2020中考英语试题解析汇编专题06 完形填空 31页

专题06 完形填空（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）‎ ‎1.【2018年四川省宜宾】American President Roosevelt’s house was once broken into and lots of things were stolen. Hearing this, one of Roosevelt’s friends wrote to him and _____11_____ him not to take it to his heart so much. President Roosevelt _____12_____ back at once, saying, “Dear friend, thank you for your letter to comfort me. I’m all right now. I think I should thank God. This is because of the following three ___13___ : firstly, the thief (小偷) only stole things from me _____14_____ did not hurt me at all; secondly,‎ the thief has stolen some of my things _____15_____ all my things; thirdly, most _____16_____ for me, it was the man _____17_____ me who became a thief.”‎ It was quite unlucky for anyone to be stolen from. However, President Roosevelt was so ___18___.‎ It is _____19_____ for anyone to be lucky and successful all the time as long as he lives on the earth. We should learn how to ______20______ failure or misfortune bravely and to try to deal with it. Being thankful can bring us a better life.‎ ‎11. A. required B. advised C. ordered ‎12. A. wrote B. talked C. called ‎13. A. examples B. steps C. reasons ‎14. A. or B. but C. so ‎15. A. ahead of B. instead of C. apart from ‎16. A. luckily B. badly C. sadly 31‎ ‎17. A. less than B. more than C. rather than ‎18. A. sorry B. thankful C. angry ‎19. A. easy B. natural C. impossible ‎20. A. face B. value C. find ‎【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. A ‎【解析】文章通过讲述了美国总统罗斯福的房子被偷了的故事，来告诉人们我们应该学会勇敢的面对失败或灾难。‎ ‎11. 句意：他的一个朋友写信告诉他，建议他不要太放在心上。A. required 要求； B. advised 建议； C. ordered命令；根据one of Roosevelt’s friends可知应是建议；故选B ‎12. 句意：罗斯福马上写回信。A. wrote 写； B. talked 谈话； C. called喊，叫；根据one of Roosevelt’s friends wrote to him可知是写回信；故选A ‎13. 句意：这是因为以下三个原因。A. examples 例子； B. steps步骤； C. reasons原因；根据firstly, secondly,和thirdly,讲的三个感谢上帝的原因；故选C ‎14. 句意：小偷只是偷了我的东西，但是一点也没伤到我。A. or否则； B. but 但是； C. so因此；根据the thief (小偷) only stole things from me 和 did not hurt me at all之间是转折关系；故选B ‎15. 句意：小偷只是偷了我的东西，而不是所有的东西。A. ahead of 在---之前； B. instead of 而不是； C. apart from除---之外；根据the thief has stolen some of my things和 all my things;之间是而不是连接；故选B ‎16. 句意：对我最幸运的是，贼是那个人而不是我。A. luckily 幸运的； B. badly坏的； C. sadly伤心的；根据it was the man _____7_____ me who became a thief贼是那个人而不是我；可知是幸运的；故选A ‎19. 句意：只要活在地球上，一直幸运和成功对任何人来说是不可能的。A. easy 容易的； B. natural 自然的； C. impossible不可能的；根据We should learn how to ______10______ failure or misfortune bravely我们应该学会勇敢的面对失败或灾难。可知一直幸运和成功对任何人来说是不可能的；故选C ‎20. 句意：我们应该学会勇敢的面对失败或灾难。A. face 面对； B. value 价值； C.‎ 31‎ ‎ find发现；根据try to deal with it.尽力处理它；可知是勇敢的面对；故选A ‎2.【2018年浙江省金华】One morning, when I was leaving for my business, a middle-aged man came up and asked me for help. He said he had no ____1____ to get food for his large family.‎ You look ____2____. Why don’ t you work？” I asked．“ Simply because I cannot get work, sir.”“If I give you work, what pay do you want?” “____3____ I can get bread for my family, sir.” he answered.‎ I decided to find out if he ___4___ meant what he said. "OK. I'll give you one pound an hour, if you will ___5___ a brick(砖)under your arm and walk around the square for five hours without stopping. “”Thank you, sir. I will. “‎ I found a brick and started him on his walk before I went to my ____6____. I never thought he would he had ____7____.‎ When I came back five hours later, I saw him ____8____ walking, with the brick under his arm.‎ I stopped him and gave him ____9____ pounds. He thanked me and told me that some people had _____10_____ to help him when they knew why he was doing all this. He would go and ask _____11_____ for work. Before leaving, he asked if I would give him the _____12_____.I did.‎ Several years later, a well-dressed man greeted me on a train. Seeing I was not sure who he was, he ____13____ that he was the brick man and had his own business now. “You know, I still keep that brick and always value it as the most _____14_____ thing I have as it has brought me luck and success.”‎ ‎_____15_____, it was not the brick that made the man successful, but his faithfulness(坚定) in doing even a very little thing.‎ ‎1. A. courage B. money C. plan D. time ‎2. A. funny B. sick C. serious D. strong ‎3. A. As long as B. As soon as C. Even if D. Ever since ‎4. A. certainly B. simple C. really D. usually ‎5. A. break B. carry C. fix D. hide ‎6. A. business B. lesson C. programme D. research ‎7. A. planned B. prepared C. promised D. suggested ‎8. A. also B. already C. even D. still ‎9. A. four B. five C. six D. seven 31‎ ‎10. A. continued B. forgotten C. offered D. refused ‎11. A. him B. them C. me D. her ‎12. A. brick B. chance C. job D. bread ‎13. A. explained B. imagined C. realised D. supposed ‎14. A. beautiful B. expensive C. important D. interesting ‎15. A. As a result B. At last C. In a word D. In fact ‎【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D ‎1. 句意：他说他没有钱为他的大家庭买食物。A. courage 勇气；B. money钱；C. plan 计划；D. time时间。根据前面的句子“a middle-aged man came up and asked me for help.”一个中年男子向我寻求帮助，想找一份工作，可知他家境不好，没有钱为他的大家庭买食物。答案为B。‎ ‎4. 句意：我决定验证他是不是真的打算按照他所说去做。A. certainly 当然地，确定；B. simple简单的；C. really真正地；D. usually通常。此处是想检验中年男子所说与所做是否真的一致，故答案选C。‎ ‎5. 句意：如果你将一块砖头放在你的胳膊下，绕着广场不定地走五个小时。A. break打破；B. carry 携带；C. fix修理；D. hide躲藏。根据下文中的句子“with the brick under his arm.”判断，此处表达的意思是拿着一块砖，绕着广场不定地走五个小时，只有B答案复合题意。‎ ‎6. 句意：在我去做生意之前，我找到了一块砖头，让他开始走路。A. business生意；B. lesson 功课；C. programme 节目；D. research研究。