B. lonely C. ever D. just
20. How do you go to the South Lake?
A. often B. long C. soon D. fast
21. This is really a news.
A. surpring B. surprised C. be surprised D. surprise
22. Don’t make noise. Please keep .
A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. more quietly
23. He bought from a shop.
A. an old black wood round table B. a round old black wood table
C. an old round black wood table D. a round black wood old table
24. aren’t so happy as .
A. The rich/poor B. Rich/the poor
C. Rich/poor D. The rich/the poor
25. Can you finish the work with money and people?
A. less…less B. little…few
C. fewer…fewer D. less…fewer
26. Do you have money to buy the colour TV set?
A. a little B. few C. enough D. many
27. I like green but Li Lei prefers blue.
A. shallow, deep B. think, thick
C. light, dark D. white, black
28. See you . See you.
A. late B. later C. latest D. last
29. He spoke fast that we could understand him.
A. too, not hardly B. so, not hardly
C. too, hardly D. so, hardly
30. I didn’t go , I went .
A. anywhere, upstairs B. nowhere, to upstairs
C. to somewhere, upstairs D. to anywhere, upstairs
二、改错(下列各句中有一处有误,请找出错误处,将其序号填入题前括号内并改正。)
( ) 1. He doesn’t feel like anything. Please give him delicious something toeat.
( ) 2. I found a quite big mouse in the kitchen the day before yesterday.
( ) 3. He plans to stay here for another more week.
( ) 4. Paris is the most beautiful than any other city in the world.
( ) 5. Is it more difficult to learn Chinese than learning Japanese?
( ) 6. Her older brother is two years older than she.
( ) 7. The population of Henan is larger than Hunan.
( ) 8. Tom got here earlier about ten minutes them his brother.
( ) 9. I’m taller of the two boys
( ) 10. Are your trousers so new as hers?
五、巩固练习答案
一、单项选择
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. D
26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A
二、改错
1. C,改为something delicious
2. B,改为quite a或者a very
3. D,改为one more week或者another week
4. A,改为more
5. D,改为to learn
6. A,改为Her elder brother
7. D,改为than that of Hunan
8. B,改为about ten minutes earlier
9. B,改为the taller
10. C,改为as
2006年中考英语热点专题复习系列四
动词(上)
一、中考对动词的知识要求:
中考对动词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;
2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时)
3、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;
4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;
5、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;
6、掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法;
7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法;
8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法;
9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则;
10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法;
11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。
二、动词考察点分项说明:
(一)、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;
1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成:
动 词 特 征
变 化
例 词
一般动词
词尾加-s
look- looks find- finds
以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾
词尾加-es
watch- watches, push- pushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i再加-es
fly- flies, apply- applies
2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成:
① 规则动词的变化:
规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。
动 词 特 征
变 化
例 词
一般动词
词尾加-ed
look- looked, looked
以e结尾
词尾加-d
live- lived, lived
以“辅音字母+Y”结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
carry-carried, carried
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop- stopped, stopped
② 不规则动词的变化。(略)
3、动词的现在分词的构成:
动 词 特 征
变 化
例 词
一般动词
直接加-ing
look-looking watch- watching
以e结尾
去e加-ing
come- coming move- moving
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing
swim- swimming
run- running
以ie结尾且为重读开音节
变ie加y再加ing
die-dying lie-lying
(二)、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时)
1、一般现在时
① 一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作,与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用;表示现在的事实或状态;表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力;以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。
②一般现在时的构成:
一般现在时通常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词原形后需加-s或-es。
She likes biology very much. 她非常喜欢生物。
They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。
2、一般过去时
①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用;表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作,这时可与频度副词often, usually, always等连用;表示过去发生的一连串动作,以及在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
②一般过去时的构成:一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。
We met each other on the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上碰见了。
She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.
他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
3、一般将来时
① 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用。
②一般将来时的构成:
(1) 一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称(I和we)的疑问句中。
(2) 也可以用“be going to+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情,或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。
They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。
We shall meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校大门口见。
It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
4、现在进行时
① 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用;或与these days, this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如:
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。
② 现在进行时的构成:
现在进行时由“be (am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。
They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。
The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃饭。
5、过去进行时
① 过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同。
过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
② 过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似,只不过把be (am, is, are)变为过去式(was, were)
They were watching TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。
The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。
6、现在完成时
① 表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在,常与already, just, yet等副词连用;或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
② 现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。
He has already come back.他已经回来了。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。
(三)、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;
常见的连系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。它们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构。
Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。
The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。
(四)、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;
① 过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同,只是把will, shall变为过去式would, should,把助动词be的过去式变为过去式was或were而已。如:
They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。
②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如:
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。
(五)、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;
助动词是“辅助性”动词,一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态,语态,和数的变化。
常见的助动词有:
(1)be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合,构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。
I’m looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。(现在进行时)
These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。(被动语态)
(2)have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合,构成完成时。
They have known each other for twenty years.
他们互相认识有二十年了。(现在完成时)
He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.
他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。(过去完成时)
(3)do (does, did) 助动词do后只能跟动词原形,与not及其他动词结合构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑问句。
He does not speak English.他不说英语。
When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的?
(4)will (would), shall (should) will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;would是will的过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词原形。
The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中后将要到达。
I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。
shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义,shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;should是shall的过去时,只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后;两者后面都接动词原形。
We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。
I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。
三、巩固练习
1. His father any washing in the morning.
A. doesn’t do B. doesn’t C. doesn’t does D. doesn’t does
2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term.
A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning
3. How long you the bicycle?
A. have…bought B. have…had
C. did…buy D. do…buy
4. my brother knows London very well. He there many times.
A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went
5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.
A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be
6. Listen, the music nice.
A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding
7. He early every morning from now on.
A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up
8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.
A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled
9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.
A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone
10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free.
A. is B. were C. was D. will be
11. Tom _____ his homework after breakfast.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. don’t do D. doesn’t do
12. Jenny _____a letter to her mother three days ago.
A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written
13. He ______ with us yesterday morning.
A. doesn’t go swimming B. goes swimming
C. didn’t go swimming D. went to swimming
14. There ______a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.
A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would have
15. ______ you ______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give
16. Look! Li Lei _____ Jim with his Chinese.
A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help
17. Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ .
A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping
18. The students of Class 3 _____a football game now. Let’s go and watch.
A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had
19. How many English songs ____ you _____ by the end of last term?
A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned
20. My mother _____ breakfast while I ______ my face this morning.
A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washing
C. was cooking D. would cook, was washing
二、用下列动词的适当形式填空
1. He told me that he (visit) the Summer Palace the next day.
2. —Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it.
—Miss Li. She (keep) it for a week.
3. The old men (die) last summer. He (die) for eight months.
4. Father (cook) when I got home.
5. Mr. Smith told us he (show) the guests around the factory.
6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry.
7. — the twins (return) yet?
—Yes. They (have) a rest in the room now.
8. It (rain) but it (stop) now.
9. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.
10. The boy (read) a story book now.
四、巩固练习参考答案
(一)单项选择
1. A 2. B 3. B 4.A 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.B 15. C16. A 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. B
(二)、用下列动词的适当形式填空
1. would visit
2. has kept
3. died, has been dead
4. was cooking
5. would show或者had shown
6. are washed
7. Have…returned; are having
8. rained…has stopped
9. kept
10. is reading
中考英语热点专题复习系列五
动词(下)
(六)掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法
① 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态,包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形。
② 情态动词的种类:
原 形
过去式
词 义
can
could
能
may
might
可以(或许)
must
must(had to)
必须(不得不)
will
would
愿意
shall
should
应该
need
needed
需要
dare
dared
敢于
③ can的用法
(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。
The boy can swim very well.
