人教版英语中考动词辅导策略与习题专练试题　全套 79页

中考动词辅导策略与习题专练 在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样，这与汉语截然不同，故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。英语中动词分四类，即：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。如何进行中考辅导？‎ 一、实义动词 ‎﹙一﹚理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。 ‎ ‎1．谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及 主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：‎ 时态语态 主 动 语 态 被 动 　　 语 态 备　　　注 一般现在时 原 形 或 三单 is/am/are﹢过去　　　分词　‎ 划线：助动词 一般过去时 过　　　　去　　　　式 was/were ﹢过去　　　分词 同上 现在进行时 is/am/are ﹢ 现在分词 is/am/are﹢being﹢过去分词　　　‎ 同上 过去进行时 was/were ﹢ 现在分词 was/were ﹢being﹢过去分词　　　‎ 同上 一般将来时 will/ shall﹢动　原 will/shall﹢be ﹢ 过去分词 同上 be going to﹢动　原 be going to﹢be ﹢过去分词 Be：is/am/are 过去将来时 would/shoud﹢动　原 would/shoud﹢be﹢过去分词 划线：助动词 be going to﹢动　原 begoing to﹢be﹢过去分词 Be：was/were 现在完成时 have/has　﹢过去分词 have/has ﹢been﹢过去分词 划线：助动词 过去完成时 had ﹢　　过去分词 had ﹢ been ﹢ 过去分词 同上 含情态动词 情态动词　﹢　动　原 情态动词﹢be ﹢　过去分词 ‎2．非谓语形式：‎ ‎⑴．不定式 ‎①意义：‎ 动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语﹙动词宾语﹚、宾语补足语、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚、状语。‎ ‎②．构成：不定式= to﹢动词原形 ‎③．否定结构= not to do sth ‎④．复合结构= for sb.﹙not﹚ to do sth ‎⑤．与疑问词连用：如what to do ‎⑥．在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看﹙look see watch﹚两听﹙listen ‎ ‎ hear﹚一感觉﹙feel﹚，注意﹙notice﹚使﹙make﹚让﹙let have﹚帮﹙help﹚‎ ‎→可不省。‎ ‎⑦．形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it 来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it”叫形式主语。‎ ‎ ⑵．动名词 ‎①．意义：‎ 动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语﹙包括介词宾语和动词宾语﹚、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚等。‎ ‎②．构成：动名词=V+ing ‎③. 否定结构= not doing sth ‎④. 复合结构=one’﹙ not﹚doing sth ‎⑶．现在分词 ‎①．意义：‎ 动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。‎ ‎②．用法：‎ 常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。‎ ‎⑷．过去分词 ‎①．意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。‎ ‎②．用法：常作定语﹙单个词前置，短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。‎ ‎3．举例说明：‎ ‎ ⑴.I want①to give up②studying③at school to look after ④ my sick mother at home.‎ 点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般现在时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→动名词。④非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。‎ ‎ ⑵．The teacher told①us not to forget②to turn off③the lights when we left④ the room 点拨：①作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。④作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。‎ ‎ ﹙3﹚Look, There is① a boy taking down② a picture put up③on the wall.‎ 点拨：①作谓语→一般现在时。②非谓语→相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动→现在分词.③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→表示被动→过去分词.‎ ‎﹙二﹚．既要求同亦要寻异 凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握 实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用 法，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意：‎ ‎ 1．介词﹢动名词 如：You can watch TV ‎ after fishing your homework.‎ ‎ 2．动词﹙词组﹚﹢动名词 这样的动词有：‎ give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 ‎ stop sb.fro m doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 ‎ enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 fini sh doing 做完某事 ‎ complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 ‎ mind doing 介意做某事 spend…﹙in﹚doing 花费时间做某事 can’t sta nd doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事 be worth doing 值得做某事 ‎ appreciate doing 感激做某事 avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to ‎ doing 习惯做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to ‎ doing 习惯做某事 excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事 carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书 ‎ make a ‎ countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳 为做某事做贡献 look ‎ forward to doing盼望做某事 prefer doing to doing与做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳课 更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事 stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位 consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事 miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议 ‎3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同：‎ ‎⑴.like/love/hate ① doing：表示习惯 例：I like getting up early every morning. ‎ ② to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me ?‎ ‎⑵．Stop ① doing：停止做某事﹙某事不做了﹚例：Please stop working if you are tired.‎ ② to do：停下来去做某事﹙某事要做﹚例：I am tired to have a rest.‎ ‎ ⑶．go on ① doing：继续做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades. ‎ ② to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college.‎ ‎⑷.remember ① doing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.‎ ② to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room.‎ ‎⑸.forget ‎ ① doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere ‎ ② to do：忘记要做的事 例：Don’t forget to turn off the light when leaving the room ‎⑥.need/want/require ① doing：表示被动 例The blackboard needs cleaning﹦The blackboard needs to be ‎ ‎ cleaned.‎ ② to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest.‎ ‎⑺.try ‎ ① doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you.‎ ‎② to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time.