高考英语二轮复习资料专题09非谓语动词教学案教师版 100页

‎2013高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题09 非谓语动词教学案（教师版）‎ ‎【2013高考考纲解读】‎ 非谓语动词是高中英语教学法的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。不仅单项填空中，而且完形填空、短文改错中都反复考查。命题热点多是一些常用动词及特殊动词对其后的非谓语动词的形式（不定式、过去分词及动词的-ing形式）不同要求。有时也涉及到非谓语动词的完成式和否定式以及非谓语动词作状语时还要注意逻辑主语一致性原则。解题过程中要紧紧把握主、被动关系和时间来确定非谓语动词的形式。‎ 命题特点：‎ ‎1．考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。‎ ‎2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。‎ ‎【重点知识整合】‎ 非谓语动词试题解题方法：‎ ‎1．非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：‎ ‎① 具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。‎ ‎② 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。‎ ‎③ 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。‎ ‎④ 具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。‎ ‎2．理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别；不定式、分词作补语的区别；不定式、分词作状语的区别；独立主格的用法；不定式、分词作定语的区别。‎ ‎3．解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路：‎ ‎① 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；‎ ‎② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；‎ ‎③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；‎ ‎④ 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。‎ 重点知识整合一 非谓语动词的句法功能 名称 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定式 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 动名词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 现在分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 过去分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 重点知识整合二 分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 ‎1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：‎ I heard her sing an English song just now. ‎ 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。‎ I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.‎ 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。‎ I heard the English song sung many times.‎ 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。‎ 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：‎ I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)‎ I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)‎ ‎2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。‎ leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 ‎（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）‎ leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 ‎（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）‎ leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做 ‎（不定式表示将来的动作。）‎ 如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. ‎ 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）‎ The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. ‎ 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）‎ He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. ‎ 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）‎ We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. ‎ 我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）‎ ‎3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中heave, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。‎ ‎① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.‎ 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football.‎ Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. ‎ ‎② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）‎ get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. ‎ 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。‎ The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. ‎ 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。‎ 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：‎ I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.‎ 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。‎ Don’t have the water running all the time. ‎ 不要让水流个不停。‎ ‎③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. ‎ I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me. ‎ 二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：‎ advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。如：‎ ‎① An army spokesman stressed that all thd soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. ‎ ‎② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.‎ ‎③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.‎ 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：‎ 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如：‎ At that time, I found him crying in the street. ‎ He was caught stealing. ‎ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. ‎ The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. ‎ 重点知识整合三 不定式、分词作定语用法要点 一、不定式作定语 ‎1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：‎ The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. ‎ There is nothing to worry about. ‎ Please give me a knife to cut with.‎ Here is some paper for you to write on.‎ 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：‎ He had no money and no place to live (in).‎ We found a way to solve this problem (in).‎ ‎2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：‎ Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？‎ ‎（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）‎ Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？‎ ‎（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）‎ ‎3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：‎ 不定式表将来：‎ I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. ‎ 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：‎ He was the best man to do the job.‎ She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. ‎ Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. ‎ 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：‎ Do you have the ability to read and write English ?‎ I have to chance to go sight –seeing. ‎ 二、分词作定语 ‎1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V –ing; being + 过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V –ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：‎ The houses being built are for the teachers. ‎ The broken glass is Tom’s. ‎ I have never seen a more moving movie. ‎ ‎2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：‎ falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子 boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）‎ 三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别 这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：‎ Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?‎ He is a man loved and respected by all. ‎ Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. ‎ 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：‎ Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. ‎ 不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：‎ The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one. ‎ 重点知识整合四 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点 一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：‎ 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help ‎ 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：‎ ‎① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.‎ ‎② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.‎ ‎③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state – run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. ‎ 二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：‎ 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。‎ consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk ‎ 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎① The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. ‎ ‎② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days. ‎ ‎③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. ‎ 三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。‎ ‎1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)‎ can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 例如：‎ ‎① She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. ‎ ‎② — The light in the office is still on. ‎ ‎— Oh, I forgot to turn it off. ‎ ‎③ — I usually go there by train. ‎ ‎— Why not try going by boat for a change ?‎ ‎④ — You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ‎ ‎— Well, now I regret having done that. ‎ ‎2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：‎ I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.