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广州历年英语中考考点归纳
必考内容之一:被动语态
考查形式:单项,完形,完成句子题型出现,尤其是完成句子。
考察难度:考查的动词都是比较简单、拼写不会超过5个字母的单词,过去分词一般都是直接+ed出现,出题不难,要求掌握被动语态的判断、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写。
要点归纳:
1、 结构:be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)
2、 掌握的几种形式:
一般现在时的被动语态:
一般过去时的被动语态:
现在完成时的被动语态:(理解要求)
一般将来时的被动语态:
含有情态动词的被动语态:
3、 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to
Feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch observe, notice, look at, help
口诀:十二个动词真正怪 To去to 归让人烦
主动语态时不在 被动语态却回来
例:make sb do sth = sb +be+made + to do sth
4、 被动语态常考的固定搭配:
Be made of Be made from
Be made in Be used for Be used to do
注意下列短语和动词有“被动形式”,但没有被动的意思:
be used to doing Used to do sth
Be made up of Be dressed Be well-known for
5、 无被动语态的不及物动词常考的有:happen, take place, begin, start, end, belong to, come true.
6、 含双宾语的被动语态:
和to搭配的:give, show, pass, hand, tell, lend, bring ,ect.
和for搭配的: buy, pay, sing, wake, get, do, ect.
7、 主动表被动的动词:sell, wash, write, 和五个起来:feel, smell, look, taste, sound
e.g.: The pen writes well.
He looks strong.
8、 用法引导:
A. 强调动作的承受者 B. 不知动作的执行者
C. 没有必要指出动作的执行人 D. 下列句子要注意
It is said that…. It is known that…. It is believed that….
必考内容之二:宾语从句
考查形式:单项、完成句子
考察难度:考察全面,考查必须掌握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素。
要点归纳:
1、 陈述语序
2、 时态:主句为一般现在时,______________________________
时态:主句为一般过去时,______________________________
3、 that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect.
4、 宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时, 从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式。
必考内容之三:状语从句
考查形式:单项、完形、,
完成句子,重点考查条件状语从句、目的壮语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句,时间状语从句往往结合过去进行时考查,主长从短:I was sleeping when you came in. 主短从长:When he was watching TV, I ran in. 完形填空出现一般都是选择正确的引导词。
考查难度:考察较多的是引导词方面的,对于时态方面的考查较少。考生复习时除了要掌握状语从句各个连词的意义,同时也需要掌握“主将从现”“主祈从现”“主情从现”的时态要求。
要点归纳
1、 时间状语从句:when & while 的运用
_________________________________________________________
注:while有“然而”的意思,表转折
2、 as soon as___________________________________________________
3、 not…until…._________________________________________________
4、 if & unless___________________________________________________
5、 so…that…___________________________________________________
6、 so that_________________________________________________________
7、 because______________________________________________________
考查内容之四:定语从句
考查形式:单选、完型
考察难度:主要考查引导词的选择——关系代词that, which, who以及关系副词where, when。
要点归纳:
1、 that:人或物,人+物
2、 which:物
3、 who:人
4、 when & where:地点、时间
记忆诀窍:从句完整则用when/where,不完整则用which、that,选项同时which & that,则一定不选which/that
必考内容之五:感叹句
考查形式:单词、完成句子
考查难度:考查较简单,基本属于送分题。考生须掌握how和what引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。
要点归纳:
1、 what + a / an +adj. +单数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
2、 What +adj. +复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!
3、 What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
常考的几个不可数名词:food,news,weather,fun,music,work,information,advice,suggestion。
注意:what引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略。
4、 How + adj. +a / an + 单数名词(+主语+谓语)!
5、 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
6、 How + 句子!
必考内容之六:反意疑问句
考查形式:单项选择
考查难度:较简单,考生只需掌握该语法点的原则,一般都能做对。
要点归纳:
1、原则:(1)前肯后否,前否后肯 (2)前名后代 (3)时态一致
常考的否定词:never,few,little,hardly,no,seldom,nobody,nothing,none
2、常考句型:
含有have、has、had时
若出现在完成时态中,则用________________提问
否则,找助动词do/dose/did 帮忙
They had to leave early to catch the train, _____ ______?