‎ ‎⑻.continue ① doing：继续做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better ‎ grades.‎ ② to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college.‎ ‎ ⑼.can’t help ① doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he can’t help jumping.‎ ② to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry, I can’t help to do it for you. ‎ ‎⑽.mean ‎ ①.doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now.‎ ‎ ②. to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow.‎ ‎⑾.agree ①. on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. ‎ ②. to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday.‎ ‎⑿ .decide ‎ ①. on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on.‎ ‎ ②．to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study.‎ ‎⒀.encourage ①. doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the ‎ environment ②. sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard.‎ ‎⒁.allow ①. doing：允许做某事例：We don’t allow smoking here ②. sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We don’t allow you to smoke here ‎⒂.advise ①. doing：建议做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow.‎ ②. sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.‎ ‎⒃‎ ‎.permit ①. doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.‎ ②. sb. to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter.‎ ‎ ⒄.begin/start 开始做某事 ‎ ①.doing：“doing” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态 例：Let’s begin running.‎ ‎ ②. to do：“do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时 例：I b egan to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to ‎ rain.‎ ‎⒅.plan ①. on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year.‎ ②. to do计划做某事 例：：We have decided to build a school next year.‎ ‎﹙三﹚. 再现要点，筛取重点，各个击破，做到目标明确，有的放矢。即：将初中三年以来所学过有关实义动词的要点归纳总结，以书面或幻灯形式出示给学生，自己提取难点，教师指导，逐一突破。‎ ‎ A aim at 针对…agree with sb. 同意某人的意见或建议ask for请求、索要 add…to…把…和…加起来 ask for a ride 搭车ask for a day off请一天假 achieve a victory取得胜利 acount for公布、宣布…arrive in到达﹙大地方﹚ arrive at到达﹙小地方﹚ argue with 与…争吵apologize to 向…道歉 B be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 break up with sb.与某人断绝关系 be used for doing被用来做某事 be used to do被用来做某事 break out 爆发believe in信任 begin/start with以…开始 belong to属于… built …into…把…建成… base on以…为基础 break off解散解雇 break down 破坏borrow… from …向借bring sb.sth. 把某物给某人带来bring sth. to sb. 把某物给某人带来beg your parden 再重复一遍break the rule违规 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事break into破门而入 buy sb. sth.给某人买某物 buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 C come into being形成、出现 come true变为现实come for a visit来参观come on 过来、跟着来come down with抵御、抑制come back回来come out of 从…里出来come to do sth.逐渐做某事come back from work下班回来come about 发生come from来自… come here 来这里come home来到家 come to到…来 come along出现、发生 come over过来 come into进入…里 come in 进来come out出来come out of从…里出来come up to 向…走来come to the party 来参加聚会catch up with 赶上…catch a fire着火catch hold of抓住…catch a bus赶公共汽车 cut up 切碎cut in half切成半cut off切断﹙电源、水源﹚cut in line插队 care for关心、关爱care about在意…call for号召call on拜访 call out呼喊 call up给…打电话call sb. at some number给某人大某个号码 calm down 镇静下来 communicate with 与…交流complain about 抱怨…can’ t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事clean up 清理、打扫干净carry out 执行click on 点击connect …to… 把…和…连起来chat on line网上聊天check over检查 D drop by 顺便拜访drop out of school辍学drop litter丢垃圾do an experiment 做实验do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术do sth. in person亲自做某事 do business做生意 do exercise 做操do with处理 do wrong 做错事do one’s homework做作业 do some sports做运动 do well in对…学得好 do one’lesson 做功课do the dishes 洗餐具 do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事 do one’sresolution 做决定要做的事do harm to对…有危害 do some cleaning 扫除do some reading读书 do some shopping购物do some cooking做饭 do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做杂务 deal with 处理disagree with sb.不同意某人意见describe… as …把…描绘为…die of 死于﹙直接内因，如疾病、饥渴﹚die from死于﹙间接外因，如车祸、天灾﹚die out 灭绝drive sb. crazy使某人发疯drive to…开车去… divide… into…把…分成…depend on依赖…decide on﹙doing﹚sth. dry out干涸 dry up 烘干dream of 梦想…draw up起草、拟定 dress sb. 给某人穿衣dress in穿着dress up打扮beat sb.赢了某人 ‎ E ‎ e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件 educate sb. to do sth.教育某人做某事enjoy oneself 玩得愉快enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事end up doing sth.结束做某事 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事encourage doing sth. 鼓励做某事encourage sb. to sth.鼓励某人做某事 express sb. sth.= express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事 eat up吃光 ‎ F fall over摔倒、倒塌 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with爱上、迷恋 fight against与…作斗争 follow the rules 遵守规则fail the exam考试不及格 find out查明﹙原因、真相﹚ feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放风筝fly to乘飞机去… fit into … 适应… fill in =fill out 填充填写 fill…with…用…填…feel sorry for因…而难过 forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事finish doing sth.做完某事fold the clothes叠衣服 ‎ G get here/there到这里﹙那里﹚ get home到家 get on 上﹙车、船、飞机等﹚get off下﹙车、船、飞机等﹚ get up起来、起床 get down 取下get to sleep 入睡get sb.sth.=get sth. for sb.给某人取某物 get good grades 取得好成绩get out one’way to do sth. 