Who can answer this question?
(2)表示允许
The students can leave after the meeting.
When can I get the news?
(3)表示推测
It can be wrong.
Who can your new teacher next term?
④could的用法
(1)can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。
They could run very fast when they were young.
Could you speak English at that time?
(2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。
Could I borrow your bike?
Could you listen to me carefully?
(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度
How could that be?
She couldn’t know me.
⑤ must的用法
(1).表示义务,命令或必要
You must finish it before 5 o’clock.
Must I hand it in now?
(2).表示肯定的推测:一定
She must be a pretty girl.
You must be wrong.
⑥ need的用法
(1) 表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
We need to pay more attention.
Need I call him for you?
(2)need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定回答时用needn’t。
Need he come? 他必须来吗?
Yes, he must.是的,必须来。
No, he needn’t.不,他不必来。
⑦ may的用法
(1)表示请求、许可、可以
May I ask you some questions?
May we start now?
(2)表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。
He may be 25 years old.
We may come back in three days.
(3)may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。
May you success!
May you have a nice trip!
⑧ should的用法
should意思是“应该”,表示劝告或建议(=ought to)
Who should I meet this afternoon?
You should pack you bag quickly.
(七)了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p.)”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。
1.一般现在时的被动语态(am/ is/ are +done)
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2.一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3.一般将来时的被动语态(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I think thousands of people will be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
(八)了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法
情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。如:
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)
(九)掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则(此处略。见第七期)
(十)动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语(包括目的状语,结果状语和原因状语。)
1)作主语
To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里开车很困难。
2)作宾语
① 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词,如:
hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try,promise, refuse.
I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。
She has decided to go.她已决定要走。
② 在feel, find, think, consider, made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,而补语是形容词,则通常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如:
I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。
3)作表语
Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。
4)作宾语补足语
He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。
5)作目的状语:
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。
I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。
6)作结果状语:
He is too tired to go any further.他太累了,不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小,不能参军。
7)作原因状语:
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后,可以表示引起这些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。
I’m glad to see you.见到你真高兴。
二、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He had his lunch already.
A. will B. would C. has D. have
2. Mary speak English before she left for England.
A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to
3. I your help. I can do it myself.
A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. need D. don’t need
4. some more tea now?
A. Do you like B. Will you like
C. Would you like D. Should you like
5. — you the book to the library?
—Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago.
A. Do, return B. Are, returning
C. Will, return D. Have, returned
6. Don’t go to see him. He changed his mind
A. is B. was C. will D. has
7. —How many times your uncle been to Beijing?
—Twice.
A. has B. have C. does D. did
8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.
A. won’t B. hasn’t to C. shouldn’t D. has to
9. give me a cup of water, Mary?
A. Shall you please B. Will you please
C. Please you D. Please do you
10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t
11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.
A. needn’t B. don’t need C. needn’t to D. not need
12. Li Li get up at 7:30.
A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to
13. You answer this question.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have to C. don’t need D. needn’t to
14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.
A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie
15. You go with us at once.
A. need B. should C. would D. could
16. —_____I watch TV after dinner, Mum?
—No, you .
A. May; mustn’t B. May; don’t
C. May; won’t D. Must; mustn’t
17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.
A. don’t know…are B. didn’t know…were
C. don’t know…were D. haven’t known…are
18. The PRC in 1949.
A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded
19. —Is Xiao Li in the classroom?
—No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now.
A. can’t be B. mustn’t be C. is D. needn’t
20. —Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?
— .
A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall
C. Yes, you will D. All right
21. Nobody _____ do it. Let me _____ .
A. can, try B. can’t, to try C. can, to try D. can’t, trying
22. “ _____ you like ______ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.”
A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some
23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _____.”
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
24. “ _____ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
25. I _____ see the words on the blackboard. _____ you write a bit clearly?
A. mustn’t, Can B. don’t, will C. can’t, Can D. needn’t, Could
26. It’s a sunny day today. You ______ take a raincoat with you.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can
27. I’ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I ______ find it.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. didn’t
28. “ ____ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
29. The science book ______ good care of.
A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken
30. The stars _____ in the daytime.
A. can’t be see B. can’t see C. can’t be saw D. can’t be seen
二、用方框内的情态动词填空(每词只用一次)
need, needn’t, can, can’t, shall, shouldn’t
may, must, mustn’t, have to, would
1. I show him the way, I?
2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I .
3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you .
4. Nobody live without air or water.
5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.
6. — I have some chocolates now?
—No, you mustn’t.
7. Children be left alone.
8. I finish my homework before I go to bed.
9. we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.
10. you like some fish?
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. I saw the boy run yesterday.
2. He told me that he would come back soon.
3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
4. Do you water your flowers every day?
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
6. I think that he is right.
7. He had not thrown the bad food.
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
9. They would not take him to Beijing.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. (把英语学好)isn’t easy.
2. This is the room .(住)
3. He made the children .(哭)
The baby is often heard .(哭)
4. Can you tell me .(如何去那所学校)
5. There are quite marry books .(读)
6. Don’t stop (休息)before you finish doing your homework.
7. Mother wants me .(将来成为一位教师)
8. We have planned (去打篮球)tomorrow.
9. The students was made .(再打扫一遍教室)
10. It’s important (友善)and helpful.
三、巩固练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 11.A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. C24. B 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D
二、用方框内的情态动词填空
1. needn’t, must
2. can’t
3. mustn’t
4. can
5. need
6. May
7. shouldn’t
8. have to
9. shall
10. would
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.
2. I was told that he would come back soon.
3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.
4. Are your flowers watered every day?
5. The big tree was blown down last night.
6. It is thought that he is right.
7. The bad food had not been thrown.
8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother.
9. He would not be taken to Beijing.
10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. To learn English well
2. to live in
3. cry; to cry
4. how to get to that school
5. to read
6. to have a rest
7. to become a teacher in the future
8. to play basketball
9. to clean the classroom again
10. to be kind
中考英语热点专题复习系列六
介词和连词
一、中考对介词和连词的知识要求:
中考对介词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义;
2、掌握常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。
中考对连词的考查主要集中在:
1、掌握并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法;
2、掌握常用的从属连词的基本用法 ( when, after, because, as soon as…)
二、介词考察点分项说明:
介词在英文中是一种虚词。介词不能单独使用,一般也无句子重音。常常放在名词或代词之前,与之一起构成介词短语,共同充当句子成分。很多介词从词义上往往看不出是介词。如:against的意思是“反对”,在汉语里是动词,在英语里却是介词。
(一)表示时间的介词:
1.at, in ,on
(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”
(2)in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century
in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用on。
on Monday on April 1st
On the afternoon of May 23.
2.from, since, for
(1) from表示“等时间的起点”。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。
(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。
(3) for 与since表示一段时间,但for与时间段连用,而since与时间点连用。
for two hours since last week
3.after, in, within
(1) after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我们将举办晚会。
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了
(2) within“在……时间之内”
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
(3) in 后面接过去的时间点表过去,若后面接一段时间,则表示“在……时间之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸将会在3天后回来。
(二)表示“地点、方向”的介词:
1.In, outside between, among
(1) in表示“在……里面”,如:
What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?
