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初中英语情态动词用法详解
【情态动词知识梳理】
情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：
1. can的用法：
（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t .
（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.
（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.
2. could的用法：
（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10.
（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen?—Yes, you can.（注意回答）
3. may的用法：
（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now.
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home.
(3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time. May you be happy! May you succeed！
4. must的用法：
(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now?
(2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要” “千万别” “禁止,不许”.如：You mustn’t play with fire. You mustn’t be late.
（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?—No, you needn’t.
(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.
注意其反意问句的构成形式：
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need的用法：
（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。如：—Need I stay here any longer?—Yes, you must .—No. you needn’t /don’t have to.
(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now.
如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.
6. dare的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性：
（1）dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me?
（2）dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：He doesn’t dare to break his promise. 注意：口语中，dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?
7. shall的用法：
shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?
8. should的用法：
（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment.
（2）Should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.
9. will的用法：
will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.
10. had better的用法：
had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。如：We had better go now.
考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:
1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure . No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.
2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.
3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen?—Yes, you can.（注意回答）
4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.
5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.) Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.) All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.
考点三:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：
1.（1）.can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball.
（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.
（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …? ”这样的问句。如：May I come in ? No, you mustn’t. / can’t.
（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…
2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.
3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。如：He mustn’t leave his room.
(2) mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如：—May I stand here?—No, you mustn’t (can’t).
4.（1）needn’t意为“不必”。如：You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.
（2）needn’t + have+动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如： You needn’t have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）。
5. shouldn’t表示不应该。如：You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things.
考点四:情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。
考点五:情态动词表示推测的用法:
一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。
1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man can＇t be her husbandshe is still single.
2、must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.
3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：The man may be the headmaster.
4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：—Could it be an animal?—It could not be，because it is not moving.
5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：It is already 10 o’clock now they should be there.
二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。
1、“must +have done/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
2、“should +have done /been-------”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“shouldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).
3、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She needn＇t have hurried .
4、“can’t /couldn’t+have done /been-------”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如：
I saw him just now. He can’t have gone to Japan.
5、“could+have done/been-------”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有”，说话者有些遗憾。
6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might的可能性较小，语气较弱。如：He may have finished reading the book.
【情态动词易混点归纳】
易混点一: can和be able to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
易混点二:can和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿？That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
易混点三: may be和maybe
用法区别 常用位置
may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语
maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。
易混点四：can’t和mustn’t
1. can’t根据其基本用法可译为：
（1）不会。如：I can’t speak English .我不会说英语。
（2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。
（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher..。
2. mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。如：You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.
易混点五：must和have to
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。
易混点六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sth
used to do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去；而be used to doing意为“习惯做…”；be used to do意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式。be used for doing sth“用作……”
练习题一
1. --- Where is Mary? --- She ____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
2. His room is dark. He must ____ to bed.
A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone
3. “Will your father stay home tonight?” “I’m not sure, He ____to work.”
A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going
4. “Where is Tom?” “He isn’t here I think he ____ have gone home.”
A. may B. must C. might D. A or B or C
5. “I think Helen is at home.”
“ No, she ____ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. daren’t
6. He’s late. What ____ have happened to him?
A. can B. may C. should D, must
7. “ _____ he be watching TV now?” Yes, he _____ be watching TV now.”
No, he _____ be watching TV now.”
A. Must; can; mustn’t B. Can; must; can’t C. Must; must; can’t D. Can; can; mustn’t
8. “____. He have left yesterday?” Yes, he ____ yesterday.” No, he ____ yesterday.”
A. Must; must have left; can’t have left B. Can; can have left; can’t have left
C. Can; must have left; can’t have left D. May; must have left; shouldn’t have left
9. You must be a writer, ____ you?
A. mustn’t B. are C. must D. aren’t
10. You must have seen her yesterday, ____ you?
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t
11. You must have seen her, ____ you?
A. haven’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. A or B
12. There was plenty of time. She ____ worried or hurried.
A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have C. must be D. needn’t have
13. I got up early, but I ____ so because I had no work to do that morning.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
14. I ____ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till 9 a. m.
A. needn’t have got B. didn’t need to get C. shouldn’t have got D. can’t have got
15. The flower is dead. I ____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
16. He ____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C
17. “Must he do it?” “No, he ____.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. doesn’t have to D. B or C
18. “Need you go now?” “Yes, I ____.” “No, I ____.”
