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第一讲动词时态
【中考解读】
【考点分布】1.一般现在时
2.一般过去时
3.一般将来时
4.现在进行时
5.过去进行时
6.现在完成时
【考点内容】 了解并能运用常考的六种时态，尤其熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、进
行时等高频时态，正确辨析几种易混时态的区别。
【命题趋势】动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，
体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。
六种时态的构成和用法
1. 一般现在时
种类
意义
构成特点
时间标志词
例句
一般
现在
时(考
查3
次）
1. 现在经常性的状态或动作
2.客观事实和真理
1.be：用am/is/are；
2.实义动词：主语是第一、二人称用原形；第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加-s/-es；其它人称和数用动词原形
often, sometimes,
usually, always,
never,
twice a month,
on Sundays,
Every day/ week/month/
year... (every系列)
The boy usually gets to school early.
这个男孩经常到校很早。
The moon moves around the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
【注：第三人称单数变化形式】
a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .
come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives
b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.
do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes
fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches
c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.
Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries
d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s.
play---plays stay---stays
【2013中考真题训练】
1.Your uncle will come to see you as soon as he _________ here. (arrive)
（ ）2.Our physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. traveling D. to travel
【2013重庆1】 It will be hard for us to get up in the morning if we ____to bed too late．
A．go B. went C. will go D. have gone
【2013山东泰安1】—Do you know whether David will go cycling or not tomorrow?
—David? Never! He _______ outdoor activities.
A. hates B. hated C. is hating D. has hated
【2013辽宁鞍山1】 It only_______ him 20 minutes __________to his office every day.
A. takes, to drive B. took, drive C. takes, drive D. took, to drive
【2013江苏扬州2】 My grandmother ____ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never
lived anywhere else.
A. lived B. lives C. was living D. will live
【2013山东济南2】—Are your parents at home, Jane?
—No. They ________ taking a walk in the park.
A. do B. are C. will D. have
【2014中考真题训练】
【2014北京】—What do you often do at weekends?
—I often _______my grandparents.
A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit
【2014重庆市A】In Chongqing, you can often see many people dance outside together if it
______ in the evening.
A. rains B. doesn’t rain C. will rain D. won’t rain
【2014呼和浩特】My husband always ______ me flowers every week before we got married,
but now he never _______.
A. sends; does B. sent; does C. was going to send; do D. sent; do
【2014·湖北武汉4】—Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend?
—Jack? Never! He ______ driving so far.
A.has hated B. will hate C. hated D. hates
【2014四川南允2】34. Carmen likes musicians who ________ different kinds of music.
A. plays B. play C. is playing D. was playing
【2014 湖北黄冈4】 —Tine, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us.
—It can't have been Father. He________ early on Sundays.
A. always gets up B. often got up
C. had got up D. never gets up
【2014广东省1】 —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
【2014四川广安2】—May I speak to Ms Lane, please?
—Sorry, she isn’t in right now. I’ll tell you as soon as she_____ back
tomorrow.
A. come B. comes C. will come
【2014浙江温州1】 Alice likes doing housework. She ______ her room every afternoon.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. has cleaned
【2014四川泸州2】If you ______ tomorrow, I will let you know all about it.
A. will come B. come C. came D. comes
【2014呼和浩特1】My husband always __ me flowers every week before we got married,
but now he never ________.
A．sends; does B．sent; does
C．was going to send; do D．sent; do
【2014山东滨州3】—Do you know if he will come tomorrow?
—No. But if he ____, I’ll call you to have a meal together.
A. will come B. won’t come C. comes D. doesn’t come
1. 一般过去时
种类
意义
构成特点
时间标志词
例句
一般过去时(考查10次）
表示过去的动作或
状态
1.was/were+表语
2.实义动词作谓语
a moment ago=just now, ago,
last night/ week/month...
(last系列), yesterday, the other day,
used to，
the day before yesterday
We went to the History
Museum last Monday.
上周一我们去了历史博物馆。
I was busy yesterday.
我昨天很忙。
【2013中考真题训练】
【2013重庆3】— I called you yesterday evening．but you were not in．
—sorry，I _____in the shop with my mother．
A．am B．will be C. was D. have been
【2013湖南邵阳1】30.Do you hear____ just now?
A. what I said B. what I'm saying C. what I says
【2013山东滨州4】33. I know a little about Thailand, as I ____there three years ago.
A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went
【2013浙江温州2】6. Sam opened the door and _____ a lovely dog outside.
A. finds B. found C. has found D. will find
【2013 上海2】The official said they ______ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.
A. makes B. would make C. made D.have made
【2013山西2】 — I hear you are a big fan of Yao Ming.
— Quite right. But it’s a pity that he ________ several years ago.
A. retires B. retired C. will retire
【2013江西4】—Have you had your breakfast yet?
—Yes. Mom _____it for me.
A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked
【2013内蒙古呼和浩特2】—Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS!
—Sorry, I ________it.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see
【2013江苏苏州2】—Frank, you look worried. Anything wrong?
—Well, I ______ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A . will take B . took C . am taking D. take
【2013山东济南4】 —How long has Robert ______? —Since 2004.