‎ I’d like to go swimming this weekend. ‎ ‎3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：‎ allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. ‎ allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. ‎ 如：We don’t allow smoking here. ‎ We don’t allow students to smoke. ‎ ‎4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：‎ need / require / want doing / to be done ‎ need / require / want sb. to do sth. ‎ be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词) be worth doing ‎ be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done ‎ 如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. ‎ The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.‎ 窗户需要擦一下。‎ The place is worth visiting. ‎ The place is worthy of a visit. ‎ The place is worthy of being visited. ‎ The place is worthy to be visited. ‎ 那个地方值得一去。‎ 如：① only one of these books is worth reading. ‎ ‎② — What do you think of the book ? ‎ ‎— Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time. ‎ 四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh – 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。‎ 注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：‎ He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)‎ I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)‎ Can you tell me why do it ?‎ 五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：‎ We could do nothing but / other than wait. ‎ We had nothing to do but / other than wait. ‎ We have no choice but to wait. ‎ I can’t choose but laugh. ‎ 重点知识整合五 不定式、分词作状语用法要点 一、不定式作状语 He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)‎ They went there to visit their teacher. ‎ 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）‎ He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. ‎ 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）‎ My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. ‎ 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）‎ 在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：‎ I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。‎ I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。‎ 在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：‎ He was too excited not to say a few words. ‎ 他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。‎ He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。‎ She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。‎ 注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。‎ He got up early in order to catch the first bus. ‎ 他早起为了赶上第一班车。‎ The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. ‎ 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。‎ To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)‎ To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. ‎ To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)‎ 二、分词作状语 ‎1．分词作状语形式的选择 形式 意义 V + ing (doing)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。‎ having + V + ed ‎(having done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。‎ V + ed (done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ being + V + ed ‎(being done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。‎ having been + V +ed ‎(having been done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。‎ ‎2．分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。‎ ‎3．分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：‎ Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)‎ Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)‎ Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)‎ Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)‎ The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)‎ Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)‎ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)‎ ‎4．独立成分作状语 有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：‎ Generally speaking … 一般说来 Frankly speaking … 坦白地说 Judging from … 根据……来判断 Considering … 考虑到……‎ To tell you the truth … 说实话 重点知识整合六 非谓语动词其它用法 一、疑问词 + 不定式结构 疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：‎ I didn’t know what to do. (宾语)‎ When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)‎ My question was how to get so many books. (表语)‎ 注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?‎ 二、不定式的主动和被动 ‎1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：‎ Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?‎ ‎(A knife cuts the watermelon.)‎ ‎2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：‎ She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)‎ I know what to do. (I do what.)‎ ‎3．不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：‎ This book is difficult to understand. ‎ This kind of fish is nice to eat. ‎ ‎4．在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：‎ There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )‎ There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )‎ 请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：‎ There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)‎ There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)‎ 三、不定式符号to 的保留问题 有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。‎ 如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：‎ I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. ‎ ‎— Are you on holiday ? ‎ ‎— No, but I’d like to be. ‎ ‎— I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。‎ ‎— Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的。‎ 四、动名词作主语 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。‎ It is / was no use / good + doing sth. ‎ It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.‎ It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. ‎ It is / was useless ‎ 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。‎ It is of little good staying up too late every day. ‎ 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。‎ Seeing is believing. ‎ To see is to believe. ‎ 眼见为实。‎ 五、注意以下表达的意义区别 falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶 boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. ‎ Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. ‎ The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) ‎ 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。‎ His frightening shout scared the boys again. ‎ ‎( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )‎ 他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。‎ 类似的还有：‎ an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He ‎ He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. ‎ ‎(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。‎ He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. ‎ ‎(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。‎ I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. ‎ ‎(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在准备演讲稿。‎ I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. ‎ ‎(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。‎ ‎【高频考点突破】‎ 考点一：从时态和语态考查非谓语动词的用法 英语高考试题中从时态和语态来考查非谓语动词的题目是比较多的，其中有单独考查非谓语动词时态的，有单独考查其语态的，而多数题是从时态和语态两方面来综合考查的。 ‎ 例1、 _____the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. ‎ A. Not completing     B. Not completed    C. Not having completed    D. Having not completed 例2、The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. ‎ A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced ‎【答案】C 例3、“Things _________ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.‎ A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost ‎【答案】A ‎【考点小结】‎ 仔细观察这些题目可知有其共同的考点，即选择谓语动词还是非谓语动词；选择主动语态还是被动语态；选择过去式还是将来式或是完成式等。做此类题的基本步骤为：‎ ‎1、确定所要填充的是非谓语动词。‎ 方法：英语一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词，根据句意和句子结构来推断谓语动词所处的位置。由此便可判断出空格处是否为非谓语动词。‎ ‎2、确定非谓语动词的语态。‎ 方法：首先需要找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语，然后根据逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间的关系是主动关系还是被动关系，最后确定选择主动式还是被动式。‎ ‎3、确定非谓语动词的时态。‎ 方法：非谓语动词形式主要有三种：不定式（包括to ‎ do或do两种形式）、分词（即现在分词V-ing和 过去分词–ed两种形式）和动名词（即V-ing形式）。一般情况下，不定式含有“将来”的意思，现在分词含有“正在进行或将要进行”的意思并表示主动意义，过去分词含有“过去发生或已经完成”的意思并含有被动意义 考点二、从词的惯用法或固定结构搭配考查非谓语动词的用法 例1、I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.‎ A. to be breathed       B. to breathe    C. breathing     D. being breathed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为“夏天我喜欢早起，早晨的空气呼吸新鲜顺畅”。 这是考查“主语 + 谓语（系动词） + 表语（形容词） + to do ”结构中不定式的用法。