英语高考考纲词汇详解 20页

‎2010英语高考考纲词汇详解 ‎1. accurate　a. 正确无误的，精确的 　　‎ ‎　Is your watch accurate or not? 你的手表准不准？ 　　‎ ‎　I have to hand in an accurate report of what happened early tomorrow morning. 　　‎ 明天一早我就要交上一份关于发生的一切的准确报告。 　　‎ ‎2. adapt　v. 修改，改编, 使适合 　　‎ ‎　Her husband adapted an old tractor motor to his boat. 　　‎ 她丈夫把一台旧拖拉机的马达装到小船上了。 　　‎ ‎　This novel has been adapted for TV from Korean.这本小说已经由韩语改编为电视节目。 　　‎ ‎3. adult　n. 成年人 　　‎ ‎　This is a game designed for adults only.这是个只为成年人设计的游戏。 　　‎ ‎　She can't wait to become an adult.她急于长大成人。 　　‎ ‎4. advantage　n. ①优点 ②好处 　　‎ ‎①Will you make lists of the advantages and the disadvantages? 　　‎ ‎　你能列表分别说明这些优点和缺点吗？ 　　‎ ‎　What are the advantages of the electric light? 电灯的优点有哪些？ 　　‎ ‎　②It would be to your advantage to get experience in working abroad. 　　‎ ‎　你要是有去国外工作的经历将使你受益非浅。 　　‎ Your good knowledge of English gave you advantage over the others. 　　‎ ‎　你的英文好使你有了其他人没有的长处。 　　‎ ‎5. agent　n. 代理人，经纪人 　　‎ ‎　You'd better not believe that insurance agent.你最好别相信那个保险经纪人的话。 　　‎ ‎　You can ask our agents in the 　Middle East　 for further information. 　　‎ ‎　要了解更多详情你可以联系我们在中东的代理人。 　　‎ ‎6. aid　n. ①援助 ②救护 ③辅助器具 　　‎ ‎①The villagers have lived on government aid for years.村民们已经靠政府救助好几年了。 　　‎ ‎　Nobody came to her aid when she was in trouble.她身陷困境但无人施援。 　　‎ ‎②First aid, if given in time, can save a person's life. 　　‎ 急救，如果实施及时是可以挽救人的生命的。 　　‎ ‎　The students have been taught to know first aid.学生们被教会了急救。 　　‎ ‎③The girl needs a hearing-aid.女孩需要一副助听器。 　　‎ ‎　The patients have to breathe with the aid of oxygen masks.病人们必须借助氧气面罩呼吸。 　　‎ ‎　 v. 援助, 帮助 　　‎ ‎　Our professor encouraged and aided us in our scientific research work. 　　‎ 我们教授鼓励和帮助我们进行科学研究。 　　‎ Aided by a passer-by, she managed to walk to the police station. 　　‎ 在一位过路人的帮助下，她来到了警察局。 　　‎ ‎7. apply　v. 申请 　　‎ ‎　I suggest you apply immediately in person.我建议你马上亲自前去申请。 　　‎ ‎　Anybody can apply for Internet services through the telephone office. 　　‎ ‎　任何人都可以通过电话局申请互联网服务。 　　‎ ‎8. appointment　n. 约会 　　‎ ‎　What time is your doctor's appointment? 你与医生的预约定在几点？ 　　‎ ‎　Please remind me of the appointment with the project manager. 　　‎ ‎　请到时提醒我与项目经理的约见。 　　‎ ‎9. atmosphere　n. ①大气 ②气氛 　　‎ ‎① Something must be done to stop polluting the atmosphere of our earth. 　　‎ 必须采取行动来制止污染我们地球的大气层。 　　‎ The spaceship crashed when it went through the atmosphere. 　　‎ 宇宙飞船在穿越大气层的时候坠毁了。 　　‎ ‎② The atmosphere in the meeting room changed as soon as she walked in. 　　‎ 她一走进去会议室的气氛就变了。 　　‎ The atmosphere over our dinner was warm and friendly.我们用餐时的气氛热情友好。 　　‎ ‎10. attach　v. 附上，使隶属 　　‎ ‎　The map is attached to the wall by a nail.