2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版选修8 9页

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Bees play a vital role in the world.Unfortunately，bees are dying by the second.‎ The main purpose of bees is to make honey.Honey, shockingly，does not exist for human consumption；it is essential to the insects.Honeybees store honey in their hives (蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period.They collect pollen(花粉)which supplies protein for young bees to grow.‎ According to National Honey Board，the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $14.6 billion per year.These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee, beans，and broccoli.‎ So if they are so valuable to agriculture，why do they keep dying off？A key suspect seems to be pesticides(农药)．Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological(神经系统的)functions, specifically memory or behavior.And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen，plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen.There are several other causes of the decline of bees，including the destruction of natural habitats，like woodlands，forests，and other habitats for bees.Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population.‎ Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly plants.Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home，so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers.‎ ‎1．Why do honeybees store honey in their hives?‎ A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume.‎ B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees.‎ C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger.‎ D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter.‎ ‎2．Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that ________.‎ A．bees supply human beings with basic food 9‎ B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year ‎3．What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind?‎ A．The lack of food.‎ B．The abuse of pesticides.‎ C．The fighting among bees.‎ D．The destruction of the habitats.‎ ‎4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?‎ A．Another way to save bees.‎ B．Other tips for choosing seeds.‎ C．More methods to plant green organic fruits.‎ D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。‎ ‎【难句分析】These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans, and broccoli.‎ 分析：本句为主从复合句，句中we eat today为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the fruits and vegetables。‎ 译文：这些昆虫对我们如今所食用的超过70种的水果和蔬菜负责，包括苹果、葡萄、咖啡、豆类和西兰花。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．C　考查细节理解。根据第三段的“These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans，and broccoli”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides...And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．A　考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting beefriendly 9‎ ‎ plants”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．Some people say that classical music ________(associate) only with old people.‎ 答案：is associated　be associated with ... “与……有关”。‎ ‎2．Though we are living a better life, I can't bear ________(see) food thrown away.‎ 答案：seeing　can't bear doing ... “不能忍受做某事”。‎ ‎3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates?‎ 答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……与……区分/辨别开”。‎ ‎4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population.‎ 答案：that　bear in mind that ... “记住……”。‎ ‎5．The service offers young people ________(practice) advice on finding a job.‎ 答案：practical　此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical “实用的；实际的；实践的”。‎ ‎6．We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.‎ 答案：expectation　由空前的冠词可知应填名词。‎ ‎7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.‎ 答案：seizing　该句为“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作by的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。‎ ‎8．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.‎ 答案：that　该句为含有not until的强调句。由该句型“It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他”可知，应填that。‎ ‎9．She ________(tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it.‎ 答案：tapped　由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didn't ...，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。‎ ‎10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.‎ 9‎ 答案：bought　过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ Not many people can say they've been hit by a vehicle, but I can. I rode my bike to my daily. __1__ practice in a gym last summer. I crossed the street as the light __2__ ; however, a young woman __3__ me with her fancy racing car. Like James Bond in a very __4__ situation, I rolled across the hood(引擎盖) onto the other side of the car. You may wonder __5__ a woman driver could be so careless. The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving, so her __6__ was clearly drawn away from driving, which caused the accident.‎ After assessing my __7__ and believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way, I __8__ and talked to the woman driver. I could tell she was obviously quite __9__. So was I. After assuring her of my wellbeing, we __10__ ways.‎ ‎ __11__ my surprisingly shabby bicycle, I went on my way. I rode into the __12__ 20 minutes late. Upon my arrival, my tennis coach and friends asked me why I was late. Nervously, I __13__ the car accident. Everyone seemed to be far more __14__ than I was. In fact, I __15__ joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape.‎ ‎ After this __16__， I realize the importance of bike lanes and watching out for pedestrians.