在这一结构中不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。所以答案选B了。 ‎ 例2、David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. ‎ A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported ‎ 例3、—The last one ______ pays the meal. ‎ ‎　 —Agreed!‎ ‎　 A．arrived　　B．arrives C．to arrive　　D．arriving ‎ ‎【考点小结】‎ 从词的惯用法和固定结构方面来考查非谓语动词，只能需要考生在平时学习中要多加积累并学会在语境中理解才能更好地应付。但下面几点需要特别注意。‎ ‎1、不定式的主动形式表示被动含义有三种情况。‎ ‎1）在“be＋表示特征性质的形容词＋不定式”结构中；该结构中常用的形容词有： easy ，hard ， difficult ， important ， impossible ， interesting ， pleasant ， nice ， comfortable ， safe ， dangerous ， cheap ， fit ， heavy，happy, glad, pleasant, sorry, lucky, surprised, angry, able, right, ready, clever, foolish, quick, slow, polite, wrong等。这类形容词既说明主语的特性，又与后面的不定式构成因果关系。‎ ‎2）不定式与疑问词连用时；‎ ‎3）某些动词（如to blame/seek/let等）的不定式与be动词连用时，。‎ ‎2、后面常接动名词作宾语的动词（或词组）有：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep on, mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, ‎ ‎3、后面只能跟名词或动名词作宾语的动词短语有：devote…to…,（把…奉献给） be/become/get used to（习惯于）, object to（反对）, look forward to（期望）, add up to（结果是）, admit to（承认）, be equal to（等于）, burst out（突然爆发）, get down to（开始）, insist on/stick to/ adhere to /persist in（坚持）, take to（开始）, see to（注意）, set about（着手）, lead to（导致）, pay attention to（注意）, think about /think of（考虑）, succeed in（成功）, worry about（担忧），give up（放弃）, dream of（梦见）, hear of（听说）, depend on（依靠）, feel like（很想要）, can’t stand（不能忍受）, prevent/stop/keep…from…（阻止…干…）, have difficulty in（对…有困难）, put off（推迟）等。‎ ‎4、后面接动词原形（即不带to的不定式）作宾语或宾语补足语的动词有以下几种情况。‎ ‎①在感官动词后（如hear, feel, watch, notice, see, discover, observe, listen to, look at等）作宾语补足语时；‎ ‎②在使役动词后（如have, make, let, leave等）作宾语补足语时；‎ ‎③在一些固定结构后（如had better, would rather, rather than, can’t help but等）作宾语时；‎ ‎④以why开头的省略疑问句中；‎ ‎5、常见有些动词(7个)后面既可以跟不定式（表示动作还没有发生）还可以跟动名词（表示动作已经发生），它们是：forget, remember, regret, stop, go on, try, mean等。 ‎ ‎①forget to do忘记要去做某事 ‎ forget doing忘记已做过某事 ‎②remember to do记住去做某事 ‎ remember doing记得做过某事 ‎③regret to do对要做的事表示抱歉 ‎ regret doing对做过的事表示遗憾或后悔 ‎④stop to do停止下来去做另一件事 ‎ stop doing停止正在做的事 ‎⑤go on to do做完一件事后，继续去做另一件事 ‎ go on doing继续做原来的事 ‎⑥ try to do 尽力要去做某事 ‎ try doing 尝试做某事 ‎⑦ mean to do 打算去做某事 ‎ mean doing 意味去做某事 考点三：从独立主格结构考查非谓语动词的用法 例1、I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year. ‎ A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed ‎ 例2、The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent _____ at the end of last March.‎ A. has been launched B. having been launched 　C. being launched D. to be launched ‎ ‎【考点小结】‎ 独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构，它只有逻辑上的主语（名词或代词充当）和谓语（一般用分词，不定式，形容词，副词，数词，介词短语来充当），而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语，主要用语书面语中，在口语中不常用，在句子中起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句，表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等，用于修饰整个句子。其位置可放在句首、句中或句尾，与主句之间只有逗号相隔，而没有任何连词相连，这是区别独立主格结构与分句的主要特征。‎ 非谓语动词充当独立主格结构中的逻辑谓语，主要有两种形式，即“逻辑主语＋分词”和“逻辑主语＋不定式”。在“分词”选择上（是现在分词还是过去分词）以及“不定式”语态确定上主要根据逻辑主语和逻辑谓语之间的关系（是主动关系还是被动关系）来确定，若是被动关系就选择过去分词或不定式的被动式，若是主动关系就选择现在分词或不定式的主动式。‎ 另外，还有一种省略逻辑主语的独立主格结构，即当逻辑主语表示一般人（如we, you, one等）时，主语可省略。这时独立主格结构相当于一个插入语。如，generally speaking（一般来说）, strictly speaking（严格地说）, talking of（谈到）, speaking of（说到）, judging from…（由…来判断）, considering（考虑到）, taking all things into consideration（把一切考虑在内）等。‎ 考点四：从句法功能考查非谓语动词的用法 例1、 A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. ‎ A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill ‎ 例2、At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future. ‎ A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered ‎【考点小结】‎ 有比较才有鉴别，为了便于识别非谓语动词的各种句法功能，笔者列出下表供同学们识别、记忆和运用。‎ 成分 形式 主语 谓语 宾 语 表语 状语 定语 同位语 独立 成分 直接宾语 短语动词宾语 介词宾语 形容词宾语 宾语补语 不定式 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 动名词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎ ‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎ ‎ 现在分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 过去分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎（注：√表示非谓语形式可以充当的成分）‎ 说明：‎ ‎1、可作主语的只有不定式和动名词，两者区别：‎ ‎① 两者可互换，都可以用it作形式主语。‎ ‎② 在问句there be和It’s no good/use句型中多用动名词。‎ ‎③ 从时间概念上区别，不定式多表示将来或已完成，而动名词一般无时间概念。‎ ‎2、可作宾语的有不定式、动名词和分词，但两者区别在于：‎ ‎① 不定式不能作介词的宾语。‎ ‎② 动名词不能作宾语补足语。‎ ‎③ 现在分词和过去分词只可作宾语补足语，而不能作其他宾语。‎ ‎④ 关于不定式、动名词或分词究竟在情况下可跟在动词后面作宾语，可以结合“考点二小结”来区别和运用。‎ ‎3、非谓语动词都可以作表语，但所表达的意义和特点不尽相同（可见下表）‎ ‎（非谓语动词作表语的区别）‎ 时间概念 相对词性 不定式 多表将来 名词 动名词 无时间概念 名词 现在分词 表示当时 形容词 过去分词 表示当时 形容词 ‎4、非谓语动词作状语时也是有区别的（具体情况见下表），作目的状语和结果状语的通常是不定式，分词一般作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。另外，动名词不作状语。‎ 状语 时间 原因 条件 伴随 目的 结果 不定式 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 动名词 现在分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 过去分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎5、非谓语动词都可作定语，但也有区别（见下表）。‎ 与被修饰词的位置关系 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 时间概念 不定式 位于被修饰词之后 动宾关系 表示将来或将发生 动名词 位于被修饰词之前 表示被修饰词的性能作用 经常发生 现在分词 或前或后 主谓关系 正在发生 过去分词 或前或后 动宾关系 已经发生 ‎【难点探究】‎ ‎1． 考查非谓语动词的基本区别 ‎ 从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成（尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成）；从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动（不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行）。‎ ‎【例】The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．‎ ‎ A．produced B．being produced C．to be produced D．having been produced ‎【例】All of them try to use the power of the workstation _____ information in a more effective way. ‎ ‎ A. presenting B. presented ‎ C being presented D. to present ‎【答案】D。 zxxk ‎【解析】考查非谓语的用法。通过句意可知要用不定式作状语表示原因。为了更好的展示信息。所以答案为D。‎ ‎2.考查非谓语动词的语态 ‎ 即结合句子意思，考查非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式；若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。 ‎ ‎【例】We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. ‎ A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding ‎ ‎【例】_____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. EncouragingC. Encouraged D. Having encouraged【例】Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat ‎3.考查非谓语动词完成式的用法 ‎ 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词和现在分词）的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。 ‎ ‎ 【例】________ many times, he finally understood it. ‎ ‎ A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told ‎ ‎ 【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】考查非谓语的用法。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。 ‎ ‎4.考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语 ‎ 在通常情况下，表伴随情况应用现在分词。 ‎ ‎ 【例】When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back。‎ ‎ A. flooding B. to flood ‎ ‎ C. flood D. flooded ‎【例】Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school,        the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad.‎ A. Attend      B. To attend         C. Attending        D. Having attended ‎5.考查非谓语动词用作目的状语 ‎ 在通常情况下，用作目的状语的只能是不定式。 ‎ ‎【例】______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.‎ A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete【例】 , you need to give all you have and try your best. ‎ ‎ A Being a winner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner ‎6.考查非谓语动词用作结果状语。‎ ‎ 【例】 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _________a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4．‎ ‎ A. have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching ‎ 【例】 He hurried to the station only____that the train had left. ‎ ‎ A. to find B.finding C.found D.to have found ‎7.考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语 原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表示未来，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示完成和被动。‎ ‎【例】I couldn't do my homework with all that noise __________.‎ ‎ A. going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on ‎ 【例】 You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it________often enough.‎ ‎ A. explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained ‎8.考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题 ‎ 按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。 ‎ ‎ 【例】While watching television, ____. ‎ ‎ A. the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings ‎ C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings ‎9.考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题 ‎ 原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题时需引起注意。 ‎ ‎ 【例】It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview; ____ the answers ready will be of great help. ‎ ‎ A. to have had B.having had C.have D.having ‎10.考查“be+过去分词十介词”结构 ‎ “be+过去分词十介词”结构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in等，也往往是命题的热点。 ‎ ‎ 【例】____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. ‎ ‎ A. Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D. Losing ‎ 【例】____in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. ‎ ‎ A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed ‎11.非谓语动词的综合考查 ‎ 有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词。‎ ‎ 【例】I don't want _______ like I'm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair.‎ ‎ A. to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded ‎ 【例】—— Is Bob still performing?‎ ‎ —— I'm afraid not. He is said____the stage already as he has become an official. ‎ ‎ A. to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left ‎【历届高考】‎ ‎【2012江西卷】33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.‎ ‎ A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken ‎【2012江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ‎ ‎ him it.‎ ‎ A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered ‎ 【2012湖南卷】31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. ‎ ‎ A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started ‎【2012湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank. ‎ ‎ A. to use B. used C. using D. use ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。此处过去分词作条件状语表被动。 ‎ ‎【2012湖南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success. ‎ ‎ A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do ‎【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.‎ A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered ‎【2012重庆卷】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.‎ A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 技巧点拨：考查非谓语动词。分析题干的句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，publish与book之间存在被动关系，next month是表示将来的时间状语，因此，空格处表示被动将来，故正确答案为B选项。A表示被动完成；C表示主动将来；D表示被动进行，均不合语境。‎ ‎【2012重庆卷】23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.‎ ‎ A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked ‎【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. ‎ ‎ A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate ‎【2012辽宁卷】25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. ‎ ‎ A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows ‎【2012四川卷】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.‎ A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found ‎【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.‎ A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound ‎【2012四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.‎ A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash高666考%%‎ ‎【2012四川卷】16. I make $‎2,000 a week, 60 surely won’t make ______ difference to me.‎ A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a ‎ ‎【2012陕西卷】15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .‎ ‎ A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand ‎【2012陕西卷】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.‎ A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故选D。‎ ‎【2012北京卷】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.‎ A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting ‎【2012北京卷】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.‎ A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use ‎【2012全国II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.‎ A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched ‎【2012全国II】10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.‎ A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped ‎【2012北京卷】32. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.‎ A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】不定式to stay作定语修饰前面的warning，表示目的。句意：鸟类的歌唱有时也是一种让其他鸟远离的警告。‎ ‎【2012天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.‎ ‎ A. left B. to leave ‎ C. leaving D. having left ‎【2012全国新课程】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.‎ A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to ‎【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .‎ A. permitting B. to permit ‎ C. permitted D. permit ‎【2012山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________. A. providing B. provided ‎ C. having provided D. provide ‎【2012山东卷】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling ‎ C. being told D. told ‎ ‎【2012福建卷】22. 一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?‎ ‎—$4,000, or like that.‎ A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing ‎【2012福建卷】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.‎ A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked ‎【2012福建卷】34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.‎ A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized ‎【2012浙江卷】11. "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.‎ A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved ‎【2012浙江卷】8.I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or_____ his job.‎ A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit ‎【2012浙江卷】3.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better________silent.‎ A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain ‎【2012江苏卷】31._________an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.‎ A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base ‎【2012安徽卷】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. ‎ A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked ‎【2012安徽卷】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. ‎ ‎ A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked ‎ ‎【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.‎ A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen ‎【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.‎ ‎ A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。‎ ‎【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.‎ ‎ A. says B. said C. to say D. saying ‎【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.‎ A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated ‎【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.‎ A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept ‎【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried ‎【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.‎ A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated ‎【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ‎ newly cleaned and polished.‎ ‎ A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking ‎【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. ‎ ‎ A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened ‎【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. ‎ ‎ A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。‎ ‎【2011山东卷,27】Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path up to the house.‎ A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead ‎【2011江苏卷,31】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.‎ A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。”句子的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式，所以选B。‎ ‎【2011福建卷,23】Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded ‎【2011福建卷,27】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .‎ A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold ‎【答案】D ‎【2011安徽卷, 30】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ‎ into small pieces.‎ A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break ‎【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.‎ A.having B had C. have D. to have ‎【2011浙江卷,14】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.‎ A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost ‎【2011浙江卷,19】If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ‎ by their enthusiastic supporters.‎ A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered ‎【2011四川卷,2】Ladex does’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old.‎ A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study ‎【2011四川卷,11】Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.‎ A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep ‎【2011四川卷,16】 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.