根据前文中的句子“when I was leaving for my business,”可知，此处是继续去做生意，故答案为A。‎ ‎7. 句意：我从没想到他会做他承诺过的事情。A. planned计划；B. prepared准备；C. promised承诺；D. suggested建议。前面中年男子说过“As long as I can get bread for my family,‎ 31‎ ‎ sir.”作者没有把他的话当真，我从没想到他会做，应该就是指前面男子所承诺过的话，故答案为C。‎ ‎8. 句意：我看见他还在走路。A. also也；B. already已经；C. even 甚至；D. still仍然。根据下文中的句子“I stopped him and gave him ____9____ pounds.”可知，作者回来的时候，中年男子还在走路，故答案为D。‎ ‎9. 句意：我叫停了他，送给了他五英镑。A. four 四；B. five 五；C. six 六；D. seven七。前文提到作者一个小时支付一英镑，走了五个小时就是五英镑，故答案为B。‎ ‎10. 句意：当他们知道他为什么要做这一切的时候，有人主动提出帮助他。A. continued继续；B. forgotten 忘记；C. offered提供；D. refused拒绝。根据后面的句子ask for work可知，有人愿意给他提供帮助，offer to help him给他提供帮助，故答案为C。‎ ‎11. 句意：他会去向他们寻求工作。A. him 他；B. them他们；C. me我；D. her她。根据前面的句子“He thanked me and told me that some people had offered to help him”有一些人愿意提供帮助，因此向他们寻求工作，答案为B。‎ ‎12. 句意：临走前，他问我是否愿意把砖头给他。A. brick砖头；B. chance机会；C. job工作；D. bread面包。根据下文中的句子“I still keep that brick”判断，作者向那位中年男子索要了那块砖头，故答案为A。‎ ‎13. 句意：他解释说他是个砖匠，现在有了自己的生意。A. explained解释；B. imagined设想，想象；C. realised意识到；D. supposed假设。根据“that he was the brick man and had his own business now”可知中年男子向自己解释了他的身份，故答案为A。‎ ‎14. 句意：我仍然保留着那块砖头，总是把它看作是我最重要的东西。A. beautiful漂亮的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. important重要的；D. interesting有趣的。根据后面的句子“I have as it has brought me luck and success.”它给我带来了好运和成功，因此这块砖被作者视为最重要的东西。答案为C。‎ 31‎ 点睛：完形填空题与单项选择题不同，它给出的是一篇意思较为完整的短文。做该题型试题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判断，从4个选项中选出一项进行试填。考生可以从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方面去考虑。最后应再把全文通览一遍，细心检查所选答案能否使短文上下连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，使短文意思完整。检查时还应从语法、惯用法、逻辑推理和事情发生的情节等方面进行考虑，以达到准确无误之目的。第1小题是考查名词词义辨析，要结合上下文做出准确判断，根据前面的句子“a middle-aged man came up and asked me for help.”一个中年男子向我寻求帮助，想寻找一份工作，可知他家境不好，没有钱为他的大家庭买食物。答案为B。第9小题是考查数字计算，结合前面的相关信息得知一个小时支付一英镑，一共走了五个小时，就可以算出正确答案。 ‎ ‎3.【2018年湖南省衡阳市中考】Numbers in different countries may have different meanings. In China, some people think that some numbers bring them___1___. Take “8” for example, the Chinese pronunciation of the number “8” has almost the___2___sound as that of the Chinese character “发[fa:]”, which means making a fortune. So, many Chinese people spend a lot of___3___to get their telephone numbers or car numbers to include this number “8”. They believe without___4___doubt that the number will bring them money.‎ ‎___5___, others don’t believe that numbers have anything to do with good luck. They think such an idea is only an ignorant(愚昧的) and superstitious(迷信的) belief. A number is one thing, and good luck is___6___. They will ask, “___7___can you ever have any good luck simply because of some lucky numbers, even if you don’t work hard, don’t have good opportunities and don’t get along well with the people around you?”‎ As for me, I___8___with the latter(后者). Clearly, lucky numbers are only a kind of superstition. Perhaps it holds true for some cases, but often it does not. Numbers can___9___bring good luck to a person at all and our fortune is in our own hands. So, everyone can have a good fortune only if he tries his best. Let’s always remember “Opportunities are only for the___10___mind” and “No pains, no gains.”‎ ‎1. A. good luck B. had luck C. failure ‎2. A. different B. same C. similar ‎3. A. time B. money C. things ‎4. A. no B. some C. any ‎5. A. However B. What’s more C. At last ‎6. A. other B. the other C. another ‎7. A. How B. What C. Why ‎8. A. agree B. disagree C. dislike ‎9. A. often B. always C. never ‎10. A. clever B. lucky C. prepared 31‎ ‎【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C ‎2. 句意：以“8”为例，数字“8”的中文发音与汉字“发[fa：]”几乎相同，意味着发财。考查形容词辨析题。be different from不同于；the same as和……相同的；the similar to和……相似的。根据句意结构，可知选B。‎ ‎3. 句意：因此，许多中国人花了很多钱来获取他们的电话号码或车号以包含这个数字“8”。考查名词辨析题。spend time/money to do，花费时间/金钱做某事；根据下文They believe without any doubt that the number will bring them money.，结合句意语境，可知获得好的号码需要花钱，故选B。‎ ‎4. 句意：毫无疑问，他们相信这个数字会为他们带来金钱。考查形容词辨析题。A. no没有的；B. some一些的；C. any任何的。空格处为定语，修饰介宾（名词）doubt，需填形容词；without any doubt毫无疑问，相当于no doubt无疑地；根据句意语境，可知选C。‎ ‎5. 句意：然而，其他人不相信数字与好运有任何关系。考查连词辨析题。A. However然而，用于转折；B. What’s more更重要的是，用于强调；C. At last最后。本句和前文是转折关系，表达两种截然不同的观点，需要however连接；根据句意语境，可知选A。‎ ‎6. 句意：数字是一回事，好运是另一回事。考查不定代词辨析题。A. other别的，形容词，后接名词；B. the other两者中的另一个，表特指；C. another又一个/再一个，表示不确定。空白处后面没有名词，需用代词；根据句中的"one"可知，两句是"one…another"结构，意思是"一个……另一个……"，可知选C。‎ ‎7. 句意：你怎么可能仅仅因为一些幸运数字而拥有好运呢？考查疑问词辨析题。A. How怎么，问情况；B. What（是）什么，问事/物；C. Why为什么，问原因。空格处为状语，表方式，需用how提问；根据句意语境，可知BC两项不合句意，故选A。‎ ‎9. 句意：数字永远不会给一个人带来好运，我们的财富掌握在自己手中。考查副词辨析题。A. often经常；B. always总是/一直；C. never从不，表否定。空格处为状语，根据句中的"at 31‎ ‎ all"可知，需用表示否定意义的副词，故选C。‎ ‎10. 句意：让我们永远记住“机遇只适合准备好的人”和“没有痛苦，没有收获”。考查形容词辨析题。A. clever聪明的；B. lucky幸运的；C. prepared事先准备好的。根据句意语境，结合名言，可知prepared合乎句意，故选C。‎ 点睛：完型填空是难度最大的题。它集阅读理解、语法、词法、句法于一体。是考查语言综合运用的能力的一道题。解题的方法第一要带着空，通读文章，搞清事件发生的背景。紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索，语法知识,以及句子之间的关系，词的搭配，结合上下文背景语境，结合句意选择适合语境的选项。‎ ‎4.【2018年湖北省孝感】A traveler was in a large desert, planning to walk across it in one month. Twenty more days passed the journey had been going on___16___. "Soon I'll be able to walk out of this desert," he thought gladly.‎ But the desert was never friendly___17___travelers. In a short time, there came a strong sandstorm. He hurriedly______18______his head with the clothes, prostrate on the sand. After about ten minutes, the sandstorm_____19_____. He shook the clothes and stood up. At that moment, he found himself in a hopeless situation-the backpack with food and water was swept away by the____20____. ‎ As we know, it seems ___21___ to leave the desert without food and water.