He has few friends in the new school, _______ ________?
Had better 用 had
We’d better stay at home todays, __________?
There be …? ________ there?
Let’s…, _______? Let us…, ______?
祈使句,___________?
3、反义疑问句的回答:根据实际答题。
1、 注:有前后缀例外
He is unhappy, isn’t he?
They dislike me, don’t they?
5、I think/believe +that 从句,反义疑问句应反从不反主:
I think Tom has left, hasn’t he?
I don’t believe you are right, are you?
常考内容之七:动词
考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词
考查难度“动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大
一、 时态要点归纳
考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)
考点二:现在完成时4大用法:结果,延续,经历,移位
时间标志:for + 时间段、since+ 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、every、never、“How long…?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中
要点归纳:
区分: have been to + 地点 __________________________
have gone to + 地点 _________________________
have been in + 地点+ for + 时间段 __________________________
瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:
die – be dead buy—have borrow—keep leave/go—be away(from)
make friends—be friends begin/start—be on
arrive/get to/reach/come—be in/be at/stay
join (the Party)—be a (Party) member /be in (the Party)
核心句型:It is + 时间+since+一般过去时的句子
考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)
考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)
二、 情态动词归纳
情态动词有:must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形
考点一:must can 表示推测的运用
考点二:mustn’t的运用,意思是_______________________________________________
考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答
Must ……? Yes, S + must. No, S +needn’t
Need…….? Yes, S + may No, S + musn’t
三、 非谓语动词归纳:和介词一样非常灵活,在句法中,不作谓语,所有句子成分都可充当。
只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语
To + do ( 否定式———not + to + do)
1、 只能接to +do的动词有:decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish +to do
2、 有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有:
Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth.
3、 加 to + do 的重点句型有:
(1) It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱
(2) It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样
(3) Would you like to….?
4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有
一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)五看(watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe),半个帮助(help可以带to,也可以省略)
改为被动语态时,to要还原
例如:This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.
1、 省略to的情况有
(1) 情态动词后
(2) Why not/why don’t you
(3) Would rather…than…
Doing (否定式———not doing)
1、 加doing作非谓语动词常考的有:enjoy,mind,suggest,miss,admit,deny,imagine,practice+doing sth.
2、 加doing的情况有:
(1) 介词后+doing 例如:give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth.等
(2) Feel lilke + doing (喜欢做某事)/prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢…..)
(3) To作介词时的几个常用短语:look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing
3、 既可加to do 也可加doing,并意思相近的动词有:begin, start, like, love, hate
4、 既可加to do 也可加doing,但意思不同的动词有:
Forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做) Forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)
Remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做) Remember doing 记得做过某事(事情已经做了)
Regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾 Regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾
Stop to do 停下来去做某事(去另外一件事情) Stop doing 停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)
归纳记忆:stop…from + doing = prevent… from doing
Try to do 尽力做某事 (区分:manage to do 设法做某事) Try doing 尝试去做某事
Keep/go on to do 继续去做某事(停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情)
Keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情
Mean to do = plan to do 打算/计划去做某事 Mean doing 意味着做某事
重点区分下列搭配:
See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事(已做了)
See / watch sb. doing sth. 看到、看着某人正在做某事(在做)
Hear / notice sb. do sth. 听到/注意到某人做某事(已做了)
Hear / notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事(在做)
关注:have sth. done/ get sth. done need doing / want doing
一、 动词短语
近年广州中考高频动词短语归纳
动词和动词短语在广州市中考里面主要是考察词义辨析,是历年中考的必考内容。
1.speak _______________ say ______________ talk _______________ tell _______________
2. bring ______________ take ______________ carry_______________
3.borrow _______________ lend ______________ keep ______________ return = give back_________________
4. look after = ______________________ look at __________________ look for ________________
look out _______________ look up __________________ look down upon _______________
look over _________________ look around ______________ look forward to (doing) sth.__________________
5. listen to _________ sound ____________ hear_____________
hear of = hear about ____________ hear from ______________
6.put on __________ wear = be in ____________ dress in _______________
dress sb/oneself ___________ dress up __________ dress in____________
7. spend _____________ pay _________________ cost __________________
take ______________ collect ___________ afford ________________
8. find ___________ find out ____________ look for ______________
9. get to _____________ reach ___________ arrive at/in _______________
注意:home、here、there后面不能加介词
10. take part in = join in _________ join _____________ attend ______________ hold ____________
11. turn on __________ turn off __________ turn up ____________ turn up _________ turn down
12. 与take有关的短语
take away __________ take part in ___________ take care of ___________
take charge of _________ take one’s place __________ take place___________
take sth. to sb. __________ take sb. to + 地点___________ take off _____________
13. 与put有关的短语
put on __________ put off __________ put out ____________ put away ___________ put up __________
14.与fall有关的短语
fall asleep _________ fall behind _________ 反义词___________ fall in love with sb. ___________________
fall ill __________________ fall into bad habit ___________________
15.与get有关的短语
get on ____________ get off _______________ get to _______________ get on (well) with _____________________
一、 分词作形容词
考查形式:完形填空
考查难度:一般,只要会判断是该考点,就能做对。
要点归纳: exciting & excited interesting & interested surprising & surprised boring & bored
常考内容之一:
so do I.(我也一样) & so I do. (确实如此)
巧记:的确如此,正常语序。
常考内容之二:不定代词
考查形式:选择填空,完形填空,完成句子
考察难度:偏难,熟悉常用代词有帮助。
1、 another/other/the other/others/the others
another “众多中的另外一个”; the other“两个中的另外一个”。对应的搭配为“one…. another/one….the other一个…….另一个
other“其他的”,后面+_______; the other “其余的”,the other有范围,后面+_________。(作定语)
others“其他的人/事物”;the others“其余的人/事物”,有范围。(宾语,主语)
One….the other
● ○ 一个… 另一个
One ….the others
● ○○○ 一个… 其余的
Some…the others
●●●…○○○ 一些… 剩余的
用another/other/the other/others/the others填空
I have two friends. One is Tom, the other is Mary.
I can’t keep the book for a month, but I’m not allowed to lend it to others.
I can’t work out the fifth question, but I have done all the others.
Lucy, would you show me another photo.
We should save money to help other poor children.
2、a few / few / a little / little
A few / few+ 可数名词;a little / little + 不可数名词。Few 和 little具有否定意义,表示“量少、几乎没有”;a few 和 a little具有肯定意义,表示量“虽少,一些,一点点”。
用a few/ few/ a little / little填空
The student had never learnt history before, so ______ student could pass the history exam.
The maths problem was difficult but ____ student could still work it out.
I still have _____ time. I can help you.
There is _____ water loft in the bottle. Can you go and get some for me?