A. been to Beijing B. become a policeman
C. joined the art club D. studied in this school
【2013湖南株洲3】 Be quiet! The other students ____.
A. sleep B. slept C. are sleeping
【2014·湖北武汉4】 —A nice tie！A present?
—Yes, it is. My aunt _____ it to me for my birthday.
A. was sending B. had sent C. will send D. Sent
【2014 浙江绍兴2】 — So you have watched the action movie, haven’t you?
— Yes. I ______ it with my parents in Lu Xun Theatre.
A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. am watching
【2014 湖北黄冈2】 —I suppose you are at least 60 years old.
—Thank you I'm glad you________ that. My real age is 362.
A. say B. said C. are saying D. were saying
【2014浙江嘉兴2】Tom ___ the piano every day when he was in primary school.
A. plays B. played C. was playing D. has played
【2014山东莱芜1】— When will our uncle come to see us?
—He'll come this weekend. He ______me that by e-mail.
A. told B. tells C. will tell D. is telling
【2014江苏连云港2】 Beijing and Zhangjiakou ______ applying to host the 2022 Winter
Olympic Games in 2013.
A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
【2014湖南长沙3】－Your brother is an excellent basketball player.
－So he is. He_______ to play basketball three years ago.
A. has started B. starts C. started
【2014湖南衡阳3】 Tom was made _____ his own clothes by his sister.
A. was B. washed C. to wash
【2014安徽2】 As we all know, the Silk Road ______ China to the west in ancient times.
A. connects B. connected
C. will connect D. is connecting
【2014江苏盐城】 Shenzhou X, China’s fifth manned spacecraft, ____ into space on June 11, 2013.
A. has sent B. was sent C. will send D. is sent
【2014山东菏泽2】 ---Have you finished your homework yet?
---Yes, I ______ it twenty minutes ago.
A. have finished B. finished C. will finish D. had finished
3一般将来时
种类
意义
构成特点
时间标志词
例句
备注
一般
将
来
时
将来的动作或状态
1.助动词will（shall）+动词原形
2.am/is/are going to+动词原形
tonight,
tomorrow,
the day after
tomorrow,
from now on,
soon,
in the future,
next year, next
week/
month/term.. (next系列)
The twins will go to the cinema with their parents
tonight.
这对双胞胎今晚和父母一起去看电影。
在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
【注意】：
（1）见表格一般将来时
（2）shall往往用于第一人称疑问句，will可用于任何人称。
（3）will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。
1. The summer holiday is coming, so the twins __________ to Hong Kong for vacation. (go)
( ) 2.There _______ a basketball game between Class 8 and Class 12 tomorrow afternoon.
A.is B. has C. will be D. has got
【中考真题训练】
【2013四川雅安4】14. If farmers ____trees and forests, giant pandas __nowhere to live.
A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have
C. will cut don; have D. cut down; will have
【2013浙江丽水3】—Which team do you think ______ the game?
—Hard to say. There are still ten minutes before it ends.
A. won B. has won C. will win D. wins
【2013 上海3】 The schoolboy ____ to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon.
A. apologizes B. apologized C .will apologize D. has apologized
【2013四川雅安4】14. If farmers trees and forests, giant pandas nowhere to live.
A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have
C. will cut don; have D. cut down; will have
【2013内蒙古呼和浩特3】—Do you know if he________ to play football with us?
—I think he will come if he _________ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come;
【2014山东东营3】There______ more visitors in Dongying this year because 2014 City
Landscaping Exposition of Shandong Province (山东省城市园林绿化博
览 会) will be held here on September 1st.
A. is B. are C. will be D. is going to have
【2014新疆阜康市、米泉市2】 —Mike，you look so excited！
—Yeah! There ______ a tennis game played by Li Na this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. is going to have D. are going to be
【2014贵州黔西南1】 There __ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this
afternoon.
A. is going to be B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to have
【2014四川南允4】I don’t know if Tom _____ here tomorrow. If he ________, I’ll call you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; will come
C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
【2014云南1】 If there ___ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in
nature.
A. is B. will be C. has D. will have
【2014天津1】 Robots _____more heavy work for us in the future.
A. will do B. did C. have done D. were doing
【2014四川绵阳3】 —Which singer do you think ____ the Voice of China?
—I'm not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come.
A. won B. has won C. will win D. Wins
【2014江苏苏州2】 — Do you think grandpa and grandma _____ late?
— No, the train is usually on time.
A. were B. will be C. was D. have been
【2014甘肃兰州3】We wonder if our teachers ___ to our graduating party next weekend.
If they ___，we’ll be very happy.
A. will come; will come B. come; will come
C. will come; come D. come; come
【2014安徽3】Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ______ a speech there in two days.
A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given
【2014四川成都3】Students in Class One ___________the museum next Friday.
A. visited B. visit C. will visit
【2014浙江台州4】一 Have you ever been lo the Great Wall?
一 Not yet. I _______it this year.
A. visited B. have visited C. was visiting D. will visit
【2014山东枣庄1】 If I make a lot of money I ___ give some to medical research or
charities.