She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。
(2) outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?
(3) between在……之间(指二者)
There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。
④among在……之间(指三者以上)
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道:“你们中间有个小偷!
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2.on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面,表面相互接触。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。
(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,与below相对。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。
(3) over“在……正上方”,与under相对。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。
(4) below在……下方,低于……
There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子刚到膝盖下。
(5) under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?
3.near, by, beside
(1) near在……附近,与far相对
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。
My home is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。
(2) by = beside,靠近,在……旁边,比near距离更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4.in front of, in the front of , behind, around
(1) in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河
They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。
There is a red chair in the front of the room. 在房间前半部有把红椅子。
(2) behind在……后面
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。
The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。
(3) around在……周围,围绕
There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。
5.along, across, through
(1) along沿着
He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。
(2) across横穿
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。
(3) through穿过
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。
6.at, in
二者都表示“在某个地方”,但at多指较小的地方,如车站、家等,而in多指在“大地方”,如城市、国家、大洲等。(但大小有时也是相对的)。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。
三、其它用途的介词:
1.表示“标准或单位”的介词:at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2.表示“材料”的介词:of, from
(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strwberres. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
3.表示“工具或手段”的介词:by, with, on
(1) by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如:
by bus乘公共汽车,by plane乘飞机
He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
(2) with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃打碎了。
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用右脚把球停住。
(3) on以……方式。多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
4.besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
He is interested in tennis besides(as well as)football.
除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
(1)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
(2)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
三、连词考察点分项说明:
(一)表示并列关系的并列连词有:
and, both…and, neither…nor, either… or, not only…but also, as well as
1.and
(1) “和,并且”,连接对等的词句。(在否定句中要用or连接。)
I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。
2.both…and “……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。
3.neither…nor 两者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳,又不喜欢溜冰。
4.either… or不是…就是…, 或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now, or wait for me at home.
你要么现在到办公室来,要么就在家等着。
Either he or I will leave. 不是他就是我将要离开。
5.not only…but (also)不但……而且…… (not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了,我也错了。
He not only made a promise, but kept it. 他不仅许诺,而且做到了。
6.as well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you. 除了你,我们还要营救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football. 除了足球,他还喜欢篮球。
二、常用的从属连词:
(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有:when, while, since, until, after, before, as soon as
1.when当……时
When we got there, the meeting had begun.我们到时,会议已经开始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时,正在下雨。
2.while正当……时,正在……时。(while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常常用进行时。)
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking. 她边走边唱。
3.since自从
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。
4.until直到……为止
Until you told me, I knew nothing at all about it.在我告诉我之前,我对此之外无所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。
5.before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。
6.as soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him. 你一看见他就请告诉他。
(二)引导原因状语从句的连词:because, since, as, for, now that
1.because因为 ( because与so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest. 我不能信任他,因为他不诚实。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it. 她没有来,因为她不知道。
2.since既然
Since he says so, it must be true.既然他这么说,那一定是真的。
Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问,我就告诉你。
3.as因为,由于
As we are hungry, let’s have supper. 由于大家饿了,我们就吃晚饭吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越来越黑,妈妈开始为哥哥着急。
4.for因为
We can't go for it is raining. 我们不能走,因为正在下雨。
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚会上玩得很尽兴,因为所有的个人我都很熟悉。
5.now that既然
Now that he is unhappy, let’s leave him alone. 既然他不高兴,我们就让他自己呆着吧。
Now that she feels sorry, please forgive her. 既然她很后悔,就请原谅她吧。
(三)引导结果状语从句:
so…that, such…that
1.so…that 如此……以致
She is so tired that he can’t go any further. 她太累了,不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole. 这猫太大了钻不进这洞。
2.such…that 如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了,令我留恋返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天气这么好,许多人都到公园里来玩乐。
(四)引导目的状语从句的连词:so that, in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度,为的是能够按时到达。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼,我租了条小船。
(五)引导比较状语从句的连词:than, as…as
He is taller than his brother. 他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher. 她能画得跟她的老师一样好。
(六)引导让步状语从句的连词:though, although (though与although的用法基本一样)
Although it rained hard, he still went out.尽管雨下得很大,他还是出去了。
Even though I have enough time, I don’t want to go there with him.
尽管我有时间,可我并不想跟他去那。
四、巩固练习
单项选择
1. Don’t worry. We’ll find the cat for you .
A. for some time B. in no time
C. on time D. at time
2. I was very surprised seeing him there.
A. to B. on C. for D. at
3. My son is a nice new coat. I bought it ten pounds.
A. in, by B. in, for C. on, by D. on, for
4. The old woman is sitting her daughter.
A. near to B. next C. next to D. next by
5. Can you translate this English?
A. in B. for C. with D. into
6. There will be a meeting Monday.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
7. Tom often gets up six the morning.
A. at, in B. on, in C. by, on D. at, at
8. The young man caught hold the thief and hit him the face.
A. of, on B. on, in C. of, in D. of, at
9. I’ll wait for you the bus stop.
A. on B. at C. in D. over
10. I’m sorry I cannot agree you.
A. with B. to C. of D. on
11. Mr. Smith lived writing for a magazine.
A. on B. with C. to D. in
12. It’s bad manners to laugh others when they are trouble.
A. at…in B. over…at C. with…on D. to…with
13. It is very kind you to help me my English.
A. of, in B. to, in C. for, with D. of, with
14. Please write pencil, not ink.
A. in, with B. in a, with C. with a, in D. with, in
15. He told me the truth.
A. At the end B. In the end
C. At the end of D. In the end of
16. There are a lot of trees the building.
A. in front of B. in the front of
C. on front of D. on the front of
17. The bus was people so we had to wait for the next one.
A. fill B. fill with C. full D. full of
18. The bridge is made stone.
A. with B. from C. of D. by
19. It’s time the meeting.
A. for B. to C. by D. on
20. May I use your dictionary for a minute? I want to look a word.
A. at B. for C. on D. up
21. ______ my father ______ my mother are teachers.
A. Neither… nor B. Both… and C. Either… or D. Not… but
22. The baby is only three months. He can _____ read _____ write.
A. neither, nor B. either, or C. both… and D. not… but
23. English isn’t easy, _____ I like it.
A. but B. or C. since D. and
24. I didn’t watch TV _____ I finished my homework.
A. after B. when C. while D. until
25. Which season do you like best, spring, summer, autumn _____ winter?
A. and B. or C. but D. if
26. The train started to move away faster _____ faster.
A. or B. but C. as D. and
27. _____ I got home, my parents were reading newspapers.
A. As soon as B. Before C. After D. When
28. Take the medicine ______ you go to bed.
A. until B. before C. because D. after
29. I’ll give the letter to her _____ she comes back.
A. until B. as soon as C. before D. since
30. My shoes are small, _____ I need new ones.
A. because B. and C. so D. if
五、巩固练习参考答案
单项选择
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D
21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. B
26. D 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. C
B:中考知识点 -----短语、词组归纳
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…,look like … 看上去像……,
look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如:
This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)
This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。试比较:
First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)
First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)
First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games
介词短语聚焦
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如:in English,in the hat
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.
6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。如:at six, at half , past ten.
9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。
10.of短语表示所属关系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China.