3. something anything everything nothing + 形容词后置
4.反身代词的搭配
By oneself 靠某人自己 help yourself…. 请随便吃点….. lose oneself 迷路
Enjoy oneself 玩得开心 teacher oneself自学 = learn sth. by oneself
常考内容之三:数词
考查形式:单项、单词拼写
考查难度:一般
(1)常考不规则序数词:first, second, third, fourth, fifith, eighth, nith, twelfth, twentieth.(遇到整十的把y改为ie+th)
(2)hundred,thoudand,million,billion与of连用,不加s,表示概数。前面有具体数字时,不加s。
(3)“数词+名词(+形容词)”的结构,中间的名词不加s。例如:10-minute walk=___________
(4)分数的表达____________________________________________________
(5)年代的表达____________________________________________________
(6)“在……多少岁”的表达________________________________________
(7)“a + 序数词”表示_____________________________________________
(8) a number of
(9)the number of
常考内容之四:连词
考查形式:单项、完形
考查难度:一般
要点归纳:
(1) and_________ or _________ so__________ but __________ however _________ while _________
(2) both…and…______________________ either of ___________________
(3) neither of _____________________ neither…nor…___________________
(4) not only…but also…_________________
(5) so+ __________ that…. & such+_______________ 意思是_________________
与many,much,few,little连用时,只能用___________
(6) thought & although
形容词考点归纳
1、 adj.后置
形容词在修饰someone, somebody, smoething, anyone, anybody, anything, nothing, nobody等不定代词时,要置于其后。如:something important(一些重要的事)
1、 adj作表语
(1)只能作表语的形容词大多数以原音字母开头。如:afraid(害怕的),alike(相同的),alive(活着的),alone(单独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),ill(有病的)
He is an ill man. (错) The man is ill.(对)
(2)连系动词+adj.作表语
连系动词有:be动词;“变化”系动词:get, go, become, turn, fall; 感官动词:feel, look, smell. Taste, sound; “保持”系动词stay, keep, remain
(3)貌似副词的adj.——friendly(有好的);lonely(寂寞的);lovely(可爱的);likely(可能的)
(4)adj.排列顺序——冠→代→数→形→大,新→色→国→材→名
(注:冠——冠词,代——代词,数——数词,形——形状,大——大小,新——新旧,
色——颜色,国——国家、地区,材——材料、用途,名——被修饰的名词)
一、 两者相等时,用原级比较:
1、 A+be(am/is/are)+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B. (A与B一样)
否定式:A+be(am/is/are)+not+as(so)+adj./adv.原级+as+B.
2、 A+be+倍数词+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B. (A是B的多少倍)
This river is twice as long as that one.
3、A+be+倍数词+比较级+than+B. (A比B大/高…多少倍)
This river is once longer than that one.
二、 两者不相等时,用比较级
1. A +be+比较级+than +B
2. 表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is + 比较级,A or B?”
Which city is more beautiful, Guangzhou or Shenzhen?
3.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越….越….”
4.“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越….”
多音节的形容词的这种结构为“more and more+形容词原级”
5.“the+比较级+of the two”表示“两个中更….的一个”
6.“…times+比较级+than”表示“俾…大(多)几倍”
7.比较级+than any other+单数名词,意思是“比其他任何一个….都更…..”(这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。)
She is taller than any other girl in the team.
可以修饰adl. 比较级的副词有:much, a little, a lot, a bit, a little bit, even, still, far等。
三、 三者或以上比较,表示“最…”,用最高级
1.A + be + the + 最高级+ in/of范围
2.表示三者之间的选择,可使用“which is +比较级,A,B or C?”
3.在“of all the+名词”中出现,表示“在所有的…..之中,最……”
4.“one of the + 最高级+名词复数”表示“最….的…..之一”
5.the + 序数词+最高级,表示“第几….的”
1.“It is + adj. + to do sth.” 表示“做某事是怎样的”
2.sb. find/think/believe+ it + adj. to do sth. 此句型中,adj.做宾补
例如:We find it important to learn English well.
3. too…to; not ….enough to; so …… that
Too+形容词/副词+ to +动词(太….而不能)= not + 形容词/副词的反义词+ enough to
= so + 形容词/副词+ that 否定句
例:He is too young to go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school.
=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
副词考点归纳
1. 副词的作用——常考修饰动词。在语法选择、完形填空出现。只要能判断前面是动词,那么就应该用副词,叫容易选对答案。
2. adj.变adv.的变化规则“
(1)直接在词尾+ly careful——carefully
(2)辅音字母+y结尾的,把y改i, 再加ly easy——easily
注意:
Good的副词是well,当表示身体好时,well是形容词,而不用good。
Fast的副词还是fast,hard的副词还是hard,hardly是表示“几乎不”的意思,属于否定词,常在反义疑问句考查。
High的副词是high,highly是“高度地”的意思 如:speak highly of sb.
区分:too many+ 可数名词复数 “太多…..”
Too much+不可数名词 “太多…..”
Much too+形容词 “太…..”