____22____, he had a pear left. He held it in his hands tightly. "Not too bad, at least I have a pear. I______23______I can walk out of the desert.”‎ Days and nights went by quickly, but the desert still looked endless. Besides, hunger, thirst and fear of_____24_____were always around him like ghosts,______25______, each time he was close to losing hope, he forced himself to stare at the pear that he had been_____26_____. "Not too had, at least I have a pear.”‎ A small pear became the____27____for his survival(生存). Three days later,_____28_____he saw a village not far away, he laughed with excitement. He felt completely relaxed-the "pear” brought him back to___29___.‎ To keep hope is the best weapon(武器) for victory, so never tell you“_____30_____" because only if you try to search, you can always find a "pear" to pull you out of trouble.‎ ‎16. A. well B. badly C. terribly D. heavily ‎17. A. at B. on C. to D. by ‎18. A. played B. beat C. filled D. covered 31‎ ‎19. A. began B. stopped C. hid D. continued ‎20. A. snow B. desert C. sandstorm D. smoke ‎21. A. right B. impossible C. safe D. important ‎22. A. Carefully B. Easily C. Sadly D. Luckily ‎23. A. believe B. wonder C. remember D. advise ‎24. A. death B. pain C. illness D. sand ‎25. A. Also B. And C. Or D. However ‎26. A. smelling B. eating C. keeping D. imagining ‎27. A. hope B. rule C. question D. plan ‎28. A. as long as B. even if C. so that D. as soon as ‎29. A danger B. sleep C. life D. mind ‎30. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything ‎【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D ‎ ‎29. C 30. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 试题分析：一个旅行者在一个大沙漠里，遇上沙尘暴，食物和水都被沙尘暴吹走了，只剩下一个梨，旅行者把“梨”看作走出沙漠的希望，最终摆脱困境，成功走出沙漠。 ‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 句意：又过了二十天，旅行进行得很顺利。A. well副词，好； B. badly副词，糟糕地；C. terribly 副词，可怕地；D. heavily副词，沉重地、猛烈地。根据后文he thought gladly.可知，旅行“go on well进展顺利”。故选：A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：他匆忙地用衣服盖住头，趴在沙子上。A. played动词，玩；B. beat动词，敲打；C. filled动词，填满；D. covered动词，覆盖。根据语境可知，“沙尘暴”来了，用衣服“盖住”头。故选：D。‎ 31‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 句意：大约十分钟后，沙尘暴停止了。A. began动词，开始；B. stopped动词，停止；C. hid 动词，躲藏；D. continued动词，继续。根据后文He shook the clothes and stood up.可知，沙尘暴“停了”。故选：B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 句意：在那一刻，他发现自己处于绝望的境地，背包和食物和水被沙尘暴清扫走了。A. snow名词，雪；B. desert名词，沙漠；C. sandstorm名词，沙尘暴；D. smoke名词，烟。根据前文在谈论“沙尘暴”，可知本处指“沙尘暴”。故选：C。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 句意：正如我们所知，离开食物和水似乎是不可能离开沙漠的。A. right形容词，对的；B. impossible形容词，不可能的；C. safe形容词，安全的；D. important形容词，重要的。根据常识可知，“没有水和食物”离开“沙漠”是“不可能的”。故选：B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意：幸运的是，他的一个梨被留了下来。A. Carefully副词，仔细地；B. Easily副词，容易地；C. Sadly副词，悲伤地；D. Luckily副词，幸运地。食物和水被沙尘暴吹走，剩下一个梨当然是幸运地。故选：D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 句意：我相信我能走出沙漠。A. believe 动词，相信；B. wonder动词，想知道；C. remember动词，记住；D. advise动词，建议。根据前文Not too bad, at least I have a pear.可知，这个旅行者有信心。故选：A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 句意：此外，饥饿、口渴和死亡的恐惧总是萦绕在他身边，像幽灵一样。A. death名词，死；B. pain名词，疼痛；C. illness名词，疾病；D. sand名词，沙子。根据语境“在沙漠里，没有食物和水”的语境可知，此处指“死亡的恐惧”。故选：A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 句意：然而，每次他几乎失去希望的时候，他强迫自己盯着他一直保存的梨。A. Also副词或连词，也、另外；B. And连词，和、又，表示并列或承接关系；C. Or连词，或者，表示选择关系；D. However连词，然而，表示转折关系。根据前后文的关系可知为“转折关系”。故选：D。‎ 31‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 句意：一只小梨子成了他生存的希望。A. hope 名词，希望；B. rule名词，规则；C. question名词，问题；D. plan名词，计划。根据前文的描述可知，“梨”是他生存的希望。故选：A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 句意：三天后，他一看到不远处的一个村庄，就兴奋地笑了起来。A. as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句；B. even if 即使，引导让步状语从句；C. so that为了，引导目的状语从句；D. as soon as一…就…, 引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知，主从句是时间关系。故选：D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 句意：他完全放松了—“梨子”使他活了过来。A danger名词，危险；B. sleep名词，睡觉；C. life名词，生命、生活；D. mind名词，心、头脑。bring back to life使复活，给…以活力。故选：C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 句意：保持希望是胜利的最好武器，所以永远不要告诉你“没有东西”，因为只有你努力去寻找，你才能找到一个“梨”来帮助你摆脱困境。A. anything不定代词，任何事情，通常用在否定句或疑问句中；B. nothing 不定代词，没有东西，否定含义；C. something不定代词，某事、某物，通常用在肯定句中；D. everything不定代词，任何事情。根据语境可知“没有东西”之意。故选：B。‎ ‎【点睛】整体把握语篇大意，揣摩上下文文意，理解语境并选择最符合作者表达意图的选项；牢记常见的不定代词和副词，把握其各自含义和用法；理清上下文之间的转折、并列、因果、补充说明等关系，选择合适的连词。‎ ‎5.【2018年湖南省张家界】Last weekend we went camping in a small village in India. First, we took a long bus ride to a lake in the countryside. Then we ___1___ our tents and made a fire to keep us ___2___ and cook food on. On the first night, we just sat under ___3___ moon and told each other stories.‎ The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. When we looked out of our ___4___, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. I was so scared ___5___ I couldn’t move. We shouted to our parents for help. My dad started ___6___ up and down in the tent. This woke the snake up and it moved away. My dad told ___7___ later that snakes don’t have ears but can feel things moving. He ___8___ told me it was important not to go near a snake. This was a very useful lesson for me.‎ ‎1. A. put up B. put down C. gave up ‎2. A. cool B. cold C. warm 31‎ ‎3. A. a B. an C. the ‎4. A. tent B. bus C. house ‎5. A. that B. which C. if ‎6. A. jump B. jumped C. to jump ‎7. A. I B. me C. my ‎8. A. too B. also C. either ‎【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一则小故事，讲了一家人去印度一个小村庄野营期间的故事。