地图被用钉子固定在墙上。 　　‎ ‎　Are you studying at a middle school attached to 　　Beijing　 　University　　? 　　‎ ‎　你是在北京大学的一所附属中学读书吗？ 　　‎ ‎11. audience　n. 观众， 听众 　　‎ ‎　Her speech drew a large audience.她的演讲吸引了很多听众。 　　‎ ‎　The singer called for a member of the audience to join him on stage. 　　‎ 歌手请一位观众上台跟他一起表演。 　　‎ ‎12. available　a. 可用的，可得到的　 　　‎ Sorry, madam, those boots are not available in your size. 　　‎ ‎　抱歉，夫人，但这里的靴子没有适合你穿的号码。 　　‎ ‎　Is the doctor available now? 现在医生有空吗？ 　　‎ ‎13. award　n. 奖品， 奖励 　　‎ ‎　The award went to an Indian director.一位印度导演夺得该项奖。 　　‎ ‎　She showed us the awards she had won for her scientific research work. 　　‎ 她给我们看了她因为她所做的科学研究工作而获得的奖项。 　　‎ ‎14. bar　n. ①条 ②（长方）块，棒，横木 　　‎ ‎　①Mother found a bar of soap in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房找到一条肥皂。 　　‎ Would you like a bar of chocolate? 你要吃块巧克力吗？ 　　‎ ‎②The criminal was placed behind prison bars.罪犯被关在监牢里。 　　‎ ‎　If the temperature of the metal bar is high, will the expansion be great? 　　‎ 若是金属条的温度很高，其膨胀会非常剧烈吗？ 　　‎ ‎15. benefit　n. 利益，好处　 　　‎ ‎　I've done it for her benefit.我那样做是为她好。 　　‎ ‎　The new change of the terms will be of great benefit to everyone. 　　‎ 这学期的新变化将对大家都有利。 　　‎ v. ①有益于 ②获益 　　‎ ‎①The library has benefited the whole town.图书馆对全镇上的人有益。 　　‎ ‎　Such foolish behavior will not benefit your case.这样愚蠢的举动对你的案子没有好处。 　　‎ ‎　②Who would be more likely to benefit from your death? 你要是死了谁将受益？ 　　‎ ‎　The young man hasn't benefited from the experience. 　　‎ 那个年轻人虽然有此经历但却没有长进。 　　‎ ‎16. blank　n. 空格，空白（处） 　　‎ ‎　Write your full name in the blank, please.请在空格处写上你的全名。 　　‎ ‎　Fill in the blanks with proper words.用合适的词汇填空。 　　‎ ‎　When I tried to remember her name, my mind was a complete blank. 　　‎ ‎　当我试图记起她的名字时，我的大脑一片空白。 　　‎ a. ①空的 ②茫然无表情的 　　‎ ‎①Please write your name and number in the blank space at the top of the paper. 　　‎ 请在试卷上部的空白处写下你的姓名和号码。 　　‎ ‎　May I have some blank pages? 可以给我些白纸吗？ 　　‎ ‎　② I mentioned your name, but the secretary looked blank. 　　‎ ‎　我提到了你的名字，但秘书似乎目无表情。 　　‎ ‎　We tried to explain again, but he just gave us a blank look. 　　‎ ‎　我们还要再作解释，但是他只是毫无表情地看了我一眼。 　　‎ ‎17. comment　n. 评论 　　‎ ‎　I asked him if he had any comments about the project.我问他对该项目有何评论。 　　‎ ‎　She refused to make a comment on the incident.她拒绝就那个事件发表看法。 　　‎ ‎18. conclusion　n. ①结论 ②结束 　　‎ ‎　①How could they draw different conclusions from the same facts？ 　　‎ ‎　他们怎么会从同样的事实得出不同的结论呢？ 　　‎ ‎　I've come to the conclusion that it was unwise to follow her advice. 　　‎ ‎　我已经得出结论，照她的建议做不是明智之举。 　　‎ ‎　②The conclusion of the movie was exciting.电影的结尾很扣人心弦。 　　‎ ‎　The debate didn't come to a conclusion until midnight.