‎ A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer ‎【2011重庆卷,29】More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ‎ people’s concern over food safety.‎ A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised ‎【2011重庆卷,33】Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ‎ of his own dreams.‎ A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind ‎【2011陕西卷,14】Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. ‎ A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked ‎【2011陕西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. ‎ A. making B. made C. to make D. having made ‎【2011湖南卷,21】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself ‎ A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“想法重要，提出想法的能力也同样重要。”express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式做定语，联系到短语be able to do sth，不难推断正确选项为C。‎ ‎【2011湖南卷,23】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .‎ A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected ‎【2011湖南卷,29】Do you wake up every morning energetic and ready to start a new day?‎ A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt ‎【2011辽宁卷,30】 around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.‎ A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering ‎【2011江西卷32】On receiving a phone call from his wife she had a fall, ‎ Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. ‎ A. says B.said C.saying D.to say ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gorden先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。‎ ‎【2011辽宁卷,23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.‎ A. what B. who C. how D. why ‎〖10福建〗Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.‎ A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent ‎〖10福建〗In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.‎ A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck ‎〖10上海〗Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.‎ ‎ A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused ‎〖10上海〗 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗考察现在分词作状语, 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语, 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。‎ ‎〖10上海〗Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. ‎ A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce ‎〖10安徽〗He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling ‎〖10湖南〗Listen! Do you hear someone for help?‎ A. calling B. call C. to call D. called ‎ ‎〖10湖南〗Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle ‎ ‎〖10湖南〗So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.‎ ‎ A. discovered B. to be discovered ‎ C. discovering D. having discovered ‎ ‎〖10江西〗The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.‎ A keep B kept C keeping D to keep ‎〖10江西〗There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.‎ A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered ‎〖10山东〗I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.‎ ‎ A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed ‎〖10天津〗It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.‎ A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause ‎〖10四川〗A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. ‎ A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning ‎〖10四川〗The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point. ‎ A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.‎ A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.‎ A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought ‎〖10江苏〗The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled ‎〖1010陕西〗_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . ‎ ‎ A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see ‎〖1010陕西〗His first book next month is based on a true story. ‎ ‎ A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published ‎〖10全国Ⅱ〗Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.‎ A. urprising B. as surprised C. urprised D being surprised ‎〖10湖北〗________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)‎ ‎〖10湖北〗After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.‎ A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found ‎〖10辽宁〗Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.‎ A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized ‎〖10北京〗 at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.‎ A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked ‎〖10北京〗I’m calling to enquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily.‎ A. advertised B. to be advertised ‎ C. advertising D. having advertised ‎〖10重庆〗The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.‎ A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead ‎〖10重庆〗Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.‎ A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired ‎〖10浙江〗The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. ‎ A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing ‎〖09全国1〗Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______? A. taking    B. take    C. taken   D. to take 〖09全国1〗The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at   B. to look at  C. to looking at     D. look at ‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back. A. flooding     B. to flood   C. flood    D. flooded ‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗______, you need to give all you have and try your best. A  Being a winner  B To be a winner  C Be a winner   D Having been a winner 〖09安徽〗The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. ‎ A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced ‎〖09北京〗For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. ‎ A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow ‎〖09北京〗All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way. ‎ A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗他们都想争取用工作站的能量以一种更有效的方式来展示信息。用不定式表示目的。答案D。‎ ‎〖09北京〗 twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. ‎ A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten ‎ ‎〖09福建〗 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. ‎ A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded ‎〖09福建〗In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. ‎ A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked ‎ ‎〖09湖南〗When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. ‎ A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open ‎〖09湖南〗At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.‎ A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered ‎〖09湖南〗Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .‎ A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused ‎〖09湖南〗Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.‎ A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited ‎〖09湖南〗Every evening after dinner, if not        from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.      ‎ A. being tired  B. tiring   C. tired   D. to be tired 〖09江西〗_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players m ay one day grew the international stars. ‎ A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given ‎ ‎〖09江西〗The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. ‎ A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced ‎ ‎〖09海南〗The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.‎ A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at ‎〖09海南〗Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?‎ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take ‎〖09山东〗We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. ‎ A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎〖解析〗我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的一个聚会。party与hold是被动关系；再根据时间状语（next Friday）判断, 用不定式表示还没发生。答案A。‎ ‎〖09陕西〗I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. ‎ A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken ‎ ‎〖09上海〗A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. ‎ A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill ‎ ‎〖09上海〗With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. ‎ ‎ A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected ‎ ‎〖09上海〗Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. ‎ ‎ A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词, 排除B、D；根据句意, 会议还未开, 因此排除A。