特地做某事get rid of 除掉…get to到达 get out of 从…里出来get into 进入get in the way of妨碍 get together 集会 get into trouble陷入困境 get out of trouble 脱离困境get used to﹙doing﹚sth.习惯﹙做﹚某事 get to do sth.着手做某事 get ready for为…做准备 get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境 get away from远离…get a sore ‎ back 背痛get back to sb. 过会儿与某人通话﹙打电话用语﹚get on/along well with 与相处…融洽 get to know认识 get married结婚 get in touch with 与…取得联系go to… 去…go home 回家go there去那里 go back回去 go out 出去go out for…出去做… go down/along 沿着…走go to school上学 go to college 上大学go to the doctor’去医务室go to the cinema 去看电影go across…穿过…﹙平面﹚ go to work上班 go bad变坏 go by流逝﹙时间﹚ go to the lessons去上课 go to the party去聚会 go one’own way走自己的路 go for a walk 去散步go sightseeing去观光 go the same way同路 go away 走开go to sleep 入睡go to bed 上床睡觉go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on with继续…go shopping 去购物go hiking 去远足 go abroad 出国go over复习 go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼 go on a trip去从事旅游 go in for sports进行体育运动 give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人 give in﹙doing﹚sth.屈服﹙做﹚某事 give up﹙doing﹚sth.放弃﹙做﹚某事 give away 赠送give out 颁发give back 归还 give off 发出﹙气味等﹚give sb. some advice给某人提建议 give a talk作报告give lessons to sb. 给某人上课give sb. a good beating 好好教训某人一下give back 归还give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙 grow up 长大 H have a good time 玩得愉快have a discussion 进行讨论have a party 举行聚会have a meeting 开会have nothing to do with与…无关 have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难have trouble doing sth. 费力做某事have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb./sth. doing .让某人/某物一直做…have sb.done 请某人做某事 have fun玩得愉快 have a fever 发烧have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a stamachache胃痛 have a toothache牙痛 have fun doing sth.愉快地做某事 have noodles for lunch 午饭吃面条have a match 举行比赛have a fight with与…比赛、斗争 have no idea of不知道… have a hard time doing sth. 艰难地做某事 have sth. to do with 与…有关 have an accident 发生事故have supper 吃晚饭have class上课 have water喝水 have a conversation with 与…会话have a look at 看一下… have a talk with与…谈话 have a problem with做某事有疑难have difficulty doing . 费力做某事have a good trip路途愉快 have a try 试一下have a laugh at 嘲笑.… have a pity on sb.同情某人 have a rest 休息一下 hear of 听说hear from 收到…的来信hands up举手 hand in上交 hand out分发 hand …to …把…递给…hold up 抓住、握住hold a meeting 举行会议 hold a game 举行比赛hold an exhibition举行展览 happen to do sth.恰巧做某事 hurry up 赶快 hurry off 匆忙离开 help oneself to sth. 随便用…help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 ‎ I It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 insist on doing sth..坚持做某事 ‎ J Join in 穿着join together团结起来join the army 参军join the party入党 ‎ K Keep out不让进入keep down 压低﹙音量等﹚keep a pet 饲养宠物keep in good mood 保持好心情keep on doing一直做某事 keep healthy保持健康 keep in good health保持健康 keep up with跟上… keep sb. doing使某人一直做某事 keep off 防御 keep in touch with与…保持联系 knock at=knock on敲…‎ ‎ L Learn …by oneself 自学… learn…from …向…学习 learn …by heart 记住…leave for离开去某处leave sth. somewhere 把某物忘在某处leave school毕业 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信 lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 lead to导致 live on…以…为生 live a happy life 过着幸福的生活look after照看… look for 寻找…look down on 藐视…look up查找﹙字词等﹚ look over检查﹙身体等﹚ look forward to盼望…look on …as 把看作…look at看… look like 看起来像… look around环顾 look out当心 look out of 向…外面看look through 浏览look the same 看起来一样look inside向…里面看 like…better较喜欢 like…best 最喜欢 like to do sth.喜欢做某事﹙具体活动﹚ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事﹙习惯﹚laugh at嘲笑喜欢做某事﹙具体活动﹚lose touch with与…失去联系let sb. in 让某人进去lie dowm躺下 ‎ M Make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归 make one’s mind to do sth. 决心做某事make a face 做鬼脸make money挣钱 make fools of sb.愚弄某人 make a journey旅行 make progress 取得进步make a countribution to为…做贡献 make a noise 吵闹 make a mistake 犯错误make …of…由…制作…﹙看出原材料﹚‎ make …from …由…制作…﹙看不出原材料﹚ make up… of …由…组成…make a plan 定计划make one’s bed 整理床铺make a report 编写报告 make sure of确信…make use of 利用…make a sentence with用…造句 make a decision做出决定 make success 取得成功make oneself understood 表达自己的意思make a teleohone to sb.给…打电话 make a survey of 调查…make preparation for 为…做准备make friends with与交朋友make a living谋生 make a comment about评论… major in专修 ‎ match …with … 把…和…搭配起来move to搬到… mention sb. sth.=mention sth.to sb. 向某人提到某事mistake…for…把…错认为…meet with 遇到﹙困难、麻烦等﹚mix up混合 N Name sb./sth.X把某人/某物叫做X O Offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物提供给某人 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事open up完全打开 P play football 踢足球play chess 下棋play cards打牌play bridge打桥牌 play the guitar 弹吉他play the violin弹小提琴 play sports 做运动play games 玩游戏play with 玩耍…play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑play the CD.播放CD. play the music 播放音乐 play a part in在…中扮演角色 play a role of ‎ 扮演…的角色play against与…比赛play hide-and-seek捉迷藏 pay for付…款 pay attention to 注意…pass﹙on﹚sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给pass the exam 通过考试pass by路过… put on穿上、上映 put away把…收拾起来 put…into… 把…放入…里put up举起、张贴 put out熄灭put off 推迟prevent sb.﹙from﹚doing sth.阻止某人做某事 prefer to do rather than do与做另一件事相比更喜欢做某事 prefer﹙doing﹚sth. to ﹙doing﹚sth. 与…相比更喜欢…poin to 指向poin at 指着poin out指出 provode sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物 practice doing sth.