A. am going to B. can C. will D. should
【2014山东威海1】 There _______ a great concert in the theatre next Saturday evening.
A. will be B. will have C. has D. is going to have
4. 现在进行时
种类
意义
构成特点
时间标志词
例句
备注
现在进行时
(考查1
次）
1. 现在时刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。
2. 现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进
行。
am/is/are+动词的现在分词
now, at present,
at the moment,
these days,
look, listen
Look! What are
the children
doing over there?看，孩子们在那边做什么？
come, go, leave等少数动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。
【 现在进行时的考点】
（1）在语境中判断该动词是否正在进行。
Don’t make any noise. Dad is sleeping.不要发出任何噪声，爸爸正在睡觉。
（2）表示位置移动或状态转移的动词（come，go，leave，arrive）
可用进行时表示将来的动作。
I’m leaving here tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?
明天我将离开，你呆到下个星期吗？
(3) 表示静止状态（be，have，seem）、认识、感觉或情感
（see，hear，find，understand，know，think，like，love，want，hope，prefer）
等动词一般没有进行时态
【注】动词现在分词的构成
① 一般动词直接在词后加-ing
do – doing read - reading
work–working think–thinking
study–studying go – going
watch–watching jump - jumping
② 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 – ing
like – liking take – taking
leave–leaving live – living
receive – receiving dance – dancing
come – coming smoke – smoking
write - writing
③ 以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ing
stop–stopping begin–beginning
dig –digging swim–swimming
run –running sit–sitting
(注意：listen – listening open – opening eat – eating
rain – raining sleep - sleeping)
【2013中考真题训练】
( ) —Don’t make any noise. Your grandfather________ .
—Sorry, we will play outside.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping
【2013江苏泰州1】 — Here comes the bus! Where is our principal?
— She can't go to the museum with us. She _____ some visitors around our school.
A.is showing B. shows C. has showed D. was showing
【2013四川雅安2】17. My sister has learnt English .
A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C. twelve years ago D. at the age of four
【2013江苏泰州1】— Here comes the bus! Where is our principal?
— She can't go to the museum with us. She ________ some visitors
around our school.
A. is showing B. shows C. has showed D. was showing
【2013重庆2】Just a minute! My brother _____his car in the garden．
A．washes B. is washing C. washed D. will wash
【2013福建福州1】— Mum, it's late. Why are you still here?
— Dad hasn't come back yet. I _________ for him.
A. am waiting B. was waiting C. waited
【2013安徽2】 —I can’t find David. Where is he?
—He __________for tomorrow’s competitions at home.
A.prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared
【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴2】 I have to be off now. My friends _______ outside.
A. wait B. are waiting C. have waited D.were waiting
【2013浙江台州3】—Sam, let’s go and play basketball.
—Not now. I ______ Dick with his English.
A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped
【2013四川南充1】30. Look! Sam ________ TV happily on the sofa.
A. is watching B. watches C. watched
【2013 上海3】Look, so many passengers ___ with their smart phones on the underground..
A. played B. will play C .are playing D. have played
【2013江西3】39. Tom wants to be a singer and he_____. singing lessons to do it.
A. took B. has taken C. is taking D. was taking.
【2013贵州安顺3】 Dad _____ the USA in two weeks.
A. is leave for B. leaves for C. is leaving for D. left for
【2013江苏苏州2】 —Julie, what ______ in your hand?
—Look! It’s a new iPad for my daughter.
A. do you hold B. are you holding
C. were you holding D. will you hold
【2014中考真题训练】
【2014重庆市A】—Where is your father?
—He ______ the World Cup in the living room.
A. is watching B. watches C. watched D. will watch
【2014重庆市B】—Where is Linda? I can’t find her anywhere.
—She ______ the flowers in the garden.
A. waters B. is watering C. watered D. has watered
【2014宜宾】Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river.
A. am carrying B. is carrying C. are carrying D. are carried
【2014南昌】—You’re in a hurry. Where are you going?
—To the cinema. Sue _______ for me outside.
A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
【2014甘肃白银】The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _______ smaller
and smaller.
A. become B. are becoming C. is becoming D. have become
【2014江西3】 — You're in a hurry. Where are you going?
— To the cinema. Sue ______ for me outside.
A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
【2014浙江金华2】------Mum, where is Dad?
----He _____ a speech for tomorrow's meeting.
A. was preparing B. is preparing
C. has prepared D. will prepare
【2014四川绵阳2】 —Hello, Betty! What are you doing now?
—I _______ on the Great Wall of China. I'll send them to you later.
A. will take pictures B. am taking pictures
C. was taking pictures D. take pictures
【2014江西南昌3】 —You're in a hurry. Where are you going?
—To the cinema. Sue _______ for me outside.
A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
【2014四川广元1】 Listen, the boys ____ with each other over there. Please go and see what
has happened.
A. are arguing B. are argued C. argue
【2014山东临沂3】Turn off the water while you ______ your teeth or washing your hands.
A. were brushing B. brush C. are brushing D. brushed
【2013江苏盐城3】I can’t find my notebook anywhere. I am afraid I _____ it.
