中考总复习英语百色精讲专题4 介词和介词短语 5页

专题四　介词和介词短语 百色五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年百色中考考情分析 ‎2019年百色中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年百色中考对介词和介词短语的考查仍是重点。倾向于考查介词的辨析及固定搭配的相关用法。考查形式以选择填空、完形填空、综合填空为主。考查的小题数约2—3道。‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 from表示从……到……的用法 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 on表示具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上的用法 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 介词在固定短语中的用法，如be proud of ‎27‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 介词with表状态，伴随 ‎27‎ ‎1‎ 介词短语的用法 辨析hand by hand，arm in arm，one by one，step by step ‎33‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 介词的用法 区分over与above在具体语境中的用法 ‎28‎ ‎1‎ 百色中考语法突破 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或动名词。介词后的代词要用宾格形式。‎ ‎　时间介词 ‎1．at，in与on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在具体的某一时刻 at 10：‎00 a．m.在上午十点钟 用于固定搭配 at noon/night 在中午/晚上 at the end of 在……结尾 in 常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配(如世纪、月份、季节、年份)‎ in December 在十二月in winter 在冬天 in 2019 在2019年 表示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等 in the morning/afternoon/evening/daytime在早上/下午/晚上/白天 ‎“in＋一段时间”表示“在……(多久)以后”，常与一般将来时连用 My father will come back in a week.我爸爸将于一周后回来。‎ 用于固定搭配 in the future 在将来 续表 介词 用法 示例 on 表示在具体的某日(日期或星期几)‎ on October 7th在十月七日on Sunday 在星期天 表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上 on Monday morning 在星期一早上 表示在具体的节日当天 on National Day在国庆节 ‎2.before与after 介词 用法 示例 before在……之前 ‎＋时间点 Jenny must get home before 5：00 p．m. every day.珍妮每天五点之前必须到家。‎ after在……之后 ‎＋时间点，常与一般将来时连用 She'll arrive after two o'clock.她将在两点后到达。‎ ‎＋时间段，常与一般过去时连用 She came back after two weeks.她两周后回来了。‎ ‎3.from，since与for 介词 用法 例句 from 从……起 常与to构成词组from…to…，意为“从……到……”‎ Today I have an English lesson from 8：‎00 a．m.to 9：‎00 a．m.今天早上八点到九点我要上一节英语课。‎ since自从……以来 ‎＋具体的过去时间点(常与现在完成时连用)‎ I have lived in Baise since 2019.自从2019年我就住在百色了。‎ ‎＋时间段＋ago(常与现在完成时连用)‎ I have lived in Baise since three years ago.自从三年前我就住在百色了。‎ for 历经……之久 ‎＋时间段(常与现在完成时连用)‎ I have lived in Baise for three years.我已经在百色住了三年了。‎ ‎　注意：“for＋时间段”也可用于其他时态中。‎ ‎4．till/until，during与by 介词 用法 例句 till/until直到……为止 till/until直到……才 用于肯定句。谓语动词需用延续性动词 I waited for you until eleven o'clock this morning.今早我等你等到11点。‎ 用于否定句。谓语动词需用短暂性动词 Bob doesn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.鲍勃直到11点才睡觉。‎ during在……期间 ‎＋时间段，强调时间的持续性。不用于现在完成时 During the lunch time，we talked about the TV show.午餐期间我们谈论了那个电视节目。‎ by不晚于；在……之前 ‎＋将来时间点，常与一般将来时连用 It will be very hot by tomorrow morning.到明天早上，天气会变得很热。‎ ‎＋过去时间点，常与过去完成时连用 I had finished my homework by the end of the summer holiday.在暑假结束之前，我已经完成了作业。‎ 选择填空。‎ ‎(　A　)1.(新信息题)China successfully hosted the SCO Summit(上合组织峰会) ________ June，2019.‎ A．in 　 　B．by　 　 C．at　 　 D．on ‎(　B　)2.(新信息题)Mike didn't go to bed ________ his favorite TV show Go Fighting Season Ⅳ(《极限挑战第四季》) finished.‎ A．by B．until C．during D．for 用适当的介词填空。‎ ‎3．I have worked in this school __since__ 2019.‎ ‎4．(热点题)Yesterday，I watched Hello，Mrs.Money(《李茶的姑妈》) with Tom __from__ 3：00 __to__ 5：00.‎ ‎5．Mary will arrive here__in__ half an hour.‎ ‎6．Mr.Li has been in Beijing__for__ nearly five years.‎ ‎　方位介词 ‎1．in，at，on，与to 介词 用法 例句 in 多指较大的地方(如：国家、城市等)‎ In China，people eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.在中国，人们在端午节期间吃粽子。‎ 表示在某一地区的某方位(在该范围内)‎ China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲东部。‎ at 在较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置 I always read books at home.我经常在家看书。‎ on 表示与某地的相邻关系(两地接壤)‎ Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong.广西在广东的西部。‎ to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。‎ ‎2.over，on，above，under与below 介词 含义 例句 over 在……正上方(垂直，两者不接触)‎ There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。‎ on 在……上面(两者接触)‎ There is a mobile phone on the desk.书桌上有一部手机。‎ above 在……上方(不一定垂直，两者不接触)‎ There is a balloon above my head.我头上有一个气球。‎ under 在……正下方(两者不接触)‎ My basketball is under the bed.我的篮球在床下面。‎ below 在……下方(不一定垂直)‎ The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。‎ ‎　　3.across与 through ‎(考点讲解详见P24“考点‎4”‎【辨析】)‎ 选择填空。‎ ‎(　C　)1.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city ________ the east of England.‎ A．between B．with C．in D．under ‎(　C　)2.(新信息题)BTS(防弹少年团) is perhaps the most popular music group ________ South Korea these days.‎ A．at B．on C．in D．to ‎(　D　)3.(2019连云港中考) —Bill，did you see Tom?‎ ‎—Yes，he just parked his car here and then hurried______ the street.