练习做某事 place an order for…定购…pick up捡起、拾起 R run away 逃跑run after 追赶run out of 用光、从…里跑出来run over to…跑过去到… run on…靠…运行 read sth. to sb.把某物读给某人听 read sth. for sb.替某人读某物 receive a letter from… 收…到来信rain heavily 下大雨ride a bike骑自行车 rise up升起 raise money 筹集资金refer to涉及、提到 regard… as…把…看作…reach out 伸出﹙手等﹚‎ ‎ S send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人send up发射 send an e-mail 发送电子邮件send for…派人请…send …for…派…请… send into 送入…里send away驱逐 send off解雇 shake hands with与…握手 stick…into…把…插入…里 stick doing sth.坚持做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stare at 盯着… sell out买光 sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb.把某物买给某人 sell sth. for money卖某物赚钱 see a doctor 看医生see sb. off为某人送行 see a film 看电影say goodbye to sb.向某人告别say hello to sb.向某人问好set up 竖立、建造set up one’s mind on sth.全神贯注于… speak of 讲到speak highly of 称颂…speak English 讲英语 search…for…搜索…来寻找…start to do sth.着手做某事start with …以…开始 spend﹙time/money﹚on sth.= spend﹙time/money﹚﹙in﹚doing sth.花费﹙时间/金钱﹚做某事 spend time with sb. 和某人呆在一起sort…into…把…划分成… show sb.sth.=show sth. to sb.把某物给某人看 show sb. around somewhere领某人参观某处show up 露面 stay in bed 呆在床上slow down减速 smile at对…微笑 suit sb.适合某人 share…with… 与…分享…stay up 熬夜stand for代表… stand up起立 succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事 shut up关闭 surprise sb. 使某人惊奇shout to 向…喊shout at对…喊 seem like 好像sweep the floor拖地step on 践踏 suggest doing sth.建议做某事 supply sb. With sth.=supply sth. for sb.为某人供应某物 T Take a message for sb.给某人捎个信 take a bus乘工交车 take one’s order按某人的顺序 take a walk 散步take… to…把…带到…去 take a shower淋浴 take the first turning on theleft=turn left at the first crossing 在第一个十字路路口向左转take away 带走take an interest in 对…感兴趣take the medicine 服药take exercise锻炼 take a long vacation 度长假take it easy不要紧 take one’s temperature量某人的体温 take off 起飞/脱下﹙衣服、鞋帽等﹚take a lesson/class 上课take a day off 休一天假take an exam 参加考试 take the lead to do sth. 带头做某事take…out of… 把…从…中取处来take a rest休息一下 take one’s turn to do sth.按某人顺序做某事 take part in 参加﹙活动﹚take a drink 喝酒take…as an example拿…当作例子 take over接管 take care of照顾、照看 take in吸取吸收 take up 占据﹙空间、时间﹚take the pride in 以…而骄傲﹙强调动作﹚take place 发生﹙不及物﹚take the leading position占主导地位 take a swimming course上游泳课 take a jump跳高 take a deep breath深呼吸 take the place of 代替…take a photo of 照…的相talk about谈论…talk with 与…谈话talk to对谈话 turn left﹙right﹚向左﹙右﹚转turn up 调高﹙音量等﹚turn down调低﹙音量等﹚turn on打开﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚ turn off 关闭﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚turn…into…把…变成… turn to… 转向… turn green 变绿think about考虑、思考… think of想起、想到… think over仔细考虑 tell sb. about sth. 把某物的情况告诉某人tell sb. sth.=tellsth. to sb.把某事告诉某人 tell a joke 讲笑话tell a story 讲故事try on 试穿try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事try one’s best to do sth. .尽力做某事thanks for感谢…travel to …到…旅行tie…to…把…绑到…上treat …as…把…当作…来对待trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事throw away 扔掉translate… into…把…翻译成…‎ U urgesb. to sth.强烈要求某人做某事 use up用尽 used to do sth.过去做某事 ‎ V visit sb/somewhere慰问某人/参观某处 ‎ W wake up醒来、叫醒 welcome to…欢迎到…来wait for等待… wait in line 排队等候write to …给…写信 write down记下 win the World Cup 赢得世界杯 win a prize获奖 wear out穿坏wear glasses戴眼镜 wipe…off…把…从…上拭去work hard at努力学习… work out 解决﹙问题、麻烦等﹚work on从事… walk along/down 沿着…走want to do sth. 想做某事want a go试一下 watch a game观看比赛 wind up 给…上劲warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事 warn sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事worry about… 担心…‎ ‎﹙四﹚．辨析疑难，深化理解，突出重点，突破难点。即：把初中阶段所学的多义动词或意义相近的动词/词组归纳对比，找出异同，以便学生加深理解与记忆，提高运用基本知识的技能。‎ ‎1． 2.‎ ‎⑴．used to do ⑴． offer：offer sb. sth. =offer sth.to sb.‎ 过去常常做某事，后接动词原形作谓语。 为某人提供某物 ‎⑵．“get used to ﹙doing﹚sth.” ⑵．provide：provide sb.‎ ‎ with sth.=provide sth.‎ 习惯﹙做﹚某事，强调动作，非延续， for sb. 为某人提供某物 不能与时间段连用﹙否定句除外﹚ ⑶．supply：supply sb. with sth=supply sth.‎ ‎⑶．“be used to ﹙doing﹚sth.” for sb. 为某人供应某物 ‎ 习惯﹙做﹚某事，强调状态，延续， 4.‎ 能与时间段连用 ⑴．developed：发达的 ‎3. ⑵．developing：发展中的 ‎⑴．hear of：听说 6.‎ ‎⑵hear from：收…到来信 ⑴．take place：不及物动词，“发生”。‎ ‎5. ⑵．take the place﹙of﹚：“代替﹙…﹚”‎ ‎⑴．take the exam ⑶．happen： 不及物动词，“发生”，强调偶然性 参加考试，非延续，不能与时间段连用 7.‎ ‎﹙否定句除外﹚ ⑴．think of：想起、想到 ‎⑵．have the exam ⑵．think about：考虑、思考 参加考试，非延续，能与时间段连用 ‎8. 9.‎ ‎⑴．be covered by：被…覆盖，强调动作，非延续 ⑴．reply：回答，不及物，reply to，及物。‎ ‎⑵．be covered with：覆盖着…，强调状态，延续 ⑵．answer： 回答，及物。‎ ‎10. 12.‎ ‎⑴．arrive： ⑴．look for：“寻找”，强调过程。‎ arrive in： 及物，“到达大地方” ‎ ‎⑵．find： “找到”，强调结果。‎ arrive at： 及物，“到达小地方”。 ⑶．discover ‎：“发现”，首次被人知。‎ ‎⑵．get： 到达，get to： “ 到达…”。 14.‎ ‎⑶．reach： 及物，“到达”。 ⑴．excite：“使…激动”。‎ ‎11. ⑵．excited：“感到激动的”，指人。‎ ‎⑴．take： “带走”，由近及远。 ⑶．exciting：“令人激动的”，指事物。‎ ‎⑵．bring： “带来”， 由远及近。 15.‎ ‎13. ⑴．stop to do：“停下来去做另一件事”。‎ ‎⑴．rise：“上升，升起”，不及物。 ⑵．stop doing：“停止做某事”。‎ ‎⑵．raise：“升起、举起、提高”， 及物。‎ ‎16. 20.‎ ‎⑴．take part in：“参加某种活动”。 ⑴．marry：“娶、嫁”，及物动词 ‎⑵．join in：“参加某种活动”。 ⑵．get married：“结婚”，表示动作，非延续 ‎⑶．join：“参加某种团体或组织”。 ⑶．be married：“结婚”， 表示状态，延续 ‎17.need to do need doing 18.‎ ‎⑴．need to do： “需要做某事”，表示主动。 ⑴．be：“成为”，表示状态，延续。‎ ‎⑵．need doing： “需要做某事”， 表示主动。 ⑵．become：“成为”，表示动作，非延续。‎ ‎19. 21.‎ ‎⑴．hope：“希望”，表示真实语气。用法为： ⑴．carry on：“坚持”，词组carry on doing sth.‎ ‎“hope to do或hope that-从句” ⑵．carry out：“执行”‎ ‎⑵．