A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. was losing
【2013江苏淮安2】The book Alice In Wonderland is very interesting. I_____ it twice
already.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【2014广东广州4】Be quiet! The students ______ a physics test in the next room.
A. had B. have had C. were having D. are having
【2014山东菏泽3】 Look, so many people are running out of the station. I wonder what
______.
A. is happened B. was happening
C. is happening D. had happening.
4. 过去进行时
种类
意义
构成特点
时间标志词
例句
过去进行时
过去某时正在进行的动作
was/were +动词的现在分词
at that time, this time yesterday,
at 1:00 last
night,at that
moment, then; when表示过去时间的状语从句
I was reading when he came in
.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。
—What were you doing at nine last night? 昨天晚上9点你正在干什么？
—I was watching TV at that time. 那时我正在看电视。
过去进行时的考点
（1）在过去某个时间点或过去某个阶段发生的事情用过去进行时。
（2）在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时；短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。
I am doing my homework when he came.当他来的时候我正在做作业
【2013中考真题训练】
( )1.—Where is Jack?
—He _______ the teacher’s office. He’ll be back soon.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. will go to D. is going to
( )2.Since 2000, Qujing has become a new city. Everything_______.
A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
( ) 3.—I called you at 4:50 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.
—Sorry. I _______ with my friends at that time.
A. swam B. swim C. was swimming D. will swim
【2013浙江杭州4】Sally took a photo of her friends while they ___ computer games.
A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing
【2013 浙江衢州1】 —Sam, what will the weather be like tomorrow?
—Sorry, Mum. I didn’t watch the weather forecast just now.
I_____a football match.
A. was watching B. am watching
C. would watch D. will watch
【2013山东菏泽4】 —Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the pnone.
—I'm sorry. I ______football with my friends then.
A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing
【2013山东潍坊2】 I didn’t hear the phone because my father_____TV then.
A. is watching B. was watching C. watched D. watches
【2013辽宁鞍山1】—I went to see you yesterday evening. But you weren't in. Where were
you then?
—I___________ a walk by the lake with my husband.
A. was having B. am having C. have had D. have
【2013江苏盐城2】—Was Kate at the party last night?
—Yes, she _____a really nice dress.
A. is wearing B. was wearing C. would wear D. has worn
【2013湖南长沙3】 When Jim’s mother came in, he _____ his homework.
A. is doing B. has done C. was doing
【2014中考真题训练】
【2014四川凉山3】 --- It seems that you are happy. Why?
---I met an old friend of mine while I ______ on the street.
A. walks B. walk C. was walking D. am walking
【2014江苏扬州4】一Has your friend completed his design?
一Not yet. He________ on it last night.
A. worked B. has worked C. is working D. was working
【2014江苏泰州2】—Yesterday Suzy fell over and was hurt badly while she __ a snowball.
—I’m sorry to hear that.
A．made B．was making C．makes D．is making
【2014湖南长沙3】Little Tom ____computer games when his mother got home.
A. is playing B. plays C. was playing
【2014甘肃兰州4】She ____ to an English program while her parents____TV.
A. was listening; is watching B. listened; were watching
C. was listening; watched D. was listening; were watching
【2014江苏无锡2】—Has David finished his project yet?
—I guess not. He ___ on it at lunchtime. Do you want me to confirm it?
A. is working B. was working
C. has worked D. had worked
【2014山东威海4】 —Alan! Why are you so late?
—Sorry! When I _______ home, I met one of my old friends.
A. went B. am walking C. has gone D. was walking
4. 现在完成时
种类
意义
构成特点
时间标志词
例句
备注
现在完成时
(考查9次)
1.到现在为止已经完成的动作，对现在还有影响
2.从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态
have/has+动词的过去分词
yet, still, just, so far, before, recently, once,
already, lately,
ever, never, since 1996,
in the last/past..., for ten years (for系列)
He has only been to the Great Wall once.
他仅仅去过一次长城。
I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years
. 我来到青年志愿者有五年了。
already, yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。 yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”,在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。
【备注】：
（1）already, yet常和现在完成时连用， already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末
【现在完成时的考点】
【考点1】(1)since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；但主句描述“……时间”
的时候，多使用一般现在时。
It is ten years since he moved to this city. 自从他搬到这座城市已经10年了。
(2)“in + the past/last+一段时间”用在现在完成时中，
Guangzhou has changed a lot in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，广州变化很大。
（3） 短暂性动词不与一段时间连用，“一段时间”在初中阶段一般只有三种形式，即“for+
一段时间”；“since+时间点”；“How long+…?”。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续
性动词。
I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had不用bought）
I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。（用been in 不用come to）
【考点2】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
（1） 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
Yesterday I went to the park.昨天我去了公园。（仅说明昨天去了公园，与现在无关）
Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看过那本书。（说明李磊了解那本书的内容）
(2)连用的时间状语不同：与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/past, before, ever, never, since引出的时间，for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与ago, yesterday, last, in 2014, just now等连用。
注意：现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago之类的过去时间状语连用。
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in park?