直到半夜辩论才结束。 　　‎ ‎19. confuse　v. 混淆，使弄错，使迷惑 　　‎ ‎　I was confused by all the noise.那些噪音把我搞得晕头晕脑的。 　　‎ ‎　Don't confuse Australia with Austria.别把澳大利亚跟奥地利混了。 　　‎ ‎　The sisters look so alike that almost everybody confuses them. 　　‎ ‎　那两姊妹长得非常相象因此几乎每个人都会把她们搞混。 　　‎ ‎20. crime　n.（法律上的）罪，犯罪 　　‎ ‎　Anyone who does a crime must expect to be punished.任何人只要犯罪就只有等待惩罚。 　　‎ It's the job of our police to prevent crime.我们的警察的职责就是阻止犯罪。 　　‎ ‎21. diagram　n. 图表，图样 　　‎ ‎　Diagrams are often used in his essays.他的论文中经常用到图表。 　　‎ ‎　What can we infer from the above diagram? 我们能从上面的图表中推断出什么来呢？ 　　‎ ‎22. dial　vt.拨（电话号码） 　　‎ ‎　Is it you who dialed the office number? 是你拨打办公室的电话了吗？ 　　‎ ‎　Sorry, but you dialed the wrong number.抱歉，你拨错号码了。 　　‎ ‎23. doll　n. 玩偶，玩具娃娃 　　‎ ‎　Our daughter is playing with her baby doll on the living-room floor. 　　‎ ‎　我们女儿在卧室的地板上玩布娃娃。 　　‎ ‎　How dirty you've got your doll! 你看你把你的玩具娃娃弄得多脏了！ 　　‎ ‎24. emergency　n. 紧急情况或状态 　　‎ ‎　Press the button in an emergency.紧急情况就按这个按钮。 　　‎ ‎　Everyone managed to leave the cinema by the emergency exit. 　　‎ 每个人都从紧急出口撤出了电影院。 　　‎ ‎25. environment　n. 环境 　　‎ ‎　Now everybody has come to realize the importance of protecting the environment. 　　‎ 现在每个人都认识到了保护环境的重要性了。 　　‎ ‎　Good parents should provide a loving environment for their children. 　　‎ ‎　好的父母应该为孩子提供一个爱意融融的环境。 　　‎ ‎26. evidence　n. 证明 　　‎ ‎　Have you had evidence that the killer was a woman? 你有证据表明凶手是女的吗？ 　　‎ ‎　He couldn't show us any evidence for his statement. 他不能提供支持他的说法的任何证明。 　　‎ ‎27. exchange　n. ①交换，掉换 ②交流 　　‎ ‎　①She gave me a smile in exchange for my help.我帮了她一忙博得了她的莞尔一笑。 　　‎ ‎　I'd like to take this green pen for an exchange.我愿意换成这支绿钢笔。 　　‎ ‎　②There was a frank exchange of opinions between both sides.双方坦诚地交换了意见。 　　‎ ‎　Carl is an exchange teacher.卡尔是位出国交流的老师。 　　‎ ‎28. guilty　a. ①有罪的，犯罪的 ②自觉有罪的 　　‎ ‎①He is a guilty man.他是个有罪的人。 　　‎ The man was declared guilty.那人被判有罪。 　　‎ ‎②I feel guilty about having to tell a lie.我为说了谎而感到内疚。 　　‎ I feel guilty about not having written to you sooner.我因为没有尽快给您写信感到愧疚。 　　‎ ‎29. hamburger　n. 汉堡包 　　‎ Children like hamburgers.孩子们喜欢吃汉堡包。 　　‎ Hamburger is a pop fast food in America.汉堡包是美国的一种快餐食品。 　　‎ ‎30. harm　n. 伤害, 损害 　　‎ ‎　She means no harm to you by telling you the truth.她只是告诉你实话，并无恶意。 　　‎ ‎　Smoking does great harm to your health.吸烟对人身体极其有害。 　　‎ v. 伤害, 损害 　　‎ ‎　There was a fire in their street last night but most of the houses weren't harmed at all. 　　‎ 昨天晚上他们住的街上失火了，但大多数房子未受损害。 　　‎ ‎　The old Buddhist wouldn't harm a fly.那个老佛教徒不愿意伤害一只苍蝇。 　　‎ ‎31. illegal　a. 违法的，非法的 　　‎ ‎　It's illegal to park your jeep here.你把吉普车停在这里是违法的。 　　