‎ ‎ Now as I drive, I always __17__ for people on bikes so that they do not __18__ the same fate (命运) that I did. __19__， for all the bikers and runners out there, watch out for cars, as one small mistake could __20__ an unforgivable mistake.‎ ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在骑车去体育馆参加网球训练的途中，被一辆跑车撞到，幸运的是“我”的骨头没有受伤。通过这起事故，“我”意识到了自行车车道和注意行人的重要性。‎ ‎1．A.football B．tennis ‎ C．volleyball D．badminton 答案与解析：B　根据第三段第三句中的“my tennis coach”可以判断，“我”骑自行车到体育馆参加网球训练，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．A.permitted B．broke ‎ C．appeared D．exploded 答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“I crossed the street”可知，“我”穿过了街道；根据常识可以判断，此举是在信号灯的允许(permitted)下进行的，故A项符合语境。‎ 9‎ ‎3．A.passed B．greeted ‎ C．hit D．met 答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“a young woman __3__ me with her fancy racing car”，并结合第一段第一句中的“been hit by a vehicle”可知，一位年轻的女士开着跑车撞到了“我”。C项意为“撞击，击中”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.romantic B．humorous ‎ C．awkward D．dangerous 答案与解析：D　根据该句“Like James Bond in a very __4__ situation, I rolled across the hood (引擎盖) onto the other side of the car.”可知，就像詹姆斯·邦德在非常危险的(dangerous)情况下那样，“我”从引擎盖上滚到了车的另一边。‎ ‎5．A.how B．if ‎ C．when D．where 答案与解析：A　分析该句结构可知，空处在宾语从句中作状语；结合该句“You may wonder __5__ a woman driver could be so careless.”及语境可知，你可能想知道，一个女司机怎么会如此粗心？how表示“怎么，如何”，故选A。‎ ‎6．A.passion B．attention ‎ C．interest D．excitement 答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving”可知，这位女士在开车时打电话。据此可以判断，她的注意力(attention)不在开车上。‎ ‎7．A.needs B．behaviors C．injuries D．conclusions 答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way”可以判断，这是在对“我”的伤势进行评定。C项意为“损伤”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“需要”；B项意为“行为”；D项意为“结论”。‎ ‎8．A.stood up B．walked away C．lay down D．blew up 答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged”可知，“我”的骨头都没有受伤；据此可以判断，“我”站起身和那位女司机说话。A项意为“站起身”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“走开”；C项意为“躺下”；D项意为“爆炸，爆发”。‎ ‎9．A.rude B．cautious ‎ C．forgetful D．scared 9‎ 答案与解析：D　根据上文可知，“我”被这位女司机开的跑车撞到；据此可以判断，这位女司机很害怕(scared)，故D项正确。A项意为“粗鲁的”；B项意为“谨慎的”；C项意为“健忘的”。‎ ‎10．A.parted B．cleared ‎ C．explored D．changed 答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“After assuring her of my wellbeing”可以判断，在让她确信“我”身体没事以后，我们就分开(parted)了。‎ ‎11．A.Turning in B．Picking up C．Putting aside D．Giving away 答案与解析：B　根据上文可知，“我”被女司机驾驶的跑车撞到；据此可以判断，“我”扶起(Picking up)了“我”的破烂的自行车就上路了。A项意为“交还”；C项意为“把……放在一边，撇开”；D项意为“泄露”。‎ ‎12．A.garage B．parking lot ‎ C．gym D．bike store 答案与解析：C　根据第一段第二句中的“gym”可知，“我”骑车进了体育馆(gym)，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.avoided B．ignored ‎ C．prevented D．mentioned 答案与解析：D　根据该段最后一句中的“saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并结合该句“Nervously, I __13__ the car accident”可知，紧张之余，“我”提到(mentioned)了这起事故。‎ ‎14．A.grateful B．inspired ‎ C．anxious D．curious 答案与解析：C　根据前一句可知，“我”提到了这起事故；结合该句“Everyone seemed to be far more __14__ than I was.”可以判断，他们似乎比“我”更加担心(anxious)。A项意为“感激的”；B项意为“能力卓越的”；D项意为“好奇的”。‎ ‎15．A.still B．even ‎ C．just D．yet 答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并结合前一句他们似乎比“我”更加担心的描述可知，事实上，“我”甚至(even)开起了玩笑。‎ ‎16．A.attempt B．sacrifice ‎ C．exploration D．accident 答案与解析：D　根据上下文可知，在这起事故(accident)之后，“我”意识到了自行车车道和密切注意行人的重要性。A项意为“尝试”；B项意为“牺牲”；C项意为“探索”。‎ 9‎ ‎17．A.look out B．work out ‎ C．come out D．set out 答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“so that they do not __18__ the same fate(命运) that I did”可知，现在“我”开车时总要密切注意(look out)骑自行车的人，这样他们就不会遭受(suffer)与“我”同样的命运。B项意为“锻炼”；C项意为“公开表明”；D项意为“出发”。‎ ‎18．A.accept B．deserve ‎ C．suffer D．escape 答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。A项意为“接受”；B项意为“应得”；D项意为“逃跑”。‎ ‎19．A.Thus B．However ‎ C．Otherwise D．Also 答案与解析：D　根据语境可知，“我”现在开车总要密切注意骑自行车的人，同样(Also)，对于所有的骑自行车的人和跑步者，他们应当注意来往车辆，因为一个小错误可能会导致(cause)一个不可原谅的错误。‎ ‎20．A.repeat B．cause ‎ C．correct D．realize 答案与解析：B　参见上题解析。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：on→up　call up “使回忆起；给……打电话”。‎ ‎2．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉第二个the　out of order “发生故障；次序颠倒”。‎ ‎3．After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：out→about或doing→to do　set about doing ... ＝set out to do ... “着手/开始做……”。‎ ‎4．The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital.‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎ 9‎ 答案：knock→knocked　过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰the boy, 表被动，故应把knock改为knocked。‎ ‎5．The teacher's abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening.‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：abruptly→abrupt　修饰动名词短语ending speaking应用形容词，故将abruptly改为abrupt。‎ 五、七选五 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 　 1　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ ‎● 　 2 　 ‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 3 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ‎ ‎●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.‎ A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters 9‎ D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have ‎【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的具体建议。‎ ‎1.F 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，这里是在讲＂你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的＂。故F项＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too＂符合语境。‎ ‎ 3.E 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂Some people may think...＂和＂Others are concerned about...＂可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的＂Still others may simply enjoy...＂与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎5.G 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂与G项中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼应，故选G项。‎ 9‎