你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗？
Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸十年前买了那块手表。
I have never seen the film before.我以前从没看过这部影片。
【考点3】：have been to, have gone to与have been in的区别
①have been to表示“曾经去过某地”，常与just, ever, never连用；后可接次数，
如once, twice, three times等，表示“去过某地几次”；
②have gone to意为“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中，总之说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称作主语；
③have been in表示“在某地待多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海三天了。
—Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
The manager isn’t in his office. He ________ to Kunming on business. (go)
【2013福建福州1】 — Is James at home?
— No, he _________ Ya'an to be a volunteer.
A.has gone to B. has been to C. is going to
【2013四川南充2】— Hello, may I speak to Miss Wang?
— Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ the office.
A.has been to B. has gone to C. has been away
【2013四川泸州3】 He _______ Luzhou for three months.
A. has left B. has come to
C. has gone to D. has been away from
【2014四川内江2】—Is your father in now?
— No, he ______ to Fan Changjiang Memorial with his friends.
A. has been B. has gone C. will go D. went
【2014山东聊城1】—May I speak to Ann?
—Sorry, she isn’t in. She ______ France.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. was going to D. goes to
【2014 福建福州2】—Liu Ming, is that our head teacher Miss Chen over there?
—It can’t be her. She ____ Xiamen for a meeting.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away
【2013中考真题训练】
【2013江苏连云港3】. Julie's father ____ to London last month. He ____ there three times.
A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been
C. went; has been D. has been; had gone
【2013四川雅安2】 My sister has learnt English _____ .
A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C. twelve years ago D. at the age of four
【2013四川雅安1】13. He _____ for ten years.
A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married
【2013 浙江湖州4】 Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she _________ the film.
A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen
【2013四川内江3】37. Though he ____ the book three times, he hopes to read is again.
A. read B. reads C. has read D. would read
【2013山东青岛2】— My car ______. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?
—I’m sorry I can't. I’m_______ London tomorrow morning.
A. is new, leaving B. has broken down, leaving for
C. broke, leaving for D. is expensive, leaving
【2013四川凉山2】—Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’ office?
—Maybe he ________ his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished C. haven’t finished
【2013四川广安1】—How long have you ____here?
—For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday.
A. been；came B. come; came C. came; came
【2013山东青岛1】20. The astronaut is so tired that he ______ for eleven hours.
A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep
C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep
【2013 湖北黄冈1】 —Where is Tom? We can’t find him anywhere.
— Perhaps he _____ home.
A. has come B. is going C. went D. was going
【2013贵州安顺4】“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?”
“Yes. I_____ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.”
A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept
【2013四川遂宁1】 Students in Beijing ___away many books to the Hope Schools since
2009.
A. have given B. give C. gave
【2014中考真题训练】
【2014铜仁】—Where is Mr. Zhao?
—He ______ to Mount Fanjing. He’ll come back ______ a week.
A. has been; in B. has gone; after C. has gone; in D. has been; after
【2014河北】42. Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulation!
A. pass B. have passed C. will pass D. are passing
【2014达州】—Have you ever _______ an amusement park?
—Yes, I have. I ______ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
A. been to, have gone to B. gone to, have been to
C. go to, went to D. been to, went to
【2014北京】He _____ in this factory for 20 years already.
A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working
【2014南京】—Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.
—Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour.
A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished
【2014鄂州】— A new shop _______ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.
— Good idea. But it doesn’t ______ on Mondays.
A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open
C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open
【2014扬州】—When will A Bite of China II begin tonight?
—It _______ for ten minutes.
A. will begin B. has begun C. will be on D. has been on
【2014天津】—____ you ever_____ the new Minyuan Stadium?
—No, I haven’t.
A. Do; visit B. Have; visited C. Did; visit D. Are; visiting
【2014甘肃白银】She ______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
A. married B. has been married C. got married D. has got married
【2014·湖北武汉3】 —Is Miss Green in the office?
—No, she ____ to the library.
A. goes B. had gone C. has gone D. would go
【2014江西4】— Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. ____ you ____ it?
— Not yet. I'm doing it right now.
A. Do, finish B. Had, finished C. Will, finish D. Have, finished
【2014天津2】 —____ you ever_____ the new Minyuan Stadium?
—No, I haven’t.
A. Do; visit B. Have; visited C. Did; visit D. Are; visiting
【2014湖北襄阳4】 --When will you hand in your book report?
--Sorry, I’m not are. I ______ writing it yet
A. didn’t finish B. don’t finish
C. hadn’t finished D. haven’t finished
【2014贵州黔西南4】I ______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.
A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from
【2014广东省3】 — What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?
—Pretty good. I think he ________ a great job so far.
A. does B. did C. has done D. was done
【2014四川绵阳4】—Is Richard still living here?
—No，he____ to Paris already.
A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. has moved
【2014江西南昌4】—Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. __ you __it?
— Not yet. I'm doing it right now.
A、Do, finish B. Had, finished C. Will, finish D. Have, finished
【2014湖南邵阳3】 In the past two years, Shaoyang________ a lot.
A. changes B. changed C. has changed
【2014 甘肃白银2】 She _______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
A. married B. has been married
C. got married D. has got married
【2014 四川宜宾4】—Come and join us, Betty!