‎ ‎　They were regarded as illegal immigrants and then sent back. 　　‎ ‎　他们被认定是非法移民而遣返回来了。 　　‎ ‎32. influence　n.　影响 　　‎ The heroic deed has a great influence on the little boy. 　　‎ 这个英雄事迹对这个小男孩的影响很大。 　　‎ She has a strange influence over the prisoner.她对那名囚犯有种奇妙的影响。 　　‎ ‎　 v.　影响 　　‎ Don't let me influence your own decision.别让我影响你自己的决定。 　　‎ ‎　The parents will influence the children a lot.父母会极大地影响孩子。 　　‎ ‎33. inform　vt.　告诉, 通知 　　‎ The headmaster informed the students that they could have two-day off at the weekend. 　　‎ 校长通知学生这个周末放假两天。 　　‎ ‎　We will inform you if we get something further.我们有了进一步的消息会通知你的。 　　‎ ‎34. intelligence　n. 聪明才智，理解力 　　‎ ‎　He was eager to know the result of the intelligence test.他急于知道智力测验的结果。 　　‎ ‎　Use your intelligence in your work.干活时要多动脑子。 　　‎ ‎35. jazz　n.　爵士音乐，爵士舞曲 　　‎ Which one do you prefer，traditional jazz or modern jazz? 　　‎ ‎　传统爵士乐和现代爵士乐你更喜欢哪个？ 　　‎ Jazz has a long history in America.爵士乐在美国有很久远的历史了。 　　‎ ‎36. link　v.　连接, 联系 　　‎ All the towns in this area are linked together by the new road.　 　　‎ 这条新修的马路把这个地区的所有的城镇都连接起来了。 　　‎ The two twins walked with the arms linked together.这对双胞胎相互挽着手臂走。 　　‎ ‎37. liquid　n.　液体 　　‎ ‎　If you add too much liquid the mixture will not be thick enough. 　　‎ ‎　要是你加入太多液体混合液的浓度就不够。 　　‎ Water is a liquid.水是一种液体。 　　‎ ‎　 a. 液体的 　　‎ Liquid gold can be made into different shapes.液态金可制成不同的形状。 　　‎ The boy had been operated on and had to take only liquid food. 　　‎ 男孩做了手术只能吃流质食物。 　　‎ ‎38. moral　a. 道德的 　　‎ ‎　He refused to join the army on moral grounds because he thought it was wrong to kill people. 　　‎ 他以道德为依据拒绝参军，因为他认为杀人是不对的。 　　‎ What right do you have to make moral judgments about me? 　　‎ 你有什么权力对我作道德上的评价？ 　　‎ n. 寓意，道德启示 　　‎ The moral of the short story is that crime doesn't pay.那个短篇故事的寓意是犯罪得不偿失。 　　‎ I think the moral of this text is ‘Better late than never'. 　　‎ 我认为课文给我们的启示是迟做总比不做好。 　　‎ ‎39. mourn　vt. 哀痛，哀悼 　　‎ ‎　The young mother was mourning her baby's death.年轻的母亲在为孩子的死而伤心。 　　‎ ‎　We have no need to mourn the passing of the steam train. 　　‎ 我们没有必要为蒸汽火车的停止使用感到惋惜。 　　‎ ‎40. original　a. ①原先的，最初的　②独特的， 新颖的　③原版的，非抄袭的 　　‎ ‎① The house ought to be returned to its original owner.房子应该物归原主。 　　‎ It's amazing that you still have the original wood floor. 　　‎ 你还保留着原来的木地板真令人吃惊。 　　‎ ‎② Who thought of the original idea? 是谁想出这个独出心裁的主意的？ 　　‎ What an original T-shirt you are wearing today! Where did you get it? 　　‎ 你今天穿的T恤衫真是与众不同。哪里买的？ 　　‎ ‎③ He has a good collection of original paintings of Picasso. 　　‎ 他收藏了好多张毕加索的原创画作。 　　‎ I don't think the drawing is original.我看这幅画不是原件。 　　‎ ‎　　n. 原作，原件 　　‎ ‎　 Will you give me back the original and keep a copy only? 　　