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 句意：然后我们搭起了我们的帐篷并生起了火以让我们保持温暖并且在上面做饭。A.凉爽的B.寒冷的C.温暖的，keep sb + adj意为“让某人保持…的状态”，make a fire意为“生火”，所以是让我们保持暖和，故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 句意：在第一个晚上，我们只是坐在月亮下面，给彼此讲故事。moon意为“月亮”，是独一无二的星体，类似太阳sun，通常只能在其前面加定冠词the，这里under the moon意为“在月亮下面”，故选C。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 句意：当我们向我们的帐篷外面看的时候，我们看到一条大蛇睡在火堆附近。A.帐篷B.公交汽车C.房子，这里的时间是“the next morning”第二天早上，所以我们起来应该是从自己的帐篷tent朝外面看，故选A。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 句意：我很害怕以至于我不能动了。So +adj + that…意为“如此…以至于…”，不存在so…that/if的结构，这里是说“如此”害怕以至于不能动了，故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 句意：我的爸爸开始在帐篷里面上上下下地跳跃。动词jump意为“跳跃”，start to do意为“开始做…”，这里是说“开始跳跃”，start后加动词不定式to jump，故选C。‎ 31‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 句意：我爸爸后来告诉我蛇没有耳朵但是能够感觉到东西在移动。A.我（主格）B.我（宾格）C.我的，told意为“告诉”，是动词，这里是“告诉我”，“我”在这里做动词told的宾语，所以需要使用宾格me，故选B。‎ ‎6.【2018年湖南省张家界】Chinese writer Mo Yan has won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature (文学). He is the first Chinese ___9___ has won this prize. ‎ Mo Yan was born into a family in Shangdong ___10___ 1955. He left school at the age of twelve, first on a farm and ___11___ in a factory. In 1976 he ___12___ the PLA and during this time he began to study ___13___. His first short story came out in 1981. He has written many famous books about his childhood and his hometown. Many of his books have been translated into English, French and many other ___14___.‎ Mo Yan’s winning of the Nobel Prize is bringing more confidence (自信) to the nation’s young ___15___.‎ ‎9. A. which B. who C. what ‎10. A. on B. in C. at ‎11. A. later B. last C. lately ‎12. A. join B. joins C. joined ‎13. A. drawing B. farming C. writing ‎14. A. languages B. subjects C. lessons ‎15. A. speakers B. writers C. listeners ‎【答案】9. B 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 31‎ 本文简单讲述了2012诺贝尔文学奖的获得者莫言的相关情况。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 句意：莫言生于1955年，在一个山东的家庭里。1955是年份，表示“在…某一年”需要使用介词in，on通常指的是“在某一天”，at指的是“在…具体点钟”，故选B。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 句意：他十二岁的时候离开了学校，开始在农场上，后来在一家工厂里。A.后来B.最后的C.最近，这里和first（起初）呼应，是说“后来”later他去了一家工厂，故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 句意：在1976年，他加入了中国人民解放军…。Join是动词，意为“加入”，这是在说1976年的事情，是过去的事情，需要使用一般过去时joined，故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 句意：在这段时间期间，他开始学习写作。A.画画B.农事C.写作，从开头就知道莫言获得的是诺贝尔文学奖，加之后面看到他出版了短篇故事，所以他应该学的是写作，故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 句意：他的许多书已经被翻译成了英语、法语和许多其他的语言。A.语言，B,主题；科目C.课程，从“英语、法语”这里看出他的作品应该是被翻译成了许多其他的“语言”languages，故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 句意：莫言赢得诺贝尔奖给国家的青年作家正带来更多的自信。A.发言人B.作家C.听众，莫言是作家，所以他获奖应该能够鼓舞青年作家，故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】本题第2题出现了时间介词的考查，这里总结一下时间介词in, on, at的用法：1、at指时间表示：（1）时间的一点、时刻等，如： at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn。（2）较短暂的一段时间，可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子，如：at Christmas。2、in指时间表示：（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内，如：in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening。（2）在一段时间之后，一般情况下，用于将来时，意为“在……以后”，如：He will arrive in two hours.（他在两个小时后会到达）。3、on指时间表示：（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等，如：On Christmas 31‎ ‎ Day，On May 4th，（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上，如： on the night of the 5th.‎ ‎7.【2018年四川广安市中考】Once a gentleman was traveling in a train. He felt ___6___ and got down at a station to look for some water. But when he got to the water tap, the train had started. He ran back but ___7___ the train.‎ It was getting late and he decided to spend the night at the station. The next morning he asked about the next ___8___ . He came to know that the next train was on the other day. So he decided to find a place for a day's stay It was getting ___9___ and he could not find a place near the station.‎ At last he reached a small village. He asked a villager ___10___ he could stay in his house for a night. The villager agreed. The villager cooked him food and ___11___ him a room to stay. But he did not ask for anything in return.‎ At seven in the evening, the gentleman heard a knock at the door, The villager opened the door. It was a ___12___ man in black. He asked the man to pay his debts (债务).‎ The next morning, the gentleman ___13___ some money on the bed. When the villager found the money, he also found a note. It said: "You ___14___ me but didn't want any pay from me.‎ Yesterday I heard the conversation between you and the rich man. I knew that you were in need of ___15___ . This is what you need."‎ ‎6. A. hungry B. thirsty C. tired D. busy ‎7. A. caught B. missed C. got D. saw ‎8. A. bus B. ship C. plane D. train ‎9. A. dark B. clean C. dirty D. quiet ‎10. A. and B. or C. if D. but ‎11. A. gave B. built C. had D. bought ‎12. A. poor B. rich C. ugly D. nice ‎13. A. forgot B. remembered C. left D. borrowed ‎14. A. cooked B. taught C. talked D. helped ‎15. A. food B. money C. time D. house ‎8.【2018年江苏省苏州】Alex was a giraffe who lived in a zoo with his mum, dad and other giraffe friends. As Alex grew, he_____16_____his neck was much shorter than the others’. He began to 31‎ ‎ get____17____. But his mother told him that he was special. She said it did not matter how short or long his neck was.