—I’m afraid I can’t. I’m too busy now. If I ___ time, I would certainly go.
A.have B. have had C. will have D. had
【2014山东威海4】 –When will Diana arrive?
--Oh, she _______. She is in the meeting room now.
A. arrives B. is arriving C. arrived D. has arrived
【2014山东潍坊3】 ---Are Betty and Lingling still living in Beijing?
---No, they ______Qingdao.
A. will move B. are moved C. have just moved D. move
【方法突破】
根据云南近四年真题分析可以看出，初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。
学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题，
①根据时间状语确定时态；
②根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；
③利用上下文句意和母语知识判断句子的时态；
④在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态。
1. 根据时间状语确定时态（考查3次）
【时间标志词】参考考点一
【真题链接】
【2014曲靖36题】We _____ when the terrorists killed the people in Kunming on the night of
March 1，2014.
A. were watching TV B. are watching TV C. watched TV D. watch TV
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意为：2014年3月1日夜里，当昆明发生恐怖分子砍人事件时，我们正在看电视。根据句意，此处应为were watching TV，表示“（当时）正在看电视”，说明该句是过去进行时。故选A
2. 根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态(考查6次)
在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断
上下文所表达的时态信息来确定恰当的时态。
【真题链接】
【2012年大理35题】—What does your mother do to keep healthy, Tim?
—She usually_____.
A. swim B. swims C. is swimming D. to swim
3. 利用上下文语境判断句子的时态（考查7次）
在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文表达的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用
【真题链接】
【2013云南30题】—Where is Jack？
— On the playground. He _____football with his classmates.
A. play B. played C. is playing D. was playing
4. 在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态
主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：
①“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when, after, before, not... until, as
soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句，谓语动词应
用一般现在时表示将来时。（考查3次）
【真题链接】
【2014云南30题】If there _____no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in
nature.
A. is B. will be C. has D. will have
【解析】考查主将从现。句意为：如果没有动物买卖，自然界就不会有杀戮。本句是一个if引导的条件状语从句，且主句时态是一般将来时，遵循“主将从现”的原则，所以从句就应该用一般现在时；同时，there be结构是固定句型，它的一般现在时形式是“There is/are”，一般将来时形式则是“There will be/There is going to be”。故选A。
②“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，
从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。（考查2次）
【真题链接】
【2014曲靖48题】After travelling, students talked about_____.
A. what did they get B. what they got
C. what will they get D. what they get
【解析】考查宾语从句的时态和语序。句意为：旅游后学生们谈论了_____。 宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，可排除A项与C项；当主句是过去时态，从句用过去时的某一种时态，可排除D项。故选B。
③在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。（2011昆明37题）
【真题链接】
【2011昆明37题】While the alien_____ a souvenir, the girl called the police.
A. was buying B. bought C. buys D. is buying
【解析】考查过去进行时的用法。句意为：当那个外星人购买纪念品时，女孩打电话报了警。
由“while”可知此处要用进行时，而后面的动词用了过去式called，故选A
1. It _____Mr. Green an hour to fix up his bicycle yesterday.
A. take B. took C. takes D. will take
2. —What does Tom’s uncle do?
—He is a teacher. He_____ physics at a school for three years.
A. will teach B. has taught C. teaches D. taught
3. —Though he _____the film The Expendables 3 three times, he wants to see it again.
—Really? I also want to see it.
A. has watched B. watched C. watches D. watch
4. — Be quiet! Tommy. Your grandfather _____in the next room.
— Sorry. We won’t do like this.
A. sleep B. slept C. is sleeping D. to sleep
5. —I wonder when you will go to London?
—I _____ there tomorrow.
A. am coming B. come C. came D. was come
第二讲动词语态
【中考解读】
【考点分布】1.一般时态的被动语态
2.现在完成时的被动语态
3.含情态动词的被动语态
【考点内容】 熟悉各种时态的被动语态的形式和用法
【命题趋势】1.在今后的中考中，仍以一般时态的被动语态考查为主
2.在具体语境中，动词的语态的辨析是重点，主要考查一般现在时、一般过去
时及含情态动词的被动语态。
1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
（1）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak English. 很多人说英语。
（2）被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象
Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)
2. 被动语态的用法及构成：
（1）被动语态的用法：
①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：
My bike was stolen yesterday.昨天我的自行车被偷了。
（并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车）
②强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。
The pen was used by my father.这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。
只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise, come, go, take place, happen等，
没有被动语态。
（2）被动语态由“系动词be+及物动词的过去分词（用done表示）”构成。常见的
动词被动结构如下：
时态
被动结构
例 句
一般现在时（考查3次）
be(am/is/are)+动词的过去分词
This kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造的。
一般过去时（考查17次）
be(was/were)+动词的过去分词
The flying disk was invented by college students.
一般将来时（考查2次）
will/shall+be+动词的过去分词
The bridge will be finished in a month.
这座桥将在一个月内竣工。
情态动词（考查3次）
情态动词+be+过去分词
Such work can be done in an hour or so.