答案C。‎ ‎〖09上海〗David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. ‎ ‎ A. to be reported B. reporting ‎ ‎ C. to report D. having reported ‎ ‎〖09四川〗Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat ‎〖09四川〗He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had ‎〖09四川〗________ many times, he finally understood it. ‎ ‎ A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told ‎ ‎〖09天津〗______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.‎ A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗为了按时完成此项目, 全体员工周末都在工作。表示目的要用不定式, 排除A、B；C表示已经完成, 与句意不符, 也排除。答案D。‎ ‎〖09天津〗_____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.‎ A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged ‎〖09浙江〗_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.‎ A. the; a B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired ‎〖09浙江〗There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.‎ A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating ‎〖09浙江〗Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _______reduce unemployment pressures. A. help              B. to have helped     C. to help    D. having helped 〖09重庆〗Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one. ‎ ‎ A. comparing    B. compares C. to compare   D. compared ‎ ‎〖09重庆〗With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.‎ ‎ A. deal         B. dealt C. to deal      D. dealing ‎ ‎〖09全国2〗They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. ‎ ‎ A. being run B. run C. to run D. running ‎ ‎〖09江苏〗Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. ‎ A. help              B. to have helped     C. to help    D. having helped ‎〖09江苏〗Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school,  the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.‎ A. Attend      B. To attend         C. Attending        D. Having attended ‎〖08全国Ⅰ〗I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .‎ A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed ‎〖08北京〗—Did the book give the information you needed? ‎—Yes.But it, I had to read the entire book. A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding ‎〖08北京〗I feel greatly honored into their society. A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗welcome与 “I” 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故welcome须用被动语态形式。该句语意相当于I feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society.。‎ ‎〖08北京〗It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and better ones of your own. A.introduces B.to introduce C.introducing D.introduced ‎〖08北京〗 that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen ‎〖08天津〗 their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being thrown ‎〖08江西〗I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention when we talked on the phone. A.to promote B.having been promoted C.having promoted D.to be promoted ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我听说他们提拔了汤姆, 但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及被提拔之事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语, 此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示, “被提拔” 的动作在mention前发生。‎ ‎〖08江西〗We finished the run in less than half the time . A.allowing B.to allow C.allowed D.allows ‎〖08湖南〗The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. A.being blown down B.blown down C.blowing down D.to blow down ‎〖08湖南〗 the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.‎ A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.To complete ‎〖08湖南〗Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. A.living B.to live C.to be living D.having lived ‎〖08陕西〗 around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.To show ‎〖08四川〗We had an anxious couple of weeks for the results of the experiment.‎ A.wait B.to be waiting C.waited D.waiting ‎〖08重庆〗 to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.‎ A.Fail B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed ‎〖08浙江〗 that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A.Not realized B.Not to realize ‎ C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized ‎〖08浙江〗It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. A.finding B.being found C.to find D.found ‎〖08福建〗 in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited ‎〖08福建〗—Can those at the back of the classroom hear me? ‎—No problem.‎ A.seat B.sit C.seated D.sat ‎〖08辽宁〗He was busy writing a story, only once in a while to smoke a cigarette.‎ A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped ‎〖08辽宁〗Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.‎ A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated ‎〖08江苏〗To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak ‎〖08山东〗Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made in the restaurant.A.working B.work C.to work D.worked ‎〖08安徽〗_______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.‎ ‎ A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked ‎〖08上海〗My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it. A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried ‎〖08上海〗If there is a lot of work ___, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. ‎ A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗A work 和 do 存在动宾关系 主语I和do存在主谓关系, 此时可以用to do做后置定语, 但是事实上这是个被动。‎ ‎〖08上海〗Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk ‎〖08上海〗Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located ‎〖08上海春〗As a new driver, I have to practise ________ the car in my small garage again and again. A. parking B. to park C. parked D. park ‎〖07全国I〗—It’s a long time since I saw my sister. ‎ ‎—_______________ her this weekend?‎ ‎ A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗Why not…意为“为什么不……呢?”用于提出建议。Why not后面必须接动词原形, 即Why not do….‎ ‎〖07全国I〗—The last one __________________ pays the meal. ‎ ‎—Agreed! ‎ ‎ A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ‎ ‎〖07全国I〗I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? ‎ ‎ A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt ‎〖07全国II〗At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. ‎ A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed ‎ C. being opened and closed D. to open and close ‎〖07上海〗After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ ‎ him. ‎ ‎ A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call ‎〖07上海〗There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. ‎ ‎ A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade ‎〖07上海〗The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.‎ ‎ A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed ‎〖07山东〗The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.‎ A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched ‎ ‎〖07山东〗Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. ‎ A. to seal B. to be seated C. seating D. seated ‎ ‎〖07安徽〗John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. ‎ ‎ A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished ‎〖07安徽〗—Robert is indeed a wise man.‎ ‎ —Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! ‎ A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking ‎〖07北京〗—Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?‎ ‎ —Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. ‎ A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing ‎〖07北京〗He is a student at Oxford University, __________ for a degree in computer science. ‎ A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying ‎〖07福建〗Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English __ in a short period. ‎ A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve ‎〖07福建〗—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.‎ ‎—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. ‎ A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled ‎〖07湖南〗As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. ‎ ‎ A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved ‎ ‎〖07湖南〗“Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. ‎ ‎ A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost ‎ ‎〖07江苏〗—Can I smoke here?