‎ Alex tried not to think about his short____18____ But as his friends grew taller and taller, his neck_____19_____short. Sometimes the other giraffes____20____ him, but his parents told him not to worry. They said that he should be happy with himself the way he was. He tried, but he could not even play in some girafre sports. He was just too____21____. ‎ One day, one of the zoo workers came and took Alex away. Alex was frightened. Would he have to leave the zoo just___22___he didn’t have a long neck? The zoo worker calmed Alex down and gave him some food. He felt better. Then he led Alex into another area of the zoo. There was a small_____23_____between the two areas. Alex was the only giraffe that could fit through it.‎ Soon Alex’s parents came to see him. “I told you that you were special,” his mother said. “The zoo has made a place just for ____24____ because so many people want to see how special you are!” She was right. Visitors pointed to him and screamed____25____. They looked happy to see something so special at the zoo.‎ ‎16. A. wondered B. found C. hoped D. agreed ‎17. A. powerful B. interested C. energetic D. worried ‎18. A. leg B. tail C. neck D. nose ‎19. A. stayed B. became C. turned D. felt ‎20. A. looked after B. fell behind C. laughed at D. heard of ‎21. A. tall B. short C. fat D. thin ‎22. A. after B. unless C. because D. before ‎23. A. cage B. hole C. window D. door ‎24. A. him B. you C. us D. me ‎25. A. excitedly B. angrily C. sadly D. heavily ‎【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ Alex是一只与众不同的长颈鹿，他的脖子比其他长颈鹿都要短，他很担心。但是他的父母告诉他说他是特别的，的确如此，Alex吸引了很多游客来动物园参观。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 31‎ 句意：当他长大的时候，他发现他的脖子要比其他长颈鹿的更短。wondered 想知道；found发现；hoped希望；agreed同意。根据空后面的句意his neck was much shorter than the others’可知，这是Alex发现的事实，故应选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：Alex尽力的不去想他的短脖子。leg 腿；tail尾巴；neck脖子；nose鼻子。根据上文his neck was much shorter than the others’可知，Alex的脖子比别人的更短，故应选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 句意：但是随着他的朋友们长得越来越高，他的脖子还是保持很短。stayed 保持，停留；became变成；turned变成；felt感觉。根据句意可知，Alex的朋友们长得越来越高，但是他的脖子仍然很短，这里表示继续保持某种状态，应用stay，是一个系动词，选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 句意：有时候其他的长颈鹿嘲笑他，但是他的父母告诉他不要担心。looked after 照顾；fell下落，掉下；behind 在…后面；laughed at嘲笑；heard of听说。根据下句话but his parents told him not to worry. They said that he should be happy with himself the way he was.可知，Alex的父母告诉他不要担心，因此这里是说Alex受到了别人的嘲笑，故应选C。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 句意：他太矮了。tall 高的；short短的，矮的；fat胖的；thin瘦的。根据上文But as his friends grew taller and taller, his neck_____4_____short.可知，Alex是很矮的，所以不能去参加一些运动。故应选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意：难道就因为他没有长脖子，他就不得不离开动物园了吗？after 在…之后；unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；before在…之前，引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“因为他没有长脖子，所以离开动物园”，说的是原因，故应选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 31‎ 句意：在两块区域之间有一个小门。cage 笼子；hole洞；window窗户；door门。根据下句话Alex was the only giraffe that could fit through it.可知，只有Alex能通过它，这里的it指的就是这个题目的答案，故A是不对的。B选项和C选项对于长颈鹿来说都太小了，不大可能；D选项“门”比较合理，在动物园的两个区域之间有个门，因此应选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 句意：动物园专门给你制作了一个地方，因为有那么多人想要看到你是多么的特别！him 他，人称代词宾格；you 你；us 我们，人称代词宾格；me我，人称代词宾格。根据文意可知，这是Alex的父母对他说的话，在引号中应该称呼为“你”，故应选B。‎ ‎【点睛】这篇短文给我们讲述了长颈鹿Alex的故事，他的脖子比其他长颈鹿的都要更短，他一开始很担心。但他的父母说他是特别的，最后真的是，很多游客都来动物园看这只特别的长颈鹿。文章是故事类的短文，文意比较容易理解。题型是完型填空，考查学生们在具体情境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强，学生们既需具备好的阅读理解、推理判断的能力，也需要对词汇的用法比较熟悉。完型填空这一题型是在具体语境中考查词汇的用法，选项中的词汇常常词性相同，在句中的作用一样，我们需要把他们放在文章中，联系上下文选择最合适的。做题时，应先通读短文，掌握大意；然后逐空做题，先易后难，注意上下文的语境提示和空前后的固定搭配；最后应再读一遍短文，检查答案。例如第2小题，选项中是四个形容词，联系上下文的意思his neck was much shorter than the others’. …But his mother told him that he was special. She said it did not matter how short or long his neck was.可知，Alex的脖子比其他长颈鹿的更短，下文说他的妈妈安慰他，说他很特别。由此我们可以推测出Alex的感受，他很担心，故应选D。再如第10小题，选项中都是副词，根据下句话They looked happy to see something so special at the zoo可知，游客们在动物园里看到了很特别的东西，他们很开心，所以四个选项中只有A与happy意思相近，这里应该是“兴奋地尖叫”，故选A。 ‎ ‎9.【2018年内蒙古通辽市】Bike-sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities. It is good to the ___16___development of the big cities.‎ ‎   A ___17___ by a company found that shared bikes started the nation’s___18___for bikes again. Now more and more Chinese people are ___19___bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.‎ ‎      An engineer of that company says that since the start of shared bikes,‎ 31‎ ‎ people___20___fewer trips by car. The love for shared bikes is not only among ___21___ people, who were born in the 1980 s and 1990s, but also among people over sixty.‎ At weekends, the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the ___22___of all cities. On weekdays, the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to work is____23____in Shanghai.‎ It is said that bike-sharing will help___24___the cities’ environment. It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of____25____in cities. Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes, an area of five Bird’s Nest stadiums will be saved.‎ ‎16. A. harmful B. sudden C. slow D. healthy ‎17. A. report B. suggestion C. rule D. plan ‎18. A. preparation B. love C. search D. worry ‎19. A. repairing B. locking C. choosing D. pushing ‎20. A. will made B. have made C. are making D. are made ‎21. A. strong B. young C. old D. weak ‎22. A. corner B. line C. top D. side ‎23. A. going up B. giving away C. coming over D. putting off ‎24. A. experience B. improve C. discover D. separate ‎25. A. space B. money C. air D. time ‎【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 句意：它对大城市的健康发展是有好处的。