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
重要词组
按动词分:
1.take:
take in吸收 take part in参加 take place发生
take out拿走 take off脱下
2.go:
go off响起 go out熄灭 go over复习
go wrong出错 go on继续 go up走上前去
3.Look:
look up查寻;抬头看 look for寻找 look out注意;留神 look at看着
4.Put:
put off延期 put up举起;挂起 put out扑灭 put on穿 put down放下
5.Give:
give in屈服 give out分发 give off散发 give up放弃
6.Set:
set up建立 set out/off出发
7.Get:
get up起来 get off下车 get on上车 get along/on(with)进展;相处 get in进入;收集 get to到达 get back返回
8.Turn:
turn into变成 turn off关掉 turn down调低 turn on打开
9.Think:
think of想到 think about考虑 think over仔细考虑
按介词分:
10.Out:
come out出版 turn out被证明是 start out开花 give out分发 make out辨认出 take out取出 set out出发 work out做出
pick out挑选出 put out扑灭 sell out售完 let out放出
look out注意;留神 point out指出
11.Down:
turn down调低 write down写下 cut down砍下 pull down推倒
12.Off:
show off炫耀 go off响起 put off延期 give off散发 take off脱下 set off出发 get off下车 turn off关掉 fall off跌落 keep off阻挡
13.On:
keen on热衷于 rely on依靠 depend on依靠 call on拜访
get on上车 hold on等一等 later on过后;后来 live on靠…维生 operate on给…动手术
14.In:
check in办理登机 fill in填(表格) hand in上交 join in参加
get in进入;收集
15.With:
deal with处理 meet with遭遇 do with处理;处置
16.Up:
go up走上前去 grow up长大 put up举起;挂起 give up放弃
get up起床 hold up举起 set up建立 take up开始从事
重点句型大回放
1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,如:I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如:
His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。如:
Please take the new books to the classroom.
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,如:Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess?
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试比较:
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如:
Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。如:
Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend.
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如:Introduce your family to her.
重点短语快速复习
1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者…或者…,不是…就是…
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢,抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地,反复地
38. wake up 醒来,叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 检查
41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立,单独
47. lots of=a lot of 许多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回来,取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well)
(好好)照顾,照料
56. think of 考虑到,想起
57. keep a diary 坚持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
61. turn off 关
重温重点句型
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也
适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。例如:
He likes playing basketball, and so do I.
他喜欢打篮球,我也喜欢。
Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim.
凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。
注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”
“是呀。”例如:
一Basketball is very popular game in America.
篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。
一So it is.的确如此。
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on the
right/left.
例如:
一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office?
你能告诉我去最近的邮局的路吗?
一Walk along this road,and turn left at the third crossing.
沿着这条路走,在第三个路口向左拐。
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语。例如:
It took me half an hour to finish the hard work.完成这项艰巨的工作花了我半个小时。
4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。例如:
I found it important to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很重要。
5.What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为
“某人怎么了?”例如:
-What’s wrong with your bike?你的自行车出什么毛病了?
一It’s broken.它坏了。
-What’s wrong with you?你怎么了?
一I have a pain in my head.我头痛。
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。例如:
He is so young to go to school.(改为简单句)
→He is too young to go to school.
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换。例如:
This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. (改为简单句)
→This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out.
7.Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。例如:
—My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home.
我母亲病了,因此我必须在家照看她。
—Sorry to hear that.
听到此事我很难过。
重点句型、词组大盘点
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。
[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。
[举例]
1) I used to read in bed.
我过去总是躺在床上看书。
2)Did he use to work into the night? 或 Used he to work into the night?
他以前总是工作到深夜吗?
3)I am used to getting up early.
我习惯早起。
4)Knives are used to cut things.
刀是用来削东西的。
2.…return it sooner or later.
……迟早要将它归还。
[用法]
l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.
[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back。
[举例]
l)He will find his shortcoming sooner or later.
他迟早会发现他的缺点的。
2)When will you return to your hometown? 什么时候回老家?
nbsp;3)I have returned the book to the library. 我已经把书还给图书馆了。
3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。
[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
[举例]
l)No matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well.
无论做什么事,他总是力求做好。
2)No matter what happens, I will take your side.
无论发生什么事,我都将支持你。
3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully.
无论谁做报告,我们都应当认真听。
4)No matter how he goes to work, he is never late.
无论怎么样去上班,他从不迟到。
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。
[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。
[举例]
l)The boy practised making a new sound. 那男孩练习发出新的声音。
2)She practised the piano two hours every day.
她每天练习两个小时的钢琴。
3)We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice. 我们已经制订出计划,现在必须实施。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。
[用法]
1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。
2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。
3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。
[搭配]
1)encourage sb. in sth.
在某事上鼓励或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.
鼓励某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.
使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害
[比较]
1)My parents encourage me in my studies.
我父母亲经常鼓励我学习。
2)The school encouraged the students to practise using the computers.
校方鼓励学生练习使用计算机。
3)Will you take part in the English contest?
你准备参加英语竞赛活动吗?
4)The vegetables were well protected from the cold.
这些蔬莱被保护得好而没受冻。
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。
[搭配]
1)warn sb.+ that从句
nbsp;nbsp;2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.
告诫某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.
告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事
[举例]
1)I warned him that snakes were dangerous. 我警告他,蛇很危险。
2)We are trying to warn children the dangers of smoking.
我们正试图警告孩子们吸烟的危害。
3)Dr Synes warned me to give up my drinking.
Synes 大夫劝我戒酒。
4)The notice warned people against swimming in the pool.
公告告诫人们不要在池塘里游泳
[短语、词组归纳]
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介词短语聚焦]
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。
6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。
10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
[重点句型大回放]
1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“
向某人作介绍”。
[重点短语快速复习]
1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢,抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地,反复地
38. wake up 醒来,叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 检查
41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立,单独
47. lots of=a lot of 许多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回来,取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料
56. think of 考虑到,想起
57. keep a diary 坚持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
61. turn off 关
[重温重点句型]
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。
注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.
4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。
5.What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7.Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。
[重点句型、词组大盘点]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。
[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。
2.…return it sooner or later.
……迟早要将它归还。
[用法] l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.
[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back。
3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。
[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。
[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。
[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。
2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。
3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。
[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。
[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that从句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事
重点句型、词组大盘点 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。 [ 用法 ] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。 [ 搭配 ] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to
do. [ 比较 ] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。 ……
短语总结
1. It’s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了.
It’s time to do sth.(It’s time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了.
2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事.
3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事.
4. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事.
5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事.
6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事.
7. It’s better to do sth最好做某事
8. It’s best to do sth最好做某事
9. enjoy 喜欢做某事
10. finish 结束做某事
11. keep 继续做某事
12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
13. carry on 继续做某事
14. go on 继续做某事
15. feel like 喜欢做某事
16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事.
17. forget/remember to do 与 forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事.
18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事
19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过……
20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事.
21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事.
22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)?
23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关
24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事
25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不……
26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不……
27. such…..that…… 如此….. 以致知于不……
28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间.
29. spend …..on sth.(doing sth.)花钱/时间做某事.
30. pay…..for sth.花费(钱)买某物.
31. What /how about……? …….怎么样(好吗)?
32. would like to do sth .想要/愿意做某事..