wish ‎：“希望”，表示虚拟语气。用法为： 23.‎ ‎“wish to do, wish that-从句或wish sb. to do” ⑴．‎ know：“知道、认识”， 表示状态，延续 ‎22. ⑵．get to know：“知道、认识”，表示动作，非 ‎⑴．search：“搜索、搜寻”，强调对象 延续。‎ ‎⑵．search for：“搜索、搜寻”， 强调目标 25。‎ ‎24. ⑴．take：“买”，常用于口语。‎ ‎⑴．like：“像”，介词，故遵循介词的用法。 ⑵．buy：“买”， 常用于正式场合。‎ ‎⑵．seem：“像”，系动词，故遵循系动词的用法。 28.‎ ‎26. ⑴．send up：“发射”。‎ ‎⑴．make… of …：“由…来做…”，产品能看出原材料。 ⑵．send away：“驱逐”。‎ ‎⑵．make …from…：“由…来做…”，产品看不出原材料。⑶．send off：“解雇”。‎ ‎⑶．make… up of…：“由…来组成…”。 ⑷．send for…：“派人请…”。‎ ‎27. 29.‎ ‎⑴．surprise：“使…惊奇”，及物动词。 ⑴．amaze：“使…诧异”， 及物动词。‎ ‎⑵．surprised：“感到惊讶的”，形容词，修饰人。 ⑵．amazed：“感到惊讶的”，形，修饰人。‎ ‎⑶．surprising：“令人惊讶的”，形容词，修饰事物。 ⑶．amazing：“令人惊讶的”，形，修饰事物。‎ ‎30 32.‎ ‎⑴．cross：“穿过”﹙平面﹚， 及物动词。 ⑴．take over： “接管”。‎ ‎⑵．across：“穿过” ﹙平面﹚，形容词，介词。 ⑵．take in： “接收、吸收”。‎ ‎⑶．through：“穿过” ﹙空间或时间﹚，介词。 ⑶．take up： “占据”﹙时间或空间﹚。‎ ‎31 ⑷．take away： “拿走”。‎ ‎⑴．call for：“号召”。 ⑸．take down： “取下”。‎ ‎⑵．call on：“拜访”。 33. ‎ ‎⑶．call out：“喊叫”。 ⑴．worry about：“担心”，强调动作，非延续。‎ ‎⑷．call up：“给…打电话”。 ⑵．be worried about：“担心”，强调状态，延续 ‎34. 36.‎ ‎⑴．read …to…： “把…读给…听”。 ⑴．have got： “有”，强调动作，非延续。‎ ‎⑵．read …for…： “代替…读…”。 ⑵．have： “有”，强调状态，延续。‎ ‎35. 37.‎ ‎ ⑴．read ‎： “读”﹙书报等﹚。 ⑴．get ready for：“准备…”，强调动作，非 ‎⑵．see： “看出、看见” ﹙强调结果﹚。 延续。‎ ‎⑶．look：“看”﹙引起注意，不及物﹚ ⑵．be ready for：“准备…”，强调状态，延续。‎ look at：“看…”﹙不及物﹚。 39.‎ ‎⑷．watch：“观看”﹙电视、游戏、比赛等﹚。⑴．.hand in： “上交”﹙作业等﹚。‎ ‎38． ⑵．hand out： “分发” ﹙作业、试卷等﹚。‎ ‎⑴．listen：“听”﹙ 引起注意，不及物﹚。 ⑶．hand …to…： “把…递给…”‎ ‎⑵．listen to：“听…”﹙及物﹚。 42.‎ ‎⑶．hear：“听见”﹙强调结果﹚。 ⑴．beat： “赢得﹙人﹚”。‎ ‎40. ⑵．win： “赢得﹙比赛、奖项等﹚”‎ ‎⑴．excite： “使…激动”。 43.‎ ‎⑵．excited：“感到激动的”，形，修饰或限定人。 ⑴．put away： “把…收拾起来”。‎ ‎⑶．exciting：“令人激动的”，形，常修饰或限定事物。 ⑵．put up： “举起、张贴”。‎ ‎41. ⑶．put on： “穿上、上映”。‎ ‎⑴．give in：“屈服”。词组：“give in﹙doing﹚sth.” ⑷．put off：“推迟”：put off﹙doing﹚sth ‎⑵．give up：“放弃”。 词组：“give up﹙doing﹚sth.”45.‎ ‎⑶．give away： “赠送”。 ⑴．relax： “使…放松”， 及物动词。‎ ‎⑷．give out： “颁发﹙奖品、证书等﹚”。 ⑵．relaxed：“感到放松的”，修饰人。‎ ‎44. ⑶．relaxing：“令人放松的”，修饰事物。‎ ‎⑴．bore： “使…无聊”，及物动词。 46.‎ ‎⑵．bored： “感到无聊的”，修饰或限定人 ⑴．annoy ：使…恼怒，及物动词。‎ ‎⑶．boring： “令人无聊的”，修饰或限定事物。 ⑵．annoyed：感到恼怒的，修饰人。‎ ‎⑶．annoying：令人恼怒的，修饰事物。‎ ‎47. 50.‎ ‎⑴．take a bus： “乘公交车”，动词词组。 ⑴．poin to： “指向”﹙强调方向﹚。 ‎ ‎⑵．catch a bus： “赶公交车” ，动词词组。 ⑵．poin at： “指着” ﹙强调目标﹚。‎ ‎⑶．on a bus：“乘公交车”﹙ bus有修饰语﹚，介词短语。⑶．poin out： “指出”。‎ ‎⑷．by bus：“乘公交车”﹙ bus无修饰语﹚，介词短语。 51.‎ ‎48. ⑴．look up： “查找”﹙字词等﹚。‎ ‎⑴．walk： “步行”，动词。 ⑵．look over： “检查”﹙身体等﹚。‎ ‎⑵．on foot： “步行” ，介词短语。 ⑶．look forward to：“盼望…”。‎ ‎49. ⑷．look on… as…：“把…看作…”。‎ ‎⑴．ride a bike： “骑自行车” ，动词词组。 ⑸．look after：“照看”。‎ ‎⑵．by bike： “骑自行车” ﹙bike无修饰语﹚，介词短语。 ⑹．look at：“看…”。‎ ‎⑶．on a bike： “骑自行车” ﹙bike有修饰语﹚，介词短语。 ⑺．look like： “看起来像…”。‎ ‎52. 54.‎ ‎⑴．drop： “下落、掉下”，及物动词。 ⑴．agree with sb：“某人的意见或建议”。‎ ‎⑵．fall： “下落、掉下” ，不及物动词。 ⑵．agree on doing：“对做某事表示同意”。‎ ‎53. ⑶． agree to do：“同意要做某事”。‎ ‎⑴．be proud of：“以…为骄傲”，表示状态，延续。 56.‎ ‎⑵．take the pride in：“以…为骄傲”，表示动作，非延续。 ⑴．go on to do：“继续做另一件事”。‎ ‎55. ⑵．go on doing：“继续做同一件事”。‎ ‎⑴．care for：“关心、关爱”。 58.‎ ‎⑵．care about： “在意、在乎”。 ⑴．remember to do ：“记得要做的事情”。‎ ‎57. ⑵．remember doing：“记得做过的事情”‎ ‎⑴．do with：“处理、应付”﹙What do you do with it﹚。 61.‎ ‎⑵．deal with：“处理、应付” ﹙How do you do with it﹚。 ⑴．look for：“寻找 ”﹙强调过程﹚。‎ ‎59. ⑵．find：“找到” ﹙强调结果﹚。‎ ‎⑴．turn on： “打开”﹙电器、煤气、水龙头等﹚。 ⑶．find out：“查明”﹙真相、原因﹚。‎ ‎⑵．turn off： “关闭” ﹙电器、煤气、水龙头等﹚。 62.‎ ‎⑶．turn up： “调高”﹙音量﹚。 ⑴．go to sleep：“入睡”﹙非延续﹚。‎ ‎⑷．turn down： “调低” ﹙音量﹚。 ⑵．go to bed：“上床睡觉” ﹙非延续﹚。‎ ‎60. ⑶．fall asleep：“睡着”﹙ 非延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．spend：“花费”﹙时间、金钱﹚，句式： ⑷．be asleep：“睡着” ﹙延续﹚。‎ Sb. spends…on sth./﹙in﹚doing sth. 63.‎ ‎⑵．pay：“付款”，句式： ⑴．forget to do：“忘记要做的事”。‎ Sb. pays some money for sth. ⑵．forget doing：“忘记做过的事”。‎ ‎⑶．cost：“花费”﹙ 金钱﹚，句式： 66.‎ Sth. costs sb. some money. ⑴．talk： “谈论”﹙不及物﹚。‎ ‎⑷．take：“花费”﹙时间﹚，句式： ⑵．say： “说” ﹙强调内容﹚。‎ It takes sb. some time to do sth. ⑶．speak：讲”语言或正式场合讲话.‎ ‎64 68.‎ ‎⑴．prefer doing：“更喜欢…”，句式： ⑴．leave：“离开”﹙非延续﹚。‎ prefer doing to doing ⑵．be away from：“离开” ﹙延续﹚。‎ ‎⑵．prefer to do：“ 更喜欢…”，句式： 69.‎ prefer to do rather than do ⑴．come back：“回来”﹙ 非延续﹚。‎ ‎65. ⑵．be back：“回来” ﹙延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．talk to ：“对…谈话”﹙一方讲一方听﹚。 70.‎ ‎⑵．talk about：“谈论…”。 ⑴．try to do： “尽力做某事”。‎ ‎⑶．talk with：“与…谈话”﹙ 双方讲双方听﹚。 ⑵．try doing： “试着做某事”。‎ ‎⑷．tell：“告诉”﹙tell a story/tell a joke﹚。 72.‎ ‎67. ⑴．be：“成为”﹙ 延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．tire：“使…劳累”﹙及物﹚。 ⑵．become：“成为” ﹙非延续﹚。‎ ‎⑵．tiring：“令人劳累的”，形容词﹙常修饰或限定事物﹚。 75.‎ ‎⑶．tired：“感到劳累的”，形容词 ﹙常修饰或限定人﹚。 ⑴．get on：“上”﹙车、船、飞机等﹚。‎ ‎71. ⑵．get off：“下”﹙车、船、飞机等﹚。‎ ‎⑴．die of： “死于”﹙直接内因，如疾病、饥渴等﹚。 76.‎ ‎⑵．die from： “死于” ﹙间接外因，如车祸、战争等﹚。 ⑴．get out：“出来、把…取出来”。‎ ‎73. ⑵．get out of：“从…里出来”。‎ ‎⑴．have gone：“去了”﹙在去往某处的途中或到达某处﹚。 77.‎ ‎⑵．have been：“去过” ﹙已返回原地﹚。 ⑴．get back：“取回、回来”。‎ ‎74. ⑵．get up：“起床、起来”。‎ ‎⑴．get in：“进入”﹙表示静态﹚另“收割、收获” 78.‎ ‎⑵．get into：“进入…” ﹙表示动态﹚。 ⑴．have：“买”﹙ 延续﹚。‎ ‎79. ⑵．buy：“买” ﹙非延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．borrow： “借入”﹙ 非延续﹚。 81.‎ ‎⑵．keep： “借入” ﹙延续﹚。⑴．die： “死亡”﹙ 非延续﹚。‎ ‎80. ⑵．be dead： “死亡” ﹙延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．begin： “开始”﹙ 非延续﹚。 83.‎ ‎⑵．be on： “开始” ﹙延续﹚。 ⑴．leave：“离开”﹙ 非延续﹚。‎ ‎82. ⑵．be away from：“离开” ﹙延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．come here：“来这”﹙ 非延续﹚。 85.‎ ‎⑵．be here：“来这” ﹙延续﹚。 ⑴．fall ill：“生病”﹙非延续﹚。