harmful有害的；sudden突然的；slow慢的；healthy健康的。根据下文It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of___10___in cities.可知，共享单车对城市的发展是有好处的，所以这里应该是健康发展，故选D。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 31‎ 句意：某公司的一项报告显示共享单车又燃起了人们对自行车的喜爱。report报告；suggestion建议；rule规则；plan计划。根据句意…found that…可知，这里应该是调查报告显示的结果，故应选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：某公司的一项报告显示共享单车又燃起了人们对自行车的喜爱。preparation 准备；love热爱；search搜索，搜寻；worry担心。根据下文The love for shared bikes is not only…可知，人们自行车非常的喜爱，故应选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 句意：那个公司的一个工程师说自从开始共享单车，人们就很少乘汽车出行了。will made形式错误，will后用动词原形；have made现在完成时；are making 现在进行时；are made一般现在时的被动语态。make a trip去旅行，是固定短语，句中since的意思是“自从…”，常和现在完成时态搭配使用，故应选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 句意：对共享单车的喜爱不仅在出生于上世纪80年代和90年代的年轻人中间，还有一些超过六十岁的老人。strong强壮的；young 年轻的；old老的；weak弱的。根据空后who were born in the 1980s and 1990s可知，这里说的是出生在八、九十年代的年轻人，故应选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意：在周末，深圳的骑自行车的人数达到了所有城市之首。corner角落；line路线；top 顶，顶端；side边，侧面。根据句中the number of riders…可知，这里说的是周末深圳骑自行车的人数，因此应该是“达到顶端”，也就是所有城市中最多的。故应选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 句意：在工作日，上海使用共享单车上班的人数增长了。going up上升；giving away捐赠，泄密；coming over顺便来访；putting off推迟。根据上文Now more and more Chinese people are ___4___bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.可知，选择共享单车出行的人数越来越多了，所以这里应该是人数上升了，故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 句意：据说共享单车有助于改善城市的环境。experience经历，体验；improve提高，改善；discover发现；separate分离，分开。根据下句话It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of___10___in 31‎ ‎ cities可知，共享单车不仅帮助解决交通问题，还有助于充分利用城市的空间，这都是对城市有利的，故应选B。‎ ‎【点睛】这篇短文给我们介绍了共享单车对城市发展的好处。短文主题贴近学生们的日常生活，学生们对此比较熟悉和了解。文章句子结构也比较简单，容易理解。题型是完型填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后逐空做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配和上下文的语境提示；最后应再读一遍短文，检查答案。例如第1小题，根据文意以及下文中It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of___10___in cities.可知，共享单车有助于解决城市的交通问题，充分利用城市空间，因此对城市的发展是有好处的，所以应该是健康发展，故选D。再如第8小题，根据上文Now more and more Chinese people are ___4___bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.可知，选择共享单车出行的人数越来越多了，所以这里应该是人数上升了，故选A。‎ ‎10.【2018年青海省西宁】Our children grew up on peanut butter (花生酱) and jelly (果酱) sandwiches. The delicious jelly made them ___16___ , and homemade was the best choice. I wasn't the jelly maker in this big family. My ___17___ was. It was always there. Jelly making was just a way of life for her. She ___18___ did it, following the same steps-from picking the fruit to setting the finished jelly on the shelf.‎ In April, my mother left us forever. We decided to ___19___ potted things in the house. Each of us chose from the many pots of tomato juice, green beans and jelly. The other day I ___20___ the jelly for a quick sandwich. I suddenly ___21___ something that I had not paid attention to before. This was the last pot we would have from my mother's loving hands. Our children had never known a day without their grandmother's jelly. It seemed like such a small thing, ___22___ it was a great treasure. Holding the last pot in my hand, my ___23___ traveled back to the old days. I saw her crying on my wedding (婚礼). I saw her ___24___ and hugging our children.‎ I put the jelly back on the shelf. No longer was it just a pot of jelly. ___25___ it was there,‎ 31‎ ‎ my mother would always live on.‎ ‎16. A. angry B. disappointed C. pleased D. sad ‎17. A. sister B. father C. husband D. mother ‎18. A. never B. always C. hardly D. seldom ‎19. A. divide B. sell C. spare D. waste ‎20. A. ran away B. took out C. threw away D. put away ‎21. A. searched B. created C. discovered D. realized ‎22. A. or B. and C. but D. so ‎23. A. hair B. memories C. hands D. head ‎24. A. beating B. picking C. kissing D. spreading ‎25. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As soon as ‎【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这篇短文作者分享了她对妈妈的回忆，她的妈妈喜欢做果酱，在她的妈妈去世后，作者得到了妈妈做果酱用的一个罐子，这个罐子能让她回忆起以前的时光，能让妈妈永远活在记忆里。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 句意：我的妈妈是（制作果酱的人）。sister 姐妹；father父亲；husband丈夫；mother妈妈。根据下文Jelly making was just a way of life for her…. This was the last pot we would have from my mother's loving hands. Our children had never known a day without their grandmother's jelly.可知，作者讲述了她的妈妈给他们制作果酱，她留下来的一些罐子让作者回忆起了妈妈在的日子。因此我们可以知道作者的妈妈制作果酱，故应选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：她总是按照相同的步骤制作果酱—从采摘水果到吧做好的果酱放到架子上。never 从不；always总是；hardly几乎不；seldom很少。根据上句话Jelly making was just a way of life for her.可知，制作果酱是妈妈的一种生活方式，因此她总是制作果酱，故应选B。‎ 31‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 句意：我们决定把家里的罐子分一下。divide 分开，划分；sell购买；spare分出，让出；waste浪费。根据上文In April, my mother left us forever可知，作者的妈妈离开了他们；再根据下句话Each of us chose from the many pots of tomato juice, green beans and jelly.可知，我们从很多罐子中选，由此可知他们是把这些罐子分一下，故应选A。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 句意：我突然意识到了我以前没有注意的事情。searched搜索，搜寻；created创作，创造；discovered发现；realized意识到。根据句意可知，这里是作者突然意识到了以前没有注意到的事情，故应选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意：它好像是这么小的一个东西，但是却是一个大的财富。or 或者，否则；and 和，而且；but但是；so因此，所以。根据前后两句话中such a small thing和a great treasure可知，这两句话之间的是转折的关系，故应选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 句意：手里拿着这最后一个罐子，我的回忆回到了过去的日子。