A. need; needn’t B. must; needn’t C. may; mustn’t D. can; needn’t
19. “May I borrow your bike?” “No, you ____.”
A. mustn’t B. may not C. had better not D. can’t
20. “Can I do it?” “No, you ____.”or “No, please ____.”
A. can’t; doesn’t B. can’t; don’t C. can’t; can’t D. can’t; you don’t
21. I missed the last bus, so I ____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
22. We ____ hurry if we want to arrive in time.
A. must B. need C. may D. have to
23. He ought to have won the first prize, ____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. oughtn’t to
24. He ____ get up early when he lived in the countryside.
A. would B. used to C. mustn’t D. can’t
25. My brother ____ be very naughty, and my sister ____ like reading.
A. used to; would B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would
26. ____ you please pass on a message to him?
A. Do B. Shall C. May D. Will
27. ____ we set off now?
A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought
28. “____ he open the window?” Yes, please.”
A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would
29. I’ve told him many times, but he ____ listen to my advice.
A. shall not B. won’t C. will not D. wouldn’t
30. “Will you lend me a hand?” “Yes, I ____.”
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
31. Everyone ____ do his best for the modernization of China.
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
32. Let’s clean our room, ____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
33. Let us watch TV, ____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
34. Close the door after you, ____ you?
A. don’t B. do C. shall D. will
35. Every time he meets me, he ____ to me.
A. smiled B. would smile C. will smile D. is smiling
36. “____ you like to see a film?” “Yes, I’d like ____.”
A will; to B. Would; to see C. Would; to D. Will; to see
37. He asked me for his book many times. Please tell him he ____ have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. is
38. - Must I finish all the exercises today?
-- No, you ____, but you ____finish them before Friday.
A. mustn’t; need B. don’t have to; must C. needn’t to; need D. shouldn’t; ought
39. Night has fallen. We have to go home, ____ we?
A. don’t B. haven’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
40. The cat ____ hibernate is winter.
A. doesn’t need to B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
41. Your composition ____ rewriting, ____ it?
A. need; needn’t B. needs; doesn’t C. needs; does D. need; doesn’t
42. Neither of them ____ the snake.
A. dares catch B. dares to catch C. dare catch D. dare catching
43. He ____ any help.
A. needn’t B. doesn’t need C. need D. do need
44. I’m afraid you must have met with many difficulties in the work, ____?
A. didn’t you B. aren’t you C. mustn’t you D. needn’t you
45. I wish to shake hands with you, ____?
A. will you B. shall we C. can you D. may I
46. Susan, you are so lazy. This job ____ hours before.
A. should finish B. could be finished C. must have been finished D. should have been finished
47. ____ if it were spring all the year round?
A. Shall it be nice B. Will it be nice C. Would it be nice D. Ought it to be nice
48. Jane: You MUST do as I tell you. Kate: Oh, I must, ____?
A. should B. mustn’t I C. ought I D. must I
49. I don’t suppose he’s finished the job, ____?
A. do you B. is he C. has he D. hasn’t he
50. He was too busy, otherwise he ____ to see you.
A. would go B. would be C. should have D. would have gone
51. --- You can swim about under the water like a fish. --- It’s easy! Babies can do it.
--- They can’t. You ____!
A. must joke B. may joke C. must be joking D. can be joking
52. --- Must I finish all the exercises today?
--- No, you ____, but you ____ finish them before Friday.
A. mustn’t; need B. don’t have to; must C. needn’t to; need D. shouldn’t; ought
53. The boy ____ play truant.
A. dares B. dared not to C. dares not to D. didn’t dare to
54. We west to work on foot yesterday, though he ____ by bus.
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. would have gone D. could have gone
55. “Don’t you know ____ get those gold medals?”
A. how Tim could B. how Tim was able to C. how was Tim able to D. how could Tim
情态动词部分
1-5 BCCDC 6-10 ABCDC 11-15 DDCBD 16-20 DDBDB
21-25 DDDDC 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CCADC 36-40 CDAAD
41-45 BDBAD 46-50 DCDCD 51-55 CBDDB
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