‎ A．through B．over C．past D．across ‎(　D　)4.(2019鄂州中考)—Oh，my god！I've left my keys in the room.I'll have to get in ________ the window.‎ ‎—It's dangerous.You'd better wait for your mom to come back.‎ A．past B．over C．across D．through ‎　 方式介词 介词 用法 例句 by 表示“以……方式、方法或手段”，常与表示交通工具的名词连用 She usually goes to school by bike.她通常骑自行车去上学。‎ with 表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官”‎ People often eat with chopsticks in China.在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。‎ in 表示“用……语言、语调、颜色”等 What's this in English？这个用英语怎么说？‎ on 表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等”‎ They talk on the phone every day.他们每天在电话上交谈。‎ 用适当的方式介词填空。‎ ‎1．Mark learns English__by__ keeping a diary __in__ English.‎ ‎2．(热点题)People all over the world watched the 2019 World Cup games __on__ television.‎ ‎3．We can smell__with__ our nose.‎ ‎　 其他介词 ‎1．with：与……一起，随着；附有。如：‎ Jane often goes to the movies with her best friend.简经常跟她最好的朋友一起去看电影。‎ ‎2．without：没有。如：‎ Without Tom's help，I couldn't finish the task.没有汤姆的帮助，我不可能完成这项任务。‎ ‎3．against：对抗。如：‎ Germany played against Mexico last night.昨晚，德国队和墨西哥队对战。‎ ‎4．besides：除……之外(还有)。如：‎ Besides Mike everyone passed the exam.除了迈克，所有人都通过了考试。‎ ‎5．including：包括；包含。如：‎ Twenty people were killed in the traffic accident，including a baby.在这场交通事故中有二十人丧生，包括一个婴儿。‎ 选择填空。‎ ‎(　B　)1.(铜仁中考)We'll play basketball ________ Class 3 tomorrow.‎ A．over B．against C．to D．for ‎(　A　)2.(2019达州中考)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you，Andy?‎ ‎—I prefer a cup of tea nothing in it.‎ A．with 　　B．for　　C．to　　D．without ‎　 介词短语(详见《分类速记手册》“介词短语”)‎ 百色五年真题回顾 ‎(　　)1.(2019百色中考)We go to school ________ Monday to Friday every week.‎ A．at B．for C．on D．from ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：我们每周的星期一到星期五去上学。由题空后的to提示可知，此处考查介词短语from…to…，意为“从……到……”。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎(　　)2.(2019百色中考)Does your friend Tom often go swimming ________ Sunday mornings?‎ A．at B．in C．on D．of ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：你的朋友汤姆经常周日早晨游泳吗？在具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前用介词on。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎(　　)3.(2019百色中考)We love Baise.We are proud ________ being citizens of Baise city.‎ A．of B．on C．in D．with ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：我们爱百色。我们为作为百色市民而自豪。“be proud of…”为固定搭配，意为“为……自豪”。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎(　　)4.(2019百色中考)The door opened and my mother came in ________ a handbag in her hand.‎ A．on B．in C．at D．with ‎【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：门开了，我妈妈手里拿着手包进来了。on在……表面；in在……里面；at在……，通常用于某个时间点前；with具有，带有，表示伴随。根据句意可知，with a handbag 作伴随状语。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎(　　)5.(2019百色中考)Don't worry about your English.Work hard and you'll improve it ________.‎ A．hand by hand B．arm in arm C．one by one D．step by step ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词短语词义辨析。句意：不要担心你的英语。努力学习，你会________提高。hand by hand手牵手；arm in arm臂挽臂；one by one一个接一个；step by step逐步地。根据句意可知答案。‎ ‎【答案】D ‎(　　)6.(2019百色中考)There is a national flag ________ the blackboard in our classroom.‎ A．under B．below C．over D．above ‎【解析】考查语境理解及介词词义辨析。句意：有一面国旗在我们教室的黑板________。under在……的正下方，两者不接触；below在……的下方，不一定垂直；over在……的正上方，两者不接触，垂直；above在……的上方，两者不接触，不一定垂直。根据实际情况可知，我们教室黑板的正上方有一面国旗。‎ ‎【答案】C 考点抢测 一、选择填空。‎ ‎(　A　)1.(2019百色适应性考试)His brother went to school by bike ________ a sunny morning.【考点❶】　　　　　　　‎ A．on B．at C．in D．for ‎(　C　)2.(2019安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ________ Class Three.【考点❹】‎ A．of B．in C．against D．from ‎(　A　)3.(2019温州中考)I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive ________ two hours.【考点❶】‎ A．in B．after C．over D．for ‎(　C　)4.(2019玉林中考)—It's said that the best way to relax is ________ exercise.‎ ‎—I see.But you should keep away ________ dangerous sports.【考点❸、❺】‎ A．with；from B．for；off C．through；from D．through；by ‎(　A　)5.(2019天津中考)In the picture，he sits ________ me，looking very happy.【考点❷】‎ A．beside B．among C．up D．through ‎(　B　)6.Taiwan lies________the east of Fujian________the southeast of China.【考点❷】‎ A．on；in B．to；in C．on；to D．at；to 二、单词拼写。‎ ‎1．(2019百色一模)Have you got ready for dinner，mom? I am hungry.‎ ‎2．(2019百色适应性考试)Our team will play __against__(与……对阵) their team this afternoon.‎ ‎3．(2019广安中考)The restaurant is open every day __except__(除了) Monday.‎ ‎4．(2019荆门中考)Under the leadership of Chairman Xi，China will become much stronger without doubt.‎