33. I don’t think that我认为……不…..
34. Why not do sth.? Why don’t you do sth .?为什么不做某事呢?
35. What do you mean by….?你….是什么意思?
36. What do you think of …..(How do you like ….)你认为….怎么样?
37. Mike enjoys collecting stamps . So do I.迈克喜欢集邮.我也也喜欢.
38. The more, the better . 越多越剧好.
39.
Thanks for doing sth.谢谢你做了某事.
40. It is said that….. 据说……
1. 315
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+ do 3sH中国英语学习网
eg :I like watching monkeys jump 3sH中国英语学习网
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样 3sH中国英语学习网
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 3sH中国英语学习网
4 agree with sb 赞成某人 3sH中国英语学习网
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 3sH中国英语学习网
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 3sH中国英语学习网
7 along with 同……一道,伴随…… 3sH中国英语学习网
eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 3sH中国英语学习网
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 3sH中国英语学习网
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 3sH中国英语学习网
9 as you can see 你是知道的 3sH中国英语学习网
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 3sH中国英语学习网
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 3sH中国英语学习网
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 3sH中国英语学习网
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 3sH中国英语学习网
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 3sH中国英语学习网
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 3sH中国英语学习网
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 3sH中国英语学习网
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 3sH中国英语学习网
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 3sH中国英语学习网
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 3sH中国英语学习网
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 3sH中国英语学习网
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 3sH中国英语学习网
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 3sH中国英语学习网
22 be
allowed to do 被允许做什么 3sH中国英语学习网
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 3sH中国英语学习网
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 3sH中国英语学习网
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 3sH中国英语学习网
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 3sH中国英语学习网
26 be ashamed to 3sH中国英语学习网
27 be away from 远离 3sH中国英语学习网
28 be away from 从……离开 3sH中国英语学习网
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 3sH中国英语学习网
30 be born 出生于 3sH中国英语学习网
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 3sH中国英语学习网
32 be careful 当心;小心 3sH中国英语学习网
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 3sH中国英语学习网
34 be famous for 以……著名 3sH中国英语学习网
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 3sH中国英语学习网
36 be from = come from 来自 3sH中国英语学习网
eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 3sH中国英语学习网
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 3sH中国英语学习网
38 be glad+to+do/从句 3sH中国英语学习网
39 be going to + v(原) 将来时 3sH中国英语学习网
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 3sH中国英语学习网
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 3sH中国英语学习网
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 3sH中国英语学习网
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 3sH中国英语学习网
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 3sH中国英语学习网
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 3sH中国英语学习网
44 be in good
health 身体健康 3sH中国英语学习网
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 3sH中国英语学习网
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 3sH中国英语学习网
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 RPi中国英语学习网
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother RPi中国英语学习网
49 be mad at 生某人的气 RPi中国英语学习网
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) RPi中国英语学习网
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) RPi中国英语学习网
52 be not sure 表不确定 RPi中国英语学习网
53 be on a visit to 参观 RPi中国英语学习网
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 RPi中国英语学习网
55 be quiet 安静 RPi中国英语学习网
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 RPi中国英语学习网
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 RPi中国英语学习网
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you RPi中国英语学习网
59 be sorry to hear that RPi中国英语学习网
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you RPi中国英语学习网
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles RPi中国英语学习网
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 RPi中国英语学习网
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 RPi中国英语学习网
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 RPi中国英语学习网
65 be sure 表确定 RPi中国英语学习网
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well RPi中国英语学习网
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师) RPi中国英语学习网
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 RPi中国英语学习网
69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 RPi中国英语学习网
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… RPi中国英语学习网
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 RPi中国英语学习网
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 RPi中国英语学习网
He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作 RPi中国英语学习网
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 RPi中国英语学习网
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 RPi中国英语学习网
76 because+句子 because of +短语 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache RPi中国英语学习网
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home RPi中国英语学习网
78 between…and… 两者之间 RPi中国英语学习网
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen RPi中国英语学习网
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 RPi中国英语学习网
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth RPi中国英语学习网
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station RPi中国英语学习网
我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 RPi中国英语学习网
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 RPi中国英语学习网
He's bothering me to lend him money RPi中国英语学习网
82 by the end of 到……为止 RPi中国英语学习网
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang RPi中国英语学习网
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 RPi中国英语学习网
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 RPi中国英语学习网
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 RPi中国英语学习网
87 come in 进来 RPi中国英语学习网
88 come over to 过来 RPi中国英语学习网
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗? RPi中国英语学习网
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 RPi中国英语学习网
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州? RPi中国英语学习网
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 RPi中国英语学习网
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 RPi中国英语学习网
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 RPi中国英语学习网
96 do wrong 做错 RPi中国英语学习网
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… RPi中国英语学习网
99 each +名(单)每一个…… eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 RPi中国英语学习网
100 end up +doing RPi中国英语学习网
101 enjoy +doing 喜欢 RPi中国英语学习网
102 escape from 从……逃跑 RPi中国英语学习网
eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来RPi中国英语学习网
Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出 RPi中国英语学习网
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 RPi中国英语学习网
105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 RPi中国英语学习网
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home RPi中国英语学习网
107 find +it
+adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 RPi中国英语学习网
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样? eg : I find the book interesting RPi中国英语学习网
109 finish 完成+doing(名词) RPi中国英语学习网
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 RPi中国英语学习网
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door RPi中国英语学习网
112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her RPi中国英语学习网
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…… RPi中国英语学习网
eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了) RPi中国英语学习网
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了) RPi中国英语学习网
114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job RPi中国英语学习网
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 RPi中国英语学习网
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 RPi中国英语学习网
117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math RPi中国英语学习网
118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 RPi中国英语学习网
119 get sb to do sth RPi中国英语学习网
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 RPi中国英语学习网
121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall RPi中国英语学习网
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 RPi中国英语学习网
123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 RPi中国英语学习网
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 RPi中国英语学习网
125 go out away from go out of RPi中国英语学习网
126 go to school 上学(用于专业的) go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) RPi中国英语学习网
127 good way to 好方法 RPi中国英语学习网
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事 RPi中国英语学习网
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 RPi中国英语学习网
130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 RPi中国英语学习网
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since RPi中国英语学习网
132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来 RPi中国英语学习网
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 RPi中国英语学习网
134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 RPi中国英语学习网
eg: I have a lot
of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 RPi中国英语学习网
I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做 RPi中国英语学习网