‎ ‎ —Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. ‎ ‎ A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking ‎〖07江苏〗My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. ‎ ‎ A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good ‎〖07江苏〗He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. ‎ ‎ A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest ‎〖07江西〗When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight. ‎ ‎ A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained ‎〖07陕西〗_____ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than ‎ her. ‎ A.To have said B.Having said C.To say D.Saying ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。由句子结构分析, 此处应为现在分词短语作状语, 排除A、C两项；并且say动作发生在从句动作didn’t do之前, 故应用having done。‎ ‎〖07四川〗Peter received a letter just now _______ his grandma would come to see him soon.‎ ‎ A. said B. says C. saying D. to say ‎〖07四川〗The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. ‎ A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water ‎〖07天津〗The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. ‎ A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let ‎〖07浙江〗The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.‎ ‎ A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being ‎ heard ‎ ‎〖07浙江〗______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. ‎ ‎ A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使, 农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语, 其逻辑主语为farmers, 与drive之间存在被动关系, 故用被动形式。‎ ‎〖07重庆〗The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. ‎ A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished ‎〖07重庆〗Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A.is said to be buying B.is said to have bought C.had said to buy D.has said to have bought ‎〖07辽宁〗The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ ‎ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. ‎ A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break ‎〖07辽宁〗You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. ‎ A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗注意句型：have difficulty （in）doing sth 由于句子中in可以省略, 所以该题目虽然将宾语前置, 后面用了一个定语从句, 但是结构不变, 在某方面依然是in doing sth只是in被省略。补全：You can't imagine what difficulty which we had （in）walking home in the snowstorm.‎ ‎〖07上海春〗All the staff in our company are considering______ to the city centre for the fashion show.‎ A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone ‎〖07上海春〗_____the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.‎ A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured. D. To have ensured ‎〖07上海春〗She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.‎ A. display B. to display Cdisplaying D. displayed ‎〖06北京〗There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. ‎ A.add B.to add C.adding D.added ‎〖06北京〗I can’t stand with Jane in the same office.She just refuses talking while she works. A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping ‎ C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop ‎〖06江苏〗Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______the same thing.    A. saying  B. said  C. to say  D. having said ‎ ‎〖06江苏〗--- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.    --- My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.    A. to be  B. to have been  C. being  D. having been 〖06安徽〗My cousin came to see me from the country,  ______me a full basket of fresh fruits. ‎ A. brought               B. bringing C. to bring                  D. had brought ‎〖06安徽〗Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____  . A. blamed        B. blaming     C. to blame  D. to be blamed ‎ ‎〖06湖南〗The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert. ‎ A. covering    B. covered            C. cover              D. to cover 〖06湖南〗If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again. A. gets     B. got             C. to get        D. getting 〖06湖南〗As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____. A. to use     B. to be used          C. to have used        D. to be using 〖06天津〗Don’t respond to any e-mails ______ personal information, no matter how official they look.‎ ‎ A. searching      B. asking         C. requesting         D. questioning ‎ ‎〖06天津〗A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .‎ A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying ‎ C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied ‎〖06辽宁〗I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most  _____were from Germany. A.study; of whom           B.study; of them ‎ C.studying; of them         D.studying; of  whom 〖06四川〗The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______    in Beijing in 2008.     A.hold  B.holding  C.held  D.to be held 〖06四川〗_____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. ‎ ‎    A.Faced  B.Face  C.Facing  D.To face 〖06福建〗_______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming          B. Blamed                  C. To blame         D. To be blamed 〖06陕西〗It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration. ‎ A. to accept    B. accept    C. accepting    D. accepted ‎ ‎〖06陕西〗Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______. A. an extra job has been given to John   B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken    D. John has taken an extra job ‎ ‎〖06陕西〗He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has be en sold out.  A. to be told    B. to tell    C. told     D. telling 〖06浙江〗When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.   A. compared  B. being compared  C. comparing  D. having compared 〖06湖北〗AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.    A. that it is         B. to be       C. that it has been   D. to have been 〖06湖北〗Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.    A. do  B. to do  C. doing  D. and doing ‎ ‎〖06山东〗Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing   B. have got lost   C. be missing   D. get lost 〖06山东〗Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.‎ A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given ‎〖06江西〗After he became conscious, he remembered and on the head with a rod.‎ A.to attack;hit B.to be attacked;to be hit C.attacking;be hit D.having been attacked;hit ‎〖06江西〗It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness . A.to make B.to be made C.making D.being made ‎〖06广东〗_______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.      A. Having made       B. Make      C. To make     D. Making 〖06广东〗No matter how frequently ________ , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the  world.     A. performed   B. performing      C. to be performed     D. being performed 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次”。‎ ‎〖05北京〗It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help.    A. To have had   B. Having had    C. Have    D. Having 〖05北京〗When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the ‎ party, but not __________.    A. to arrive, leaving  B. to arrive, to leave  C. arriving, leaving  D. arriving, to leave 〖05北京〗The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _____ vacation to China.    A. paying    B. paid     C. to be paid   D. being paid 〖05北京〗I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.    A. going on   B. goes on    C. went on   D. to go on 〖05山东〗Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.  A. have reached  B. reaching   C. to reach  D. to be reaching ‎ ‎〖05广东〗He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting    B. noted      C. to note        D. having noted 〖05广东〗He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.   A. to find       B. finding     C. found     D. to have found 〖05湖北〗The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.  A. to spend  B. spent  C. being spent   D. spending ‎ ‎〖05湖北〗______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.  A. Being separated   B. Having separated   C. Having been separated  D. To be separated 〖05湖南〗_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed      B. To dress       C. Dressing    D. Having dressed 〖05湖南〗I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. A. follows   B. followed     C. to follow    D. being followed 〖05江苏〗---- Is Bob still performing? ---- I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official A. to have left        B. to leave       C. to have been left        D. to be left ‎ ‎〖05江苏〗________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost       B. Lost               C. Being lost           D. Losing ‎ ‎〖05江西〗________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.  