hair 头发；memories记忆；hands手；head头。根据空后traveled back to the old days.可知，作者的记忆回到了过去的日子，即作者手里拿着罐子，又想起了一起妈妈在的日子。故应选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 句意：我看见她亲吻、拥抱我的孩子们。beating拍打；picking拾起，摘；kissing 亲吻；spreading传播，蔓延。根据空后的hugging our children可知，作者的妈妈拥抱她的孩子，能和拥抱并列的应该是kissing，亲吻，这句话表达了作者的妈妈对她的孩子的喜爱。故应选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 句意：只要它在那儿，我的妈妈就永远活着。As long as 只要；As far as远到…；据，就；As well as和…一样好；还有；As soon as一…就…。根据句意可知，这里的意思是只要罐子在那儿，就会让作者想起妈妈在的日子，妈妈就好像永远活着一样。故这里应用as long as引导条件状语从句，选A。‎ 31‎ ‎【点睛】这篇短文中作者给我们分享了她对妈妈的回忆，妈妈喜欢做果酱，她去世后留下的这些盛果酱的罐子，总是会让作者想起以前的日子。短文是记叙文，充满温情和亲情，读来非常受感动。文章篇幅虽然不长，语言也很简单、朴实，却能让我们体会出作者对妈妈的爱和想念。题型是完型填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读全文，了解大意；然后逐空做题，注意空前后的搭配和上下文的语境提示；最后应再读一遍短文，检查答案。做题时要善于发现和利用文中的信息，从字里行间寻找线索。遵循先易后难的原则，对于比较简单、一眼能知道答案的要坚决一点；遇到稍难的，可以先跳过去，先做下面简单的，往往读到下文，学生们能有所启发，前面的难题也就可以解决了。例如第2小题，上句话说作者不做果酱，那么是谁呢？这个问题的答案肯定会在下文有提示，根据下文Jelly making was just a way of life for her…. This was the last pot we would have from my mother's loving hands. Our children had never known a day without their grandmother's jelly.可知，制作果酱的是作者的妈妈，所以应选D。再如第7小题，这个题目考查的是连词，根据句中such a small thing和a great treasure可知，前一句话说这是一个很小的东西，而后面说它是一个巨大的财富，因此这两句话之间是转折的关系，故用but。‎ ‎11.【2018年山东省菏泽】阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ In order to reduce the stress on the students, Nanjing No. 1 High School has_____11_____a “mark bank”.The bank lets students “borrow” marks____12____they can pass exams, and then repay them in later tests.‎ Here’s____13____it works: The “mark bank” allows students to_____14_____marks if they fail the exam. But, just like real banks, it requires “clients (客户)” to pay back the loan (贷款) on time, with interest (利息). So students have to pay for the loan by getting extra marks in future exams. Some teachers also allow the students to repay the bank___15___doing lab experiments or giving public speeches. Students who don’t pay back their loans are blacklisted (列入黑名单) by the bank, just like in real life.‎ ‎ “I was sick before the mid-term exams and missed several geography classes,” one student said, “I failed the exam, so I am glad the ‘mark bank’ gave me a ___16___to pass the exam.” ‎ 31‎ ‎_____17_____many people think the “mark bank” is a great idea, not____18____supports the idea. Education expert Xiong Bingqi, for example, believes____19____ the “mark bank” is not proper, but thinks that it takes stress off the students. Others think that such an idea just causes students to be____20____in their studies.‎ ‎11. A. built B. created C. developed ‎12. A. so that B. if C. when ‎13. A. why B. what C. how ‎14. A. borrow B. lend C. buy ‎15. A. in B. by C. on ‎16. A. place B. time C. chance ‎17. A. Though B. But C. Because ‎18. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone ‎19. A. that B. which C. whether ‎20. A. busier B. smarter C. lazier ‎【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 短文大意：本文关注的是南京市第一中学创建“分数银行”的做法，介绍了它的使用方法，分析了它对于学生提高成绩的好处，同时提出了可能导致的问题。 ‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 句意：银行允许学生“借”分数，以便考试及格。考查连词辨析题。so that以便，表结果；if如果，表条件；when当……的时候，表时间。本句是目的状语从句，需用so that引导；根据句意语境，可知选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 句意：这就是它的工作原理。考查疑问词辨析题。why为什么，表原因；what什么，表事/物；how如何，表方式。本句动词work缺方式状语，需用how引导。根据句意语境，可知选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 31‎ 句意：“分数银行”允许学生在考试不及格时借分数。考查动词辨析题。borrow借入（from），lend借出（to），buy。根据句意语境，可知学生是从“分数银行”借入分数，需用borrow，故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 句意：一些老师还允许学生通过做实验或发表演讲来回报银行。考查介词辨析题。in和on表时间或方位；by通过，表方式，后接动名词。by doing lab experiments or giving public speeches通过做实验或发表演讲；根据句意语境，可知选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 句意：虽然很多人认为“分数银行”是一个很棒的想法，但并非每个人都支持这个想法。考查连词辨析题。though尽管，表让步；but但是，表转折；because因为，表原因。本句前后是转折关系，但but不可用于句首，需用though。根据句意结构，可知选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：虽然很多人认为“分数银行”是一个很棒的想法，但并非每个人都支持这个想法。考查不定代词辨析题。someone有些人，多用于肯定句；everyone每个人，强调个体；anyone任何人，在非肯定句中代替someone。根据句意语境，可知everyone符合句意，故选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 句意：例如，教育专家熊丙奇相信“分数银行”是不合适的，考查宾语从句引导词。that无实义，可省略；which哪一个；whether是否，多和or not连用。本句是宾语从句，从句结构完整，根据句意结构，联系下文but thinks that it takes stress off the students.，可知选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 句意：其他人认为这样的想法只会使学生在学习上变得更加懒惰。考查形容词比较级辨析题。A. busier更忙的；B. smarter更聪明的；C. lazier更懒的。others其他人，根据句意语境，可知这是其他的反对观点，lazier更合句意，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】本题是完型填空，它集阅读理解、语法、词法、句法于一体，是难度最大的题，重点考查语言综合运用的能力。解题的方法第一要带着空，通读文章，搞清事件发生的背景。紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索，语法知识,以及句子之间的关系，词的搭配，结合上下文背景语境，结合句意选择适合语境的选项。‎ 31‎ ‎12.【2018年江苏省徐州市】‎ Every morning, millions of people in China do Tai-chi. It is ‎ popular with women and men. Tai-chi is a good kind of exercise ‎ for old people. It is good for the body and for the mind. It is ‎ healthy and relaxing. Tai-chi is from China. It is hundreds of years old. Tai-chi is a "soft" martial art（武术）.That means it is slow and calm. ‎ There are also "hard" martial arts. Shaolin Kung-fu, for example, which has a history of over 1,500 years, is a "hard" martial art. It is fast and dangerous. You have to be very fit and strong to do "hard" martial arts. ‎ In Beijing, Master Li Yu is teaching Shaolin Kung-fu to thirty young students, three of whom come from abroad. "Shaolin Kung-fu is difficult," said Li Yu. "You must practise every move many times." ‎ Sports like football and basketball are also popular in China. But martial arts like Tai-chi and Kung-fu are part of Chinese culture and history.