135 have to do sth 必须做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 RPi中国英语学习网
137 have…time +doing RPi中国英语学习网
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 RPi中国英语学习网
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
140 help a lot 很大用处 RPi中国英语学习网
141 help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) RPi中国英语学习网
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 RPi中国英语学习网
145 if : 是否=wether RPi中国英语学习网
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会 RPi中国英语学习网
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 RPi中国英语学习网
146 if :如果?!-- 24en.com 中国英语学习网,中国英语第一门户 24en.com -->
偃纾ㄈ拷右话闶碧跫锾泳?amp;nbsp; RPi中国英语学习网
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州 RPi中国英语学习网
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的 RPi中国英语学习网
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国 RPi中国英语学习网
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为 RPi中国英语学习网
148 in some ways 在某些方面 RPi中国英语学习网
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后 RPi中国英语学习网
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ) RPi中国英语学习网
151 in the sun 在太阳下 RPi中国英语学习网
152 increase 增加 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% RPi中国英语学习网
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now RPi中国英语学习网
153 instead of +(名 ) 代替 RPi中国英语学习网
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子 RPi中国英语学习网
I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学 RPi中国英语学习网
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 RPi中国英语学习网
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook RPi中国英语学习网
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 RPi中国英语学习网
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样 RPi中国英语学习网
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样 RPi中国英语学习网
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English RPi中国英语学习网
161
It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意 RPi中国英语学习网
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me RPi中国英语学习网
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了 RPi中国英语学习网
164 join = take part in 参加 RPi中国英语学习网
165 just now 刚才 RPi中国英语学习网
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样? RPi中国英语学习网
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入 RPi中国英语学习网
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 RPi中国英语学习网
169 key to +名词 表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案 RPi中国英语学习网
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙 RPi中国英语学习网
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke RPi中国英语学习网
172 learn by oneslfe 自学 RPi中国英语学习网
173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng RPi中国英语学习网
174 learn to do sth 学做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 RPi中国英语学习网
177 live from :离某地远 RPi中国英语学习网
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan RPi中国英语学习网
179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看 RPi中国英语学习网
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 RPi中国英语学习网
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you RPi中国英语学习网
183 make it early 把时间定的早一点 RPi中国英语学习网
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相 RPi中国英语学习网
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife RPi中国英语学习网
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean RPi中国英语学习网
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样 RPi中国英语学习网
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write
我以前让他写 RPi中国英语学习网
189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成 RPi中国英语学习网
190 make…difference to… RPi中国英语学习网
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 RPi中国英语学习网
192 most +名 most of +代 RPi中国英语学习网
193 much too +形容词 RPi中国英语学习网
194 must be 一定 RPi中国英语学习网
195 need +名词 RPi中国英语学习网
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
197 need to do
(实义动词) need do (情态动词) RPi中国英语学习网
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing RPi中国英语学习网
199 no +名词 RPi中国英语学习网
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭RPi中国英语学习网
201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all RPi中国英语学习网
202 not…at all 一点都不 RPi中国英语学习网
203 not…either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐 RPi中国英语学习网
204 not…until 直到……才…… RPi中国英语学习网
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar RPi中国英语学习网
205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供 RPi中国英语学习网
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水 RPi中国英语学习网
207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上 RPi中国英语学习网
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 RPi中国英语学习网
209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 RPi中国英语学习网
210 on time 准时 in time 及时 RPi中国英语学习网
211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天 RPi中国英语学习网
212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 RPi中国英语学习网
213 one to another 一个到另一个 RPi中国英语学习网
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin RPi中国英语学习网
215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 RPi中国英语学习网
216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱 ,付钱 RPi中国英语学习网
217 please +do RPi中国英语学习网
218 please help yourself RPi中国英语学习网
219 pleased with sb RPi中国英语学习网
220 pool into = pore into RPi中国英语学习网
221 practice +doing 练习做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理 RPi中国英语学习网
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车 RPi中国英语学习网
prefer to do sth rather than do
sth 宁愿做…也不愿 RPi中国英语学习网
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车 RPi中国英语学习网
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 RPi中国英语学习网
223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作 RPi中国英语学习网
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 RPi中国英语学习网
224 rather…than 宁可……也不…… RPi中国英语eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师 RPi中国英语学习网
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫 RPi中国英语学习网
225 regard…as 把……当作…… RPi中国英语学习网
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候 RPi中国英语学习网
I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 RPi中国英语学习网
He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人 RPi中国英语学习网
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭 RPi中国英语学习网
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校 RPi中国英语学习网
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother RPi中国英语学习网
228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 RPi中国英语学习网
229 say to oneself 对自己说 RPi中国英语学习网
230 say to sb 对某人说 RPi中国英语学习网
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 RPi中国英语学习网
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 RPi中国英语学习网
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are RPi中国英语学习网
235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy RPi中国英语学习网
237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 RPi中国英语学习网
238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去? RPi中国英语学习网
239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh ,
It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳 RPi中国英语学习网
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book. RPi中国英语学习网
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me RPi中国英语学习网
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her. RPi中国英语学习网
243 some…others… 一些……另一些…… RPi中国英语学习网
244 start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始 RPi中国英语学习网
245 stay away from 远离…… RPi中国英语学习网
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物 RPi中国英语学习网
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥,你最好远离甜食 RPi中国英语学习网
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 RPi中国英语学习网
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 RPi中国英语学习网
250 such +名 这样 ,这种 RPi中国英语学习网
251 suit sb 适合某人 RPi中国英语学习网
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 RPi中国英语学习网
253 take classes 上课 RPi中国英语学习网
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital RPi中国英语学习网
255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步 RPi中国英语学习网
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him RPi中国英语学习网
③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于…… RPi中国英语学习网
257 talk with sb 和某人说话 RPi中国英语学习网
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story RPi中国英语学习网
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 RPi中国英语学习网
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么 RPi中国英语学习网
263 tell…from… RPi中国英语学习网
264 thank you for +doing RPi中国英语学习网
265 the same +名词(doing)+as…… RPi中国英语学习网
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同 RPi中国英语学习网
267 the way to do sth = the way of doing sth 做某方面 的方法 the way to +地方 去哪的路 RPi中国英语学习网
e g : Do you know the way to learn English RPi中国英语学习 Do you know the way of learning English RPi中国英语学习网
268 the way to…(地点) 到哪的路 RPi中国英语学习网
269 too…to… 太怎样而不能…… adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句 太… 所以… RPi中国英语学习网
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school RPi中国英语学习网
He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school RPi中国英语学习网
270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese RPi中国英语学习网
271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游 RPi中国英语学习网
272 try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 eg: I will try my best to learn English well RPi中国英语学习网
273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了 RPi中国英语学习网
eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去
274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下