‎ ‎84. ⑵．be ill：“生病” ﹙延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．catch a cold：“感冒”﹙ 非延续﹚。 87.‎ ‎⑵．have a cold：“感冒” ﹙延续﹚。 ⑴．join：“参加﹙组织或团体﹚”‎ ‎86. ﹙非延续﹚。 ‎ ‎⑴．close：“关闭”﹙ 非延续﹚。 ⑵．be a member of…：“成为…一员”‎ ‎⑵．be closed：“关闭” ﹙延续﹚。 ﹙延续﹚。‎ ‎88. ⑶．be in…：“在…之中”﹙延续﹚‎ ‎⑴．play football：“踢足球”﹙棋类、牌类、球类无“the”﹚。 90.‎ ‎⑵．play the guitar：“弹吉他” ﹙琴类有“the”﹚。 ⑴．be interest in：“对…感兴趣”‎ ‎89. ﹙ 强调状态，延续﹚。‎ ‎⑴．put on：“穿上”﹙强调动作，非延续﹚。 ⑵．take an interest in：“对…‎ ‎⑵．wear ：“穿着” ﹙强调状态，延续﹚。 感兴趣”﹙强调动作，非延续﹚。‎ ‎⑶．dress：“给…穿衣”。 91．‎ ‎⑷dress in： “穿着”﹙= wear﹚ ⑴．open：“打开” ﹙强调动作，非﹙五﹚﹒词性变换是中考中的一个考点，归纳总结如下： 非延续﹚。‎ ‎1．动词变三单的规则： ⑵．be open：“开着”﹙强调状态，‎ ‎⑴．一般直接加“s”例：take—takes 延续﹚。‎ ‎⑵．以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾，加“es”例：dress—dresses ‎⑶．以辅音字母加“y”结尾，把“y”变“i”加“es”例：sdudy__sdudies ‎⑷．以f﹙e﹚结尾，词尾变为“ves”例：dwarf__dwarves ‎⑸．不规则的有：have__has ‎2．动词变现在分词的规则：‎ ‎⑴．一般直接加“ing”例：look__looking ‎⑵．以不发音“e”结尾，去掉“e”加“ing” 例：come__coming ‎⑶．以一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加“ing”例：begin__beginning ‎⑷．注意：prefer__preferring die__dying lie__lying ‎3．动词变过去式和过去分词的规则：‎ ‎⑴．一般直接加“ed” 例：watch__watched ‎⑵．以不发音“e”结尾，只加“d” 例：like__liked ‎⑶．以一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加“ed”例：stop__sdopped ‎⑷．以辅音字母加“y”结尾，把“y”变“i”加“ed”例：try__tried ‎﹙不规则形式略﹚‎ ‎4．动词变名词：‎ pollute__pollution play__player act__actor ‎ decide___decision work__worker visit__visitor educate__edcation farm__farmer collect__collector protect__protection drive__driver invent__inventor solve__solution teach__teacher behave__behavior operate__operation write__writer argue__arguement organize__organization report__reporter require__requirement invent__invention post__poster develop__development explain__explaination win__winner agree__agreement communicate__communication speak__speaker amuse__amusement translate__translation lead__leader treat__treatment pronounce__pronunciation read__reader move__movement introduce__introduction run__runner excite__excitement examine__examination wait__waiter grow__growth connect__connection dream__dreamer die__death predict__prediction produce__producer hear__hearing collect__collection interview__interviewer press__pressure suggest__suggestion succeed__success begin__beginning act__action fly__flight build__building decide__decision train__trainimg listen__listening discuss__discussion cross__crossing sell__sale conclude__conclusion cook__cook sing__song record__recorder mean__meaning choose__choice travel__traveller tour__tourist serve__servant explore__explorer science__scientist serve__servant ‎ ‎5.动词变形容词：‎ surprise__surprised enjoy__enjoyable sleep__asleep surprise__surprising change__changeable like__alike disappoint__disappointed forget__forgettable slow__slow disappoint__disappointing comfort__cormfortable heat__hot excite__excited recycle__recycleable dry__dry excite__exciting suit__suitable warm__warm interest__interested clean__clean interest__interesting annoy__annoyed open__open bore__bored annoy__annoying close__closed bore__boring live__living die__death relax__relaxed live__alive wake__awake ‎ relax__relaxing fill__full base__basic ‎﹙六﹚重点词讲解：‎ 在英语中，有许多多义、多音的兼类词，往往被学生忽略，导致学生运用时的困惑。故在辅导教师应重点指出，以引起学生注意：‎ ﹙1﹚ waste ‎①.n.“废品、废物”例：A lot of waste is produced in our life every day.‎ ‎②.adj. “废弃的、无用的” 例：The factory is pouring waste water now.‎ ‎③.v. “浪费” 例：It is bad for us to waste time ﹙2﹚ happen vi.“发生”例：What happened to him？而不是：What did he happen?‎ ﹙3﹚ fish ‎①.n.“鱼”‎ ‎ A.不可数名词，强调物质。例：Would you like some fish to eat?‎ ‎ B.可数名词，强调条数或种类。例：All fish have gone because of dirty water ‎②．v.“捕鱼、钓鱼” 例：He makes a living by fishing.‎ ﹙4﹚ look ‎ ①. vi.“看” 通常引起注意 例：Look! He is working.‎ ‎“look at…”: “看…”‎ ‎ ②.link. “看起来” 例：The teacher looks very happy today.‎ ‎ ③．n. “相貌、容貌” 例：The look of the city is better than before.‎ ﹙5﹚ like ‎ ①. v.“喜欢” “like doing”表示习惯；“like to do”强调具体活动。‎ ‎ ②．prep. “像…”例：I like making friends like you.‎ ﹙6﹚ hurt ‎ ①.v.“伤害” 例：He fell off his bike and hurt his leg.‎ ‎ ②.adj. “疼痛的” 例：My back often gets hurt.‎ ﹙7﹚ leave v.‎ ‎①.“离开” 例：I will leave here for my hometown tomorrow.‎ ‎②．“落” 例：He left his homework at home because of being careless ‎③．“留下、剩下” 例：A message is left for you.‎ ﹙8﹚ try ①. v. “试、尽力” 例：“try on”试穿“try doing”试着做某事“tryto do”尽力做某事 ‎②. ‎ n. “尝试” 例：Have a try.‎ ﹙1﹚ break ‎①. v. “破裂、折断” 例：I saw a piece of ‎ glass broken this morning.‎ ‎ 另构成词组如： break into break out break off等。‎ ‎②. n. “间歇﹙如课间﹚” 例：We all ‎ go out to play during the break.‎ ﹙1﹚ open ‎①．v. “打开”，非延续。例：‎ It is good for the air in the room to open the ‎ windows and the doors ‎ ‎②．adj. “开着的” 例：Please keep the door open for ten minutes.‎ ﹙1﹚ close ‎①．v. “关闭”，非延续。例：I forget to close the door,leaving the room.‎ ‎②．adj. “近的” 例：My home is close to the school.‎ ﹙2﹚ enjoy v. “喜欢、享受…的乐趣”。词组：enjoy doing enjoy oneself ﹙3﹚ serve v.‎ ‎“为…的服务”例：We should study hard to serve the peaple better.‎ ﹙4﹚ stop ‎①. n. “车站” 例：bus stop ‎②. v. “阻止、停下” 例：The factory must be stopped pouring waste water.‎ ﹙5﹚ sleep ‎ ①. n. “睡眠” 例：How many hours of sleep do you need every day?‎ ‎ ②. v. “睡” 例：另构成词组go to sleep get to sleep 等。‎ ﹙6﹚ seem v.‎ ‎①．seem+adj. 