A. Having given up hope of cure    B. With no hope for cure  C. There being hope for cure    D. In the hope of cure 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗逗号前的内容作状语, 该部分是由介词with构成的短语及现在分词短语suffering from the terrible disease构成的, 介词with有两个宾语, 分别是 no hope for cure和 no way to reduce her pain。句意是：这位病人由于没有治愈的希望和减轻其痛苦的方法, 她饱受疾病煎熬, 于是请求大夫结束她的生命。‎ ‎〖05江西〗I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better.  A. liking  B. to be like  C. to like  D. to be liking ‎ ‎〖05江西〗The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has made  B. having made    C. made     D. making 〖05全国II〗While watching television, __________.   A. the doorbell rang                B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring       D. we heard the doorbell rings ‎〖05全国II〗_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. ‎ A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally ‎〖05全国Ⅲ〗“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away. A. run   B. running    C. to run    D. ran‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗running away在此作shouted的伴随状语, 由Janet发出这一动作, 故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎〖05全国I〗The storm left ,  _____a lot of damage to this area ‎ . A. caused   B. to have caused   C. to cause   D. having caused 〖05上海〗He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. A. to lose    B. losing      C. to be lost     D. being lost 〖05上海〗______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put   B. Putting   C. Having put   D. Being put 〖05上海〗It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. A. had     B. having  C. to have  D. have 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意为：“……为了看一看体育明星” , 可知, 此处用动词不定式来表示目的, 故选C。‎ ‎〖05上海〗More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking    B. taken   C. having taken    D. having been taken 〖05浙江〗_________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. A. To find out  B. Finding out   C. Find out    D. Having found out ‎ ‎〖05重庆〗Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun. A. had     B. have     C. to have          D. having 〖05重庆〗—What should I do with this passage? 　　—_____ the main idea of each paragraph. ‎ A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out ‎ ‎〖05天津〗You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it_______ often enough. A. explaining    B. to explain        C. explain       D. explained 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗have +宾语+ done的结构, explain和it构成被动关系。explained作宾语补足语。‎ ‎〖05天津〗I don’t want _______like I’ m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager’ s plan is unfair. A. to sound      B. to be sounded   C. sounding       D. to have sounded 〖05安徽〗I really can’t understand ______ her like that. A. you treat    B . you to treat    C. why treat   D. you treating 〖05辽宁〗All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.  A. in order to have received   B. in order to receive C. so as to be received       D. so as to be receiving ‎〖05福建〗When_______ help, one often says“Thank you. ” or “ It’ s kind of you. ” ‎ A．offering B．to offer C．to be offered D．offered 〖2004全国III〗Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.‎ A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed ‎〖2004全国II〗Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____ before the party.‎ A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change ‎ ‎〖2004全国II〗When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.‎ A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced ‎ ‎〖2004全国IV〗It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ____ at the meeting by my boss.‎ A. questioning B. having questioning C. questioned D. to be questioned ‎〖2004全国IV〗Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. ‎ A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear   ‎ ‎ C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗不定式作目的状语, make＋宾语＋过去分词作宾语补足语, 表被动。‎ ‎〖2004上海〗The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.‎ A.recorded B.recording C.to be recording D.having recorded ‎〖2004上海〗Having been attacked by terrorists, . A.the tall building collapsed B.doctors came to their rescue C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists ‎〖2004上海〗The discovery of new evidence led to _________.‎ A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief ‎ C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught ‎〖2004北京〗_____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.‎ A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎ ‎〖2004天津〗Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.‎ A. run B. running C. being run D. to run ‎ ‎〖2004上海〗The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.‎ A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused ‎ ‎〖2004 广东〗______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.‎ A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed ‎ ‎〖2004重庆〗Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _________.‎ A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ‎ ‎〖2004湖北〗____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.‎ ‎ A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查现在分词作时间状语的用法。实际上这是一个时间状语从句, 它的完全形式应为“when the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth”。而在when/if等引导的时间/条件状语从句中, 如主句与从句的主语一致, 从句的主语及其后的be动词均可省略, 故选D项。‎ ‎〖2004辽宁〗 by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted.‎ ‎〖2004辽宁〗I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September. ‎ A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard ‎ ‎〖2004江苏〗The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.‎ A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked ‎〖2004四川〗“We can’t go out in this weather, ” said Bob, out of the window. A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked ‎〖2004浙江〗Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_____as 3M. ‎ A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known ‎〖2004福建〗The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.‎ A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told ‎〖2004上海春〗After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, .‎ A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted ‎〖2004上海春〗I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ______ ? ‎ A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought ‎〖03 NMET〗A cook will be immediately fired if he was found ____ in kitchen.‎ ‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗find后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据immdiately可判断出,‎ ‎ 厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除。‎ ‎〖03北京〗My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.‎ A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take ‎ ‎〖03北京〗The teacher asked us ______so much noise. ‎ A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make ‎〖03北京〗____ time,he’ll make a first-class tennis player. ‎ A .Having given B.To give C. Giving D. Given ‎〖03北京〗Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech,started to read a novel. ‎ A.tired,boring B.tiring,bored C.tired,bored D.tiring,boring ‎〖03上海〗Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.‎ A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗when+非谓语作状语。本句话的主语the drug与take直接是动宾关系, 故应选B.完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同, 因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when ‎〖03上海〗An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warning before firing any shot.‎ A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued ‎〖03上海春〗_____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.‎ A.The president will attend B. The president to attend C.The president attended D.The president’s attending ‎〖03年京皖春〗The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____whether he was going in the right direction.‎ A seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see