‎ ‎31. How many types of martial arts does this passage tell us?‎ A. Only one. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.‎ ‎32. What is Master Li Yu teaching?‎ A. Tai-chi. B. Shaolin Kung-fu. C. Football. D. Basketball.‎ ‎33. Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. It is easy to learn Shaolin Kung-fu.‎ B. Men like Tai-chi better than women do.‎ C. Tai-chi has a shorter history than Shaolin Kung-fu.‎ 31‎ D. People must be very healthy and strong to do Tai-chi.‎ ‎13.【2018年四川省凉山州】Can you get free plastic bags from supermarkets now? I'm afraid you can’t. Things have changed.‎ Free plastic bags can' t be used at shops and supermarkets in China, and people have to pay for plastic bags. Because our country tried to make litter____18____.‎ The Chinese once used about 3, 000, 000,000 plastic shopping bags a day. They are___19___to break, most of them can be used only once. And some people throw them away here and there, they have caused pollution for the environment. If they are burnt, they may cause bigger troubles. For example, they may cause illness for us. So the Chinese people____20____to bring their own bags for shopping. Some students come up with a good idea. They make the shopping bags by ____21____. They use old clothes to make cloth bags, and send them to their parents as presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead. They think it is their____22____to protect the environment.‎ ‎18. A. fewer B. more C. less D. better ‎19. A. hard B. easy C. difficult D. strong ‎20. A. are encouraged B. encourage C. are invited D. invite ‎21. A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself ‎22. A. ability B. change C. chance D. duty ‎【答案】18. C 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. D ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：因为我们国家试图减少垃圾。考查形容词辨析及语境的理解。A. fewer较少的；B. more更多；C. less更少；D. better更好。根据上文ple have to pay for plastic bags.人们必须花钱买塑料袋，可知这是让人们少使用塑料袋的一种方法，也就是减少垃圾，故答案选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 31‎ 句意：它们很容易损坏，大多数只能使用一次。考查形容词辨析及语境的理解。A. hard硬的、困难的；B. easy容易的；C. difficult困难的；D. strong强壮的。根据下文most of them can be used only once.它们大多数只能使用一次，可知此处是说“它们很容易损坏”，故答案选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 句意：因此，鼓励中国人带自己的购物袋。考查动词辨析及语境的理解。A. are encouraged被鼓励；B. encourage鼓励；C. are invited被邀请；D. invite邀请。根据后面bring their own bags for shopping.自己带购物袋，联系上下文语境可知因为要保护环境，所以应鼓励人们带自己的购物袋，又因主语the Chinese people和动词encourage之间存在被动关系，所以应用被动语态，故答案选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意：他们认为保护环境是他们的责任。考查名词辨析及语境的理解。A. ability能力；B. change改变；C. chance机会；D. duty责任。根据后面to protect the environment.去保护环境，可知这是全民的职责，所以此处应是“他们认为保护环境是他们的责任”，故答案选D。‎ ‎14.【2018年云南省昆明】Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up___16___space in 1961. Since then, people have not only traveled to space,____17____many of them have lived there in space stations for some time.‎ The Soviet Union(前苏联) sent the____18____space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut 1. Salyut 1____19____as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States had___20___own space station, called Skylab.‎ Astronauts___21___in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn’t until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a ____22____time. ‎ Living in space stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them____23____ food. All the____24____on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle.‎ 31‎ ‎ Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods____25____dried meat that do not need special care.‎ ‎16. A. into B. with C. of ‎17. A. or B. but C. unless ‎18. A. ones B. one C. first ‎19. A. found B. was built C. was brought ‎20. A. them B. they C. its ‎21. A. lived B. played C. took ‎22. A. more B. shorter C. longer ‎23. A. am B. is C. are ‎24. A. apple B. vegetable C. meals ‎25. A. such as B. at last C. next to ‎【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文的主题是太空航行，介绍了苏联的礼炮空间站的相关情况，讲了宇航员在空间站中的生活情况。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 句意：从那时起，人们不仅去太空中旅行，而且他们中许多人在空间站中住了很长时间。A.否则B.但是C.除非，not only...but also (also可以省略）是关联词语，意思是：不但…而且…，这里的but不表示“但是”，而是放在搭配not only...but also中表示“而且”，故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 句意：前苏联于1971年把第一架空间站送进了太空。A.替代词，替代复数名词B.一C.第一个。空格前面有定冠词the，和序数词first连用表示“第一个，第一架”，排除AB，故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 31‎ 句意：礼炮一号被建造成一个人们可以生活并且同时可以观察太空做实验的地方。A.发现B.被建造C.被带来，礼炮一号是空间站，只能是“被建造”，需要使用被动语态，这里是说“被建成为…”be built as..，故选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 句意：大约在同一时间，美国有了它的自己的空间站，叫做天空实验室号。A.他们（宾格）B.他们（主格）C.它的，one’s own意为“某人自己的”，这里是说“美国自己的”，也就是“它自己的”，即its own，故选C。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 句意：宇航员短期内住在这些空间站里面。A.居住B.玩C.拿，live in…意为“住在…里”，这里是在介绍宇航员居住在空间站里，排除BC，故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 句意：然而，直到20世纪80年代末期，也就是苏联发射和平号空间站的时候，人们才开始在太空中居住更长的时间。A.更多的B.更短的C.更长的，前面讲宇航员在空间站中居住时间短（for a short time），这里是有however（但是）进行了转折，说明自此以后居住的时间相较过去更长（longer）了，使用比较级longer，故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 句意：它们之一是食物。本句的主语不是I，所以be动词不能用am，排除A，这里的them是问题“problems”，one of加名词复数表示“...中之一”，其后谓语动词要使用单数，所以这里选用be动词的单数形式is，故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 句意：宇航员也吃许多其他的食物，例如不需要特别关心的干肉。A.例如B.最后C.在…旁边，这里是在引出“其他的食物”，举了“干肉”的例子，用such as表示“例如”，故选A。‎ 31‎