例：He seems happy today.‎ ‎②．seem to do 例：He seems to be happy today.‎ ‎③．It seems that__从句 例：It seems that he is happy today.‎ ﹙7﹚ thought ‎①．n. “思想” 例：Chairman Mao’thought is the guide to our action.‎ ‎②．v. “睡”过去式、过去分词 ‎ ﹙8﹚ get v.‎ ‎①．“变得” 例：The weather is getting colder and colder. ‎ ‎②．“使…变得” 例：I will get my hair cut.‎ ‎③．“到达” 例：What time do you get to school every day?‎ ‎④.“取、拿”例：Could you please go and get some chalk for me?‎ ﹙9﹚ experiment ﹙10﹚ ‎①．n. “实验” 例：Let me do an experiment to see if it is true.‎ ‎②．v. “做实验” 例：He got the result by experimenting again and again.‎ ﹙11﹚ land ‎①．n. “陆地” 例：Much land has changed into desert.‎ ‎②．v. “着陆、登陆” 例：The spaceship danded on the moon successfully.‎ ﹙12﹚ increase ‎①．n.“增加、增长” 例：The increase of population has bought many probloms.‎ ‎②．v.“增加、增长” 例：The number of the peaple is increasing rapidly.‎ ﹙13﹚ fail v.‎ ‎①．“失败” 例：Though they tried their best,they failed at last.‎ ‎②．“不及格” 例：He is too careless to fail the exam.‎ ﹙1﹚ park ‎①．v. “停放﹙车辆﹚” 例：Don’t park your car here.‎ ‎②．n. “公园” ‎ ﹙2﹚ dry ‎①．v. “使…干” 例： We should dry our clothes in the hot weather.‎ ‎②．adj. “干燥的” 例：Put the medicine in a dry place.‎ ﹙3﹚ save ‎①．v. “节省、节约” 例：Water should be saved in our life.‎ ‎②．v. “抢救、挽救” 例：The doctor has saved the boy’s life.‎ ﹙4﹚ rest ‎①．v. “休息” 例：Stop working to rest.‎ ‎②．n. “休息” 例：have a rest ‎③．pron. “其余” 例：Ten of them are boys.The rest are girls.‎ ﹙5﹚ own ‎①．v. “拥有” 例：Do you own a company?‎ ‎②．adj. “自己的” 例：This is my own bag.‎ ﹙6﹚ prefer v.“更喜欢”‎ ‎①．prefer doing﹙sth.﹚ to doing﹙sth.﹚ 与…相比，更喜欢…‎ ‎②．prefer to do rather than do 与…相比，更喜欢…‎ ﹙7﹚ sort ‎①．v. “分类、归类” 例：We sort the garbage into three parts ‎②．n. “类型” 例：All sorts of questions cab be asked.‎ ﹙8﹚ heat ‎①．v. “加热” 例：Sea water cab be heat to get salt.‎ ‎②．n. “热量” 例：The sun give us light and heat.‎ ﹙9﹚ litter ‎①．v. “丢垃圾” 例：It is bad to litter here and there.‎ ‎②．n. “垃圾” 例：There is so much litter in the river.‎ ﹙10﹚ hold ‎①．v. “容纳” 例：The house is big enough to hold 100 people.‎ ‎②．v. “举行” 例：We will hold a meeting in a week.‎ ‎③．v. “支撑” 例：Its legs were hut too badly to hold its heavy body. ‎ ‎④．n. “握” 例：catch hold of ﹙11﹚ face ‎①．n. “脸” 例：He has a round face.‎ ‎②．v. “面向” 例：The shop faces a marcket.‎ ﹙12﹚ study ‎①．n. “书房” 例：There are a lot books in his study.‎ ‎②．n. “学习、研究” 例：The teacher is strict in our studies.‎ ‎③．v.“学习”例：The harder you study,the greater progress you will get.‎ ﹙13﹚ mistake ‎①．n. “错误” 例：I made a mitake in the exam.‎ ‎②．v. “弄错” 例：He often mistakes me for my brother.‎ ﹙14﹚ fall ‎①．n. “秋季” 例：Leaves on trees turn yellow in fall.‎ ‎②．v. “下落” 例：The man fell off his bike.‎ ﹙15﹚ trouble ‎①．n. “麻烦” 例：We should help the people in trouble.‎ ‎②．v. “麻烦、打扰” 例：I am sorry yo trouble you.‎ ﹙16﹚ miss ‎①．‎ v. “想念” 例：I have been away from my parents for ‎ years,I miss them very much.‎ ‎②．v. “错过、没赶上” 例：Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.‎ ﹙1﹚ stay ‎①．v. “停留﹑呆” 例：I stayed at home yesterday.‎ ‎②．v. “保持” 例：Walking after supper can help us stay healthy.‎ ﹙2﹚ play ‎①．v. “玩” 例：play football play the guitar ‎②．v. “戏剧” 例：TV play ‎③．n. “播放” 例：He played the music and danced along with it.‎ ﹙3﹚ last ‎①．v. “持续” 例：The rain has lasted for a few day.‎ ‎②．adj. “上个、最后的”last week﹙上周﹚the last man﹙最后一人﹚ ‎ ﹙4﹚ stick ‎①．v. “张贴” 例：Please stick the map on the wall.‎ ‎②．v. “坚持” 例：He insisted on wearing a suit.‎ ‎③．n. “棍、枝条” 例：The boy drew a picture on the ground with a stick.‎ ﹙5﹚ follow v.‎ ‎①．“遵循” 例：We should follow our school rules.‎ ‎②．“跟着” 例：A dog followed the man all along.‎ ‎③．“理解” 例：You speak too fast ,I can not follow you.‎ ‎④．“效仿” 例：Do not follow others to do everything.‎ ﹙6﹚ place ‎①．v. “放置” 例：He placed it in a cool and dry room.‎ ‎②．n. “地方” 例：The place I visited is beautiful.‎ ﹙7﹚ train ‎①．n. “火车” 例：take a train by train ‎②．v. “训练” 例：He went to a English training school.‎ ﹙8﹚ expect v. “期望”‎ ‎①．expect to do sth. 例：I expect to be a tescher.‎ ‎②．expect sb.to do sth. 例：He expects me to be a tescher.‎ ‎③. ③. expect that—从句 例：He expectsthat I can be a tescher.‎ ﹙1﹚ direct ‎①. v. “导演” 例：The play is directed by him.‎ ‎②. adj. “直接的” 例：This is the direct reason why you can not be allowed.‎ ﹙2﹚ dream ①. v. “梦想” 例：He dreams of being a polite.‎ ②. n. “梦” 例：：I often have dreams at night.‎ ﹙3﹚ order ‎①. v. “命令” 例：The captain ordered his men to set off at once.‎ ‎②. v. “订购” 例：Would you like to order some food for the party?‎ ‎③．n. “顺序” 例：Put them in a right order.‎ ﹙4﹚ risk ‎①．n. “风险、冒险” 例：There is much risk to do it.‎ ‎②．v. “冒险” 例：Do not risk doing it.‎ ﹙5﹚ impress ‎①．n. “印象” 例：He is a kind man in my impress.‎ ‎②．v. “给…留下印象” 例：The places impressed me deeply.‎ ﹙6﹚ work ‎①．n. “工作” 例：What hard work it is!‎ ‎②．n. “著作” 例：I have read his works.‎ ‎③．v. “工作” 例：How hard they are working!‎ ﹙7﹚ hand ‎①．n. “手” 例：We work with our hands.‎ ‎②．n. “指针” 例：The hour hand stopped pointing at nine.‎ ‎③．v. “递” 例：Please hand the book to me.‎ ﹙8﹚ change ‎①．n. “变化” 例：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.‎ ‎②．v. “改变” 例：Change the words into Chinese.‎ ﹙9﹚ aim ‎①．n. “目的” 例：My aim is to go to college.‎ ‎②．v. “目的是” 例：The article aims to tell us how to learn English.