RPi中国英语学习网
275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大 RPi中国英语学习网
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 RPi中国英语学习网
277 upside down 倒着 RPi中国英语学习网
278 visit to… 参观某个地方 RPi中国英语学习网
279 wait for sb 等某人 RPi中国英语学习网
280 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么 wait for sb 等某人 wait for sometime 等多少时间 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : Would you please wait for me to get ready 等我准备好,好吗? RPi中国英语学习网
Let's wait for the rain to stop 让我们等雨停吧 RPi中国英语学习网
281 wake sb up 把某人叫醒 RPi中国英语学习网
282 want to do sth 想做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
283 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
284 welcome to +…(地方) 欢迎到…… RPi中国英语学习网
285 what about +n /doing eg : what about an apple RPi中国英语学习网
286 what if 如果……怎么办 What if +句子 RPi中国英语学习网
eg : What if it is true ? 如果是真的怎么办? RPi中国英语学习网
What if aliens should come to the earth 假如外星人来到地球怎么办? RPi中国英语学习网
287 what they will do = what to do RPi中国英语学习网
288 What's the matter ? = What's the trouble ? = What's wrong ? 有什么困难? RPi中国英语学习网
289 while +延续性动词 RPi中国英语学习网
290 why don't you do = why not do RPi中国英语学习网
291 will you please do will you please not do RPi中国英语学习网
292 with one's best = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 RPi中国英语学习网
293 with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 with one's help RPi中国英语学习网
294 work at…在某处工作 RPi中国英语学习网
295 work with sb 和某人一起工作 RPi中国英语学习网
296 would like sth /to do sth eg : I would like to go to LuZhou RPi中国英语学习网
297 would you please +do RPi中国英语学习网
298 yet :至今 ,用在否定句中 RPi中国英语学习网
299 you'd better do 最好做某事 = you'd better not do 最好不要做某事 RPi中国英语学习网
300 不定式 +v(原) RPi中国英语学习网
301
联系动词(taste吃起来/sound听起来/look看起来/semll闻起来)+adj RPi中国英语学习网
302 名词、副词、 形容词修饰 enongh 时, 形容词放在之前 、名词 副词放在后 RPi中国英语学习网
303 太多 too much +不可数 too many +可数 much too 相当于 very ,修饰形容词 RPi中国英语学习网
304 向宾语提问:Whom RPi中国英语学习网
305 向地点提问:Where RPi中国英语学习网
306 向方式提问:How RPi中国英语学习网
307 向价格和不可数名词提问:How much RPi中国英语学习网
308 向可数名词提问:How many RPi中国英语学习网
309 向频率提问: How often RPi中国英语学习网
310 向时间段提问:How long RPi中国英语学习网
311 向时间提问:what time/when RPi中国英语学习网
312 向物主代词提问:Whose RPi中国英语学习网
313 向职业提问:what do/does……do RPi中国英语学习网
314 向主语提问: Who RPi中国英语学习网RPi中国英语学习网
C:中考知识点 -----句子
一、中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1、掌握陈述句、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;
2、掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;
3、掌握由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别;
4、掌握状语从句、宾语从句的构成形式、基本用法及意义,对从句的要求如下:
(1)掌握时间和条件状语从句中的时态与主句时态的搭配
(2)掌握宾语从句的语序及其时态与主句时态的呼应
5、了解定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法
二、句子考查点分项说明:
1、掌握陈述句、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法
一、陈述句:
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。
Tom has a new car.汤姆有辆新车。
The flower isn’t beautiful.这花不美。
二、陈述句否定式的构成
1. 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.他正在弹吉他。(肯定)
He is not playing the guitar.他不在弹吉他。(否定)
We can get there before dark.天黑前我们能够到达那里。(肯定)
We can’t get thee before dark.天黑前我们不能到达那里。(否定)
2. 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.他小提琴拉的很好。(肯定)
He doesn’t play the violin well.他小提琴拉的不好。(否定)
She won the game.她赢得了比赛。(肯定)
She didn’t win the game.她没赢比赛。(否定)
三、祈使句:
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句:
(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
Be quiet.请安静。
You be quiet! 你给我安静点!
(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
Do come back at once! 务必立即返回!
Do be careful.务必小心。
(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。
Open the window, please.请打开窗户。
(4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。
Let Jack wait a minute.让杰克等一会。
Let’s go to school.我们上学去吧。
(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者,而Let us不包括说话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
Let’s go skating, shall we? 咱们去溜冰吧,好吗?(表示内部的建议)
Let us try again, will you? 让我们再试一次,好吗?(表示向别人发出请求)
2、掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法
一、一般疑问句:
(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式
一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
Do you know Mr. Smith? 你认识史密斯先生吗?
Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
(2)一般疑问句的否定结构
① 在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。
② 与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。
Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?
Yes, I am. 是的,我是。
No, I am not. 不,我不是。
Won’t she like it? 她会不喜欢吗?
Yes, she will. 是的,她会(喜欢)的。
No, she won’t. 不,她不会(喜欢)的。
二、特殊疑问句
用疑问代词疑问形容词或疑问副词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。 注意
常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose
常见的疑问形容词有what, which, whose
常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how
常用的特殊疑问句
询问内容
疑问词或句型
例 句
回 答
职业,身份
what
What is your father?
He is a doctor.
姓名或关系
who
Who is that boy?
He is Jack.
He is my brother
相貌特征
what…like?
What is she like?
What does she look like?
She is beautiful.
目的
what…for?
What did they come here
To attend a
for?
meeting.
原因
why
Why did they come here?
Because they have a meeting to attend.
天气
how
what…like?
How is the weather today?
What is the weather like today?
It’s fine.
颜色
what color…?
What dolor is her skirt?
It’s red.
服装尺寸
what size
What size does he wear?
He wars 40.
几点钟
what time
What time is it?
It’s 7:30.
星期几
what day
What day is today?
It’s Tuesday.
几号,日期
what is the date…?
What is the date today?
It’s May 2.
年龄(多大)
how old
How old is he?
He is 38.
持续多长时间(多久)
how long
How long have you been here?
For five months.
长度(多长)
how long
How long is the bridge?
It’s 500 metres.
距离(多远)
how far
How far is it from here to the zoo?
It’s 6 kilometres.
频度
(多经常)
how often
How often do you come back?
Once a week.
时间经过
(多快)
how soon
How soon will she arrive?
In an week.
数量
(多少)
how many(可数名词)
how much(不可数名词)
How many jackets do you have?
How much coffee do you want?
Three.
Two cups.
价格
how much
How much is it?
How much does it cost?
Five dollars.
高度
(多高)
how tall(人,树)
how high(山,建筑物)
How tall is she?
How high is the tower?
She’s 1.73 metres.
It’s 450 metres.
3. 选择疑问句:
选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。
选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。
Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。
Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。
Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.
4. 反意疑问句:
反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。
(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。
I am your teacher, aren’t I? 我是你的老师,对吗?
He didn’t study hard, did he? 他学习不努力,对吗?
(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。如:
They hardly write to each other, do they? 他们几乎不给对方写信,是吗?
He has found nothing, has he? 他什么也没有找到,是吗?
Few people knew the secret, did they? 很少有人知道这个秘密,是吗?
(3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。
You won’t be away for long, will you?你不会离开太久,是吗?
Yes, I will.不,我会离开很久。 No, I won’t.是的,我不会离开很久。
I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she?我认为她不会骑自行车,会吗?
Yes, she will.不,她会骑自行车来。 No, she won’t.是的,她不会骑自行车来。
3、掌握由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。
1. what引导的感叹句:
(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
What a beautiful city it is!多么美丽的一个城市啊!
What an interesting story she told!她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊!
(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
What expensive watches they are!多贵的手表啊!
What terrible weather it is!多么恶劣的天气啊!
2.How引导的感叹句:
(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How cold it is! 多冷啊!
How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How he loves his son! 他多么爱他的儿子啊!
How I miss you! 我多想你啊!
(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How tall a tree it is! 多么高的一棵树啊!
How they cried! 他们哭得多伤心啊!
4、掌握状语从句、宾语从句的构成形式、基本用法及意义,对从句的要求如下:
(一)掌握时间和条件状语从句中的时态与主句时态的搭配
(1)时间状语从句:
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当……时候),while(当,在……过程中),since(自从……以来),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),tell/until(直到……时),as soon as(一……就)。如果主句为一般将来时,则时间状语从句只能用一般现在时表示将来的意义。
He was reading the newspaper when I came in.当我进来时,他正在读报纸。
Keep an eye on my cat while I am away.我不在时,请照看一下我的猫。
Don’t talk so loud while others are studying.别人学习时不要大声说话。
It has been five years since she went abroad.她出国已有五年了。
He died before his son came back.他在他儿子回来之前就去世了。
I’ll show him around our factory as soon as he arrives.他一到达我就领他参观我们的工厂。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就告诉他。
(2) 条件状语从句:引导条件状语从句的从属连词是if(如果)。如果主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句只能用一般现在时。
If you stay at home, I’ll go.如果你呆在家里,我就走。
If we don’t get up early, we won’t catch the train.如果我们不早起,我们就赶不上火车。
(2)掌握宾语从句的语序及其时态与主句时态的呼应
(一)宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序。尤其是在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时必须特别注意:
(1) 当宾语从句原为陈述句时,用that引导,语序不变。(注意时态的一致)
Tom isn’t a good student. The teacher told us…→
The teacher told us Tom wasn’t a good student.老师告诉我们汤姆不是一个好学生。
He has given up smoking. She said…→
She said he had given up smoking.她说他已经戒烟了。
(2) 当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时,用whether或if连接,语序变为陈述语序。
Is Jim a doctor? I wonder…→
I wonder whether Jim is a doctor.我想知道吉姆是否是个医生。
Does she dance well? Can you tell me…→
Can you tell me if she dances well?你能告诉我她舞跳的是否好吗?