【中考真题训练】
1. Don’t worry. Your package_____ here until you come back, please enjoy shopping here.
A. will keep B. keeps C. can be kept D. kept
2. Textbooks for junior students _______ for free in most areas of China.
A. provide B. provided C. are provided D. are providing
3. —Excuse me. I’m looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
—Sorry. The book you ask for _______ out.
A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold
4. —How often do I need to feed the dog?
—It _______ food every day, or it will be hungry.
A. must give B. must be give C. must be given D. must be gave
5. —Your T-shirt looks cool! Is it new?
—Yes, it _______ by my father yesterday. I like it very much.
A. sold B. bought C. was sold D. was bought
注意： 不能使用被动语态的情况
（1）连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
（2）有些词组的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing (需要做某事)，be worth
doing (值得做某事)等
Your bedroom is in a mess. It needs cleaning right now.
你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理。
The story happened on a cold night. (√)
The story was happened on a cold night.（×） 故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1) 转换图示：
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动
(2)方法突破：
分析近几年考情发现，涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动，两个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：
① 读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出，若为主语发出，用主动语态，若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。
② 再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。
注意：不能使用被动结构的情况
（1）连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好
（2）有些词组的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing (需要做某事)，be worth doing (值得做某事)等。
Your bedroom is in a mess. It needs cleaning right now. 你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。
（3）表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。
The story happened on a cold night. (√)
The story was happened on a cold night.（×） 故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
【追踪训练】
1. Chinese _____ by more and more people from all over the world today.
A. learn B. learned C. is learned D. learns
2. —Do you know who invented the telephone?
—Yes. I know it_____ by Bill in 1876.
A. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented
3. —I’m sure that rules to control air pollution _____ very soon.
—By then the weather may become better.
A. made B. will make C. will be made D. is made
4. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _____ in a short time.
A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. should be learned
【中考真题训练】
【2014黄冈】—Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday?
—Unless I ______.
A. will be invited B. am invited C. was inviting D. invited
【2014长沙】—I am afraid that I can’t finish the task successfully.
—Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to do it.
A. will be given B. give C. will give
【2014河北】The pet dog is warm and loving, It ______ as a daughter of my family.
A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated
【2014河南】When Tim _______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.
A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asking
【2014陕西】Every day, too much water _______ in our school. We should save it.
A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted
【2014北京】A new hospital _______ in my town next year.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
【2014南京】We’re sure that the environment in our city ____ greatly through our work in
the near future.
A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved
【2014鄂州】—The meeting _______ because of the smog in Northern China last week.
—Oh, it’s too bad! We should take action to improve the air quality.
A. put out B. was put out C. put off D. was put off
【2014昆明】—_______ free breakfasts _______in all schools in China?
—No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.
A. Are; made B. Do; serve C. Are; served D. Do; make
【2014湖北咸宁】—Food safety is very important.
—So some rules ______ to stop people from polluting food.
A. must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made
动词的时态和语态综合训练
一、根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2014·江苏无锡)—I can’t find the new road on my mobile phone.Are you sure you’ve got the name right?
—Yes.But have you downloaded (download)the latest map?
2.(2014·四川广元)My father teaches (teach)me English when he is free every day.
3.(2014·江苏镇江)Li Jianrou was interviewed (interview)shortly after she won the first gold medal for China in the 22nd Winter Olympic Games.
4.(2014·甘肃兰州)Driving after drinking wine isn’t allowed (not allow)in China.
5.(2014·江苏宿迁)They’ll go to watch the dolphin show if they have (have)free time.
6.(2013·江苏无锡)Mo Yan,a Chinese writer was honored (honor)with the Nobel Prize last year.
7.(2013·贵州安顺)I listened (listen)but heard nothing.
8.(2013·山东滨州)Would you mind turning down the music? I am writing (write)a report now.
9.(2013·江苏常州)I believe that an important moment like this should not be forgotten (not forget).
10.(2013·山东烟台)He has been (be)a volunteer in Yaan,Sichuan since the earthquake happened.
11.(2013·贵州遵义)Helen is going to talk with you as soon as she finishes (finish)her work.
12.(2013·新疆)I am sending (send)an email to my teacher now.
13.(2013·江苏宿迁)Many trees are planted (plant)in my hometown every year.
14.(2013·山东滨州)Please say “I’m here” when your name is called (call).
15.(2013·甘肃兰州)I was reading (read)a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.
二、单项填空
( A )1.(2014·北京)—What do you often do at weekends?
—I often my grandparents.
A.visit B.visited C.have visited D.will visit
【点拨】由often可知，该动作是经常性的行为，因此要用一般现在时。
( C )2.(2014·河北)I’m busy now.I to you after school this afternoon.
A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.have talked
【点拨】由this afternoon可知应用将来时。
( C )3.(2014·湖南益阳)—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet.The rooms .
A.are painting B.have been painted C.are being painted
【点拨】句子中是“the rooms”作主语，要用被动语态，再结合not yet可知答语句意为“还没有，房子正在被粉刷”，需用现在进行时态的被动语态。
( B )4.(2014·黑龙江绥化)Jenny on holiday now.I wonder when she
back.