‎ ﹙10﹚ free ①． adj. “空闲的” 例：What do you do in your free time?‎ ②． adj. “免费的” 例：If you spent 20 dollar living here,you can enjoy free food.‎ ③． adj. “自由的、” 例：Let him free.‎ ‎④．v. “使…自由” 例：He did not want to free me.‎ ﹙11﹚ raise ‎①．v. “举起、提升” 例：If you know the answer,please raise yor hands.‎ ‎②．v. “募集” 例：The government has raised a lot of monet for them.‎ ﹙12﹚ lift ‎①．n. “电梯” 例：There is something with the lift.‎ ‎②．v. “抬起、举起” 例：He is too weak to lift the bag.‎ ﹙13﹚ pack v. “打包”‎ ‎①．例：“pack…into…”例：He packed his clothes into a bag.‎ ‎②．例：“pack…with…”例：He packed a bag with his clothes.‎ ﹙14﹚ plan ‎①．n. “计划” 例：We made plan of building a new school here.‎ ‎②．v. “计划” 例：plan to do打算做某事 plan on doing对做某事做出计划 ﹙15﹚ complete ‎①．adj. “完全的、” 例：Please make a complete sentence by yourself.‎ ‎②．v. “完成” 例：We can complete finishing the work in three days.‎ ﹙1﹚ master ‎①．n. “主人” 例：The master of the house is very kind to his servants.‎ ‎②．v. “掌握、精通” 例：It is important to master coputer skills.‎ ﹙2﹚ show ‎①．n. “展览” 例：Ther are many kinds of shoes on show.‎ ‎②．v. “展示、出示、表明” 例：Please show your watch to me.‎ ‎③.show up “露面” 例：He never shows up in public.‎ ﹙3﹚ interest ‎①．n. “兴趣” 例：I take an interest in English.‎ ‎②．v. “使…感兴趣” 例：The book interests me very much.‎ ﹙4﹚ enter v. “进入”‎ ‎①．“go into” 例：He entered the shop to buy a bike.‎ ‎②．“come into” 例：Come here and enter my room.‎ ﹙5﹚ have v.‎ ‎①．“有” 例：I have a new car.‎ ‎②．“吃、喝” 例：have supper have water have rice ‎③．“进行” 例：have a game have a talk have a meeting ‎④．“使、让” ‎ A. have sb. do=let sb. do 例：I will have him do the work.‎ B. have sb. doing=keep sb. doing例：It is not allowed to have stuents standing when they make mistakes.‎ C. have sb. done=ask sb. to do例：I will have my hair cut=I will ask sb. to cut my hair.‎ ﹙6﹚ type ‎①. n. “类型” 例：It is one of types of pollution.‎ ‎②. v. “打字” 例：Can you help me to type the article?‎ 总之，在教学中，教师要“授之以渔”，教育学生要心细手勤，多思善问，求同寻异，在初中教学范围内，我认为应该提醒学生围绕下列几个方面来归纳、总结、积累相关知识：‎ ‎ 1．语法：如少数动词﹙come go leave fly等﹚的进行时可表示将来时。‎ ‎ 2．主动语态与被动语态。‎ ‎ 3．及物与不及物：如正：Sth.happens to sb.错：Sb. happens sth. ﹙happen不及物﹚。‎ ‎ 4．延续与非延续：如错：I have come here for a day﹙come非延续,不与时间段连用﹚。‎ ‎ 正：I have beenhere for a day﹙系表结构延续,能与时间段连用﹚。‎ ‎5．动作与状态：如“put on ‎”强调动作→非延续→不与时间段连用。“wear”强调状态→延续→能与时间段连用。‎ ‎ 6．同义与反义：如deed doing ＝ need to be done,borrow与lend词义相反。‎ ‎ 7．区别与联系：如“cost”和“spend”词义相同，前者人作主语，后者物作主语。‎ ‎ 8．词组与短语：如can’t help doing, pay attention to等。 ‎ 在运用之时，注意一下几个问题：‎ 1． 不及物动词无被动语态。‎ 2． 非延续动词不能与时间段连用﹙否定句除外﹚。‎ 3． 并列结构通常遵循性质一致原则﹙如原形、过去式等﹚。‎ 4． 被动语态中不定式不省略“to”。‎ ‎ 二．情态动词 情态动词在句中往往不能独立做谓语，与行为动词或系动词原形构成合成谓语。‎ 1． 基本用法：‎ ‎ 情态动词加动原，不随主语人称变；否定常需not帮，疑问提到主语前。‎ 2． 情态动词小结：‎ can could may might must will would shall should dare ‎ had better ought to havehashad to be able to need ‎ 3.举例说明：‎ ‎ ⑴. can ‎ ①.“能够”﹙常用于一般现在时﹚ 例：I start so early so that I ‎ can get to school on time.‎ ‎ ②.“可能”，表示推测“肯定” 例： He has ‎ gone to Beijing, So he can not be at work now.‎ ‎ ⑵．‎ could ‎①.“能够”﹙用于一般过去时﹚例：I started so late that I could ‎ not catch the bus.‎ ‎ ②．“能够”﹙用于一般现在时，表示更加委婉的语气﹚例：Could ‎ you please help me?‎ ‎ ③．“可能”，表示推测“肯定” 例：He could not be ‎ at home because I had seen him at school.‎ ‎ ⑶．may ‎ ①.‎ ‎“可以”﹙用于一般现在时﹚例：You may do it now or tomorrow.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②．“可能”﹙用于一般现在时，表示推测且可能性较小﹚例：He can not come to school ‎ because he may be ill.‎ ‎ ⑷．might:“可以” ﹙may的一般过去时﹚‎ ‎ ⑸．must ‎ ①.‎ ‎“必须、一定”表示主观意愿 例：We must study hard for our country.‎ ‎ ②‎ ‎.“一定”，表示推测，可能性较大 例：The book must be his because his ‎ name is on it.‎ ‎ ⑹．will “愿意”﹙用于一般现在时，表示委婉语气 适用于主语是所有人称 ‎.例：Will you please give ‎ me a hand?‎ ‎ ⑺．would ‎“愿意”：用于一般现在或一般过去时，比will语气更委婉 ，适用于主语是 所有人称. .例：Would he like ‎ something to eat?‎ ‎⑻．shall“愿意”：用于一般现在时，表示委婉语气 适用于主语是第一人称。Shall we start? ‎ ‎⑼．should“应该”：表示主观意愿，用于各种时态和所有人称。 例：We should work hard.‎ ‎⑽．dare“敢” 例：How dare you say that?‎ ‎⑾．had better“最好”：变疑问“had ‎”提到主语前，变否定在“better”后加“not” ‎ 例：You had better not be late next ‎ time.‎ ‎⑿. ought to“理应”： 变疑问“ought”提到主语前，变否定在“ought”后加“‎ not” ‎ 例：He oughtn’t to do such things.‎ ‎⒀．havehashad to ‎“不得不”： 表示客观因素的迫使。变疑问和否定借助do/does/did. ‎ 例：Do I have to ‎ finish my homework tonight?‎ ‎⒁. be able to ‎“能够”﹙有各种时态﹚例：You will be able to do it well.‎ ‎⒂．need“必要”： ‎ 用于一般现在时。例：You need not write it again ‎ 三．连系动词 连系动词有一定意义，但不完整，与表语共同构成句子的谓语。其形式随时态及主语人称和数的变化而变化，细而言之：‎ 时态 系动词be 非be系动词﹙如look﹚‎ 备　　　注 一般现在时 is/am/are 原 形 或 三单　‎ 一般过去时 was/were 过　去　式 一般将来时 will/ shall﹢be will/shall﹢原 形 划线：助动词 be going to﹢ be be going to原 形 Be：is/am/are 过去将来时 would/shoud﹢ be would/shoud﹢原 形 划线：助动词 Be：was/were be going to﹢ be ‎ begoing to﹢原 形 现在完成时 have/has ﹢been have/has ﹢been﹢过去分词 划线：助动词 过去完成时 had ﹢been 词 had ﹢ been ﹢ 过去分词 同上 含情态动词 情态动词﹢be 情态动词﹢原 形 1. 连系动词也有非谓语形式。‎ 2. 非be系动词小结：look sound smell taste seem feel get become go turn grow等。‎ ‎ 四．助动词 助动词没有实际意义，用来帮助构成疑问、否定、语态或时态等。如：构成进行时的is/am/are/ was/were，构成将来时的will/ shall/ would/shoud，构成完成时的have/has/ had，构成被动语态的be等。‎ 至此，讲解了动词的四中形式，明确谓语形式和非谓语形式，就动词如何运用做一总结：谓语→语态或时态；非谓语→不定式/动名词/现在分词/过去分词。变否定：通常如果句中有系动词﹙be﹚﹑情态动词﹙个别除外，如have to﹚﹑助动词直接在其后加“not”；否则在谓语前加don’t/doesn’t 或didn’t，同时谓语动词改原形；变疑问：通常如果陈述句句中有系动词﹙be﹚﹑情态动词﹙个别除外，如have to﹚﹑助动词直接提到句首；否则，在句首加do /doe 或did，同时谓语动词改原形。‎