(3) 当宾语从句原为特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问词即为连接词,语序变为陈述语序。
She asked me where you were going.她问我你去哪里。
She wondered what he wanted to do.她不知道他想干什么。
(二)宾语从句的时态:
宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。
(1) 如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时),宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。
I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已经来了。(现在完成时)
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。(一般将来时)
I don’t know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。(现在进行时)
I have heard the window was broken by John.我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的。
(2) 如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态(即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等)
He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。(过去将来时)
She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。(过去完成时)
Mary was wondering who could answer the question.
玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。(一般过去时)
I didn’t told them where you were having the meeting.
我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。(过去进行时)
(3) 如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等,则不管这句是何种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。
Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。
She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她说患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
5、了解定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法
(一)定语在句中是用来修饰名词或代词的,一般由形容词或与之相当的其它词类来充当。如果起修饰作用的是一个句子的时候,就叫作定语从句。但定语从句不是象形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。
(二)定语从句的引导词有关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 和关系副词 when, where, why, how。
1. that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。
I like the book (that) you lent me yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。
2.which的先行词只能是物。
The book shop is a shop which sells book. 书店是销售书的商店。
The book (which) I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
3. who 在定语从句中作主语; whom 是 who 的宾格,在定语从句中作宾语;而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语。
The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend
昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。
Who's that woman (whom) you just talked to?
你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?
This is our classmate, Mary, whose home is not far from our school.
这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。
4. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. 那是我们曾经住了十年的房子。
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
(三)除关系代词外,还有关系副词when,where,why等也能引导定语从句。
1. when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall
我永远也不会忘记我第一次到达长城的那天。
2. where 则指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where the old man lives. 这就是那位老人住的房子。
3.why用来指原因,作原因状语。
That’s the reason why he didn’t come yesterday. 那就是他昨天为什么没有来的原因。
三、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Do you know daughter she is?
A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
2. They wondered if the teacher them some English songs the next week.
A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught
3. He asked picture was John’s.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
4. He told me Paris is the capital of France.
A. which B. the C. that D. what
5. I’ll go there by bike it is fine tomorrow.
A. whether B. that C. what D. if
6. I will write to you I get there.
A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since
7. Please answer the question in a loud enough voile all the class may hear.
A. so, that B. so that C. and D. or
8. I have that I don’t know which one I should borrow.
A. such many books B. so many books.
C. such much books D. so much books
9. it was blowing heavily, the farmers went on working in the fields.
A. Though, × B. Though, but C. Because, × D. Because, so
10. He asked me during the summer holiday.
A. where I had gone B. where I had been
C. where had I gone D. where had I been
11. Please give the message to him when you .
A. see him B. will see him C. saw him D. are going to see him
12. Can you tell us ?
A. if your father does B. what does your father do
C. your father does what D. what your father does
13. He asked me if I knew .
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it
14. She had cleaned the room her mother came home.
A. after B. before C. as soon as D. if
15. There are heavy clouds in the sky it is going to rain.
A. if B. that C. as if D. whether
16. This is the place I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
17. You may do it yourself leave it to me.
A. either…or B. neither…nor C. whether…or D. both…and
18. Do you know ?
A. what are you listening B. what you are listening
C. what you are listening to D. what are you listening to
19. It ten years since I taught in the school.
A. will B. was C. has D. is
20. —Do you know ?
—Yes. He is a teacher.
A, whom he is B. whom is he C. what is he D. what he is
二、按要求转变句型
1. Lucy has finished the work.(改为一般疑问句)
2. She used to wear white skirt.(改为否定句)
3 I think Jack is a good student.(改为否定句)
4. There is something wrong with my watch.(改为否定句)
5. The tree is very tall.(改为感叹句,How~)
6. The cock gets up very early.(改为感叹句)
7. He wish to be a teacher.(改为感叹句)
8. Come back at once.(改为否定句)
9. The boy doesn’t like dancing.(改为一般疑问句)
10. You mustn’t smoke in the classroom.(改为祈使句)
11. This is a very interesting story.(改为感叹句)
12. It’s very bad news.(改为感叹句)
13. Shall we go out for a walk?(改为祈使句)
14. She’s gone to Paris.(改为反意疑问句)
15. Rose seldom goes skating.(改为反意疑问句)
16. We don’t believe Jack has stolen your money.(改为反意疑问句)
17. There is nothing left.(改为反意疑问句)
18. I am dishonest.(改为反意疑问句)
19. Be careful!(改为反意疑问句)
20. Let’s sing the English song.(改为反意疑问句)
四、巩固练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D
二、按要求转化句型
1. Has Lucy finished the work?
2. She didn’t use to wear white skirt.
3. I don’t think Jack is a good student.
4. There is nothing wrong with my watch./There isn’t anything wrong with my watch.
5. How tall the tree is!
6. How early the cock gets up!
7. How he wish to be a teacher!
8. Don’t come back at once.
9. The boy doesn’t like dancing, does he?
10. Don’t smoke in the classroom.
11. What an interesting story this is!
How interesting a story this is!
12. What bad news it is!
13. Let’s go out for a walk.
14. She’s gone to Paris, hasn’t she?
15. Rose seldom goes skating, does she?
16. We don’t believe Jack has stolen your money, has he?
17. There is nothing left, is there?
18. I am dishonest, aren’t I?
19. Be careful, will you?
20. Let’s sing the English song, shall we?
英语作文常用谚语、俗语
1、 A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.
2、 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。
2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
一知半解,自欺欺人。
3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。
4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。
7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。
9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
10、A friend is easier lost than found.
得朋友难,失朋友易。
11、A good beginning is half done.
良好的开端是成功的一半。
12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。
13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。
14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。
16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
一天一苹果,不用请医生。
17、A single flower does not make a spring.
一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。
18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
20、Better late than never. 不怕慢,单怕站。
21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实,
22、Care and diligence bring luck.
谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。
23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。
24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。
25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯,事事皆不难。
26、Doing is better than saying.
与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在行动上。
27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。
28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事,今日毕。
29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
不要自找麻烦。
30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。
31、Easier said than done. 说得容易,做得难。
32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆,去也匆匆。
33、Eat to live, but not live to eat.
人吃饭是为了活着,但活着不是为了吃饭。
34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤,人无完人。
35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
自己的命运自己掌握。
36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。
37、Each coin has two sides.
38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。
41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。
42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。
43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。
44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量
46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。
47、No pain, no gain.(不劳无获。)
48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试,不知晓。。
49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。
51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起,使人健康、富裕和聪颖。
52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。
53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
54、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
55、Practice makes perfect .(熟能生巧。)
56、Pride goes before a fall.(骄傲必败。)