A.is being;comes B.is;is coming C.will be;will come
【点拨】第一句用一般现在时表示现在的状态，第二句应该用一般将来时，这里是用现在进行时is coming表示将来。
( D )5.(2014·广西南宁)David knows much about the city because he there many times.
A.goes B.went C.has gone D.has been
【点拨】句意为：大卫很了解这个城市，因为他去过几次。表示“去过”用have/has been to。
( D )6.(2014·河南)—Are you going anywhere?
—I about visiting my sister,but I have changed my mind.
A.think B.have thought C.will think D.thought
【点拨】题意为：我考虑过去拜访我姐姐，但我已改变了主意。由句意，考虑拜访我姐姐的动作发生在之前，用一般过去时态。
( D )7.(2014·江苏南京)We’re sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in the near future.
A.improved B.was improved C.has improved D.will be improved
【点拨】主语是environment,与improve是被动关系；in the near future提示用一般将来时。
( A )8.(2014·重庆)Keep quiet,please! Talking during the meeting.
A.is not allowed B.is allowed C.doesn’t allow D.allows
【点拨】根据主语talking物作主语可知句子要用被动，再由be quiet知道不允许讲话。
( A )9.(2014·浙江杭州)To my great surprise,the famous athlete’s story
differently in the newspapers.
A.was reported B.reported C.was reporting D.reports
【点拨】动词report与主语story之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
( D )10.(2013·北京)Mr.Green,a famous writer, our school next week.
A.visited B.visits C.was visiting D.will visit
【点拨】由next week可知是将来的时间，用一般将来时。
( B )11.(2013·天津)—Is Tom at home?
—No,he to town.
A.has been B.has gone C.goes D.will go
【点拨】表示已经去了某地方，现在不在说话地方用have/has gone to结构。
( C )12.(2013·陕西)When you at a restaurant,please order just enough food.
A.ate B.will eat C.eat D.haven eaten
【点拨】句子说的是一种普通情况，用一般现在时。
( A )13.(2013·山东威海)— your son a camera?
—No.He one this summer vacation.
A.Has…bought;will buy B.Did…buy;bought
C.Does…buy;bought D.Does…buy;will buy
【点拨】根据问句可知问的“你的儿子（到目前为止）买相机了吗”可以判断应该用现在完成时态；根据答语中的this summer vacation可知用一般将来时。
( B )14.(2013·浙江宁波)Tony football every weekend when he was young.
A.plays B.played C.is playing D.has played
【点拨】由时间状语“when he was young”可知应用一般过去时表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
( D )15.(2013·江苏徐州)Millie a picture when Mr Green came in.
A.draw B.will draw C.drew D.was drawing
【点拨】句意：当格林先生进来的时候，米莉正在画画，因此用过去进行时态。
( B )16.(2013·湖北襄阳)—We all went to the cinema except you last night.Why didn’t you come?
—Because I that movie twice.
A.have watched B.had watched C.was watching D.would watch
【点拨】根据上下文可知：我昨晚不去看电影，是因为我(昨晚)以前看过了。叙述的是“过去的过去”发生的事，故用过去完成时态。
( D )17.(2013·江苏淮安)—Will you go to the cinema with me tomorrow?
—Sorry,I skating with Tom.
A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go
【点拨】问句中tomorrow提示用一般将来时态。
( C )18.(2013·福建泉州)—If we take a shower instead of bath,more water .
—I agree with you.
A.has saved B.can save C.can be saved
【点拨】water和save是被动关系。
( A )19.(2012·四川成都)Look! Peter TV happily,but his parents are busy in the kitchen.
A.is watching B.watches C.watched
【点拨】考查动词时态用法。根据look可知强调动作正在进行，用现在进行时。
( A )20.(2014·河南师大附中一模)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France.His new book into French as soon as it came out.
A.was translated B.translated C.is translated D.translates
【点拨】根据题干his new book 和 translate 的关系，应该选择被动语态，又根据时间状语从句as soon as it came out 是一般过去时态，可知是一般过去时态。
( C )21.(2014·广东深圳北环一中二模)—You bought a new car! An American car?
—No.A Chinese car.It in Taizhou.
A.makes B.made C.was made D.will be made
【点拨】答句中的it指的是“新车”，是后面的谓语动词make的对象，所以要使用被动语态，而且“这辆车”是已经生产过的，因此使用过去时态的被动语态。
( A )22.(2014·江苏扬州一模)It is reported that Daimiao Culture Square in Tai’an next year.
A.will be built B.were built C.have built D.will build
【点拨】主语Daimiao Culture Square和谓语动词build是被动关系，故该题应用被动语态；又因为next year“明年”是将来的时间状语。
三、根据所给汉语完成英语句子
1.Next month many trees will be planted in our school to make it more beautiful.（种植）
2.The fire on the bus was put out soon.（扑灭）
3.Great changes have taken place in Yiyang in recent years.（发生）
4.It was reported that about 200 people had lost their lives in Lushan earthquake.（据报道）
5.These inventions are used for seeing in the dark.（用于）
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