‎ 你把原件还我只保留一张复印件好吗？ 　　‎ ‎　 I have read some English novels in the original.我读过几本原版英文小说。 　　‎ ‎41. outer　a. 外部的，外面的 　　‎ They painted the outer wall of that castle green.他们把城堡的外墙漆成绿色。 　　‎ The outer space is still an unknown world to us.外太空对我们来说还是个未知的世界。 　　‎ ‎42. phrase　n. 短语, 习惯用语 　　‎ ‎　Today's homework is to remember the phrases we learned today. 　　‎ 今天的作业就是把今天所学的短语记住。 　　‎ ‎　Did you notice that some of the English phrases were hard to translate into Chinese? 　　‎ 你注意到一些英语短语是很难翻译成汉语的了吗？ 　　‎ ‎43. primary　a. 初等的, 初级的 　　‎ ‎　Her first job was working as a teacher in a primary school.她的第一份工作是在小学任教。 　　‎ ‎　As far as I can see, the disease is still in its primary stage.我看这病尚处于初期阶段。 　　‎ ‎44. province　n. 省 　　‎ ‎　How many provinces are there in your country? 你们国家有几个省？ 　　‎ ‎　My husband and I are from the same province.我丈夫和我是同一个省的人。 　　‎ ‎45. remark　n. 陈述, 话, 议论 　　‎ ‎　Such were his remarks at the get-together.这就是他在聚会上说的话。 　　‎ ‎　Can you make a few remarks on this subject? 对这一话题您作何评论？ 　　‎ ‎46. rocket　n. 火箭 　　‎ ‎　It's believed that we Chinese invented the rocket.人们相信是我们中国人发明了火箭。 　　‎ ‎　A new type of rocket shot into the air with the spacecraft in which he traveled. 　　‎ 一种新型的火箭跟他所乘的飞船一起升入空中。 　　‎ ‎47. salad　n. 色拉（西餐中的一种凉拌菜） 　　‎ ‎　Mother is preparing a salad.妈妈在做色拉。 　　‎ ‎　The fruit salad is the first dish at the dinner.水果色拉是大餐的第一道菜。 　　‎ ‎48. scare　v. 使害怕，使吃惊 　　‎ ‎　The terrible noise scared me.可怕的声音吓坏了我。 　　‎ ‎　They lighted a fire to scare off the wolves.他们点了一堆火来吓跑狼群。 　　‎ ‎49. section　n. ①段 ②部分 ③部门 　　‎ ‎　①Is there a section on accident at work in your report? 　　‎ ‎　你的报告里有讲工作中的意外事故的段落吗？ 　　‎ ‎　I'm going through the sports section.我在看报纸的体育版。 　　‎ ‎　②Yellow lines divide the field into sections.几道黄线把场地分隔成几部分。 　　‎ ‎　The bridge was made in sections and fitted together. 　　‎ 这座桥梁是先做成几部分然后组装起来的。 　　‎ ‎　③Her father used to work at the information section.她爸爸过去在情报部门干。 　　‎ ‎　He was appointed to work in the accounting section.他被分派到会计室上班。 　　‎ ‎50. sex　n. 性，性别 　　‎ ‎　Everybody is welcome, regardless of age or sex.欢迎大家，无论男女老少都欢迎。 　　‎ ‎　Junior students become more curious about sex.初中学生对性更加好奇。 　　‎ ‎51. sincerely　ad. 真诚地 　　‎ ‎　I think you're outstanding and I mean that most sincerely. 　　‎ ‎　我认为你很突出而且我说这话也是实心实意的。 　　‎ ‎　He signed his name with "Yours sincerely" at the bottom of the letter. 　　‎ ‎　他在信的底端写下了"你的诚挚的"并签了名字。 　　‎ ‎52. stream　n. 小河, 溪流 　　‎ ‎　It's better to walk along the small stream running through the woods. 　　‎ ‎　最好还是沿着这条流过树林的小溪走。 　　‎ ‎　We often go boating down the stream.我们经常划船顺着那条小河而下。 　　‎ ‎53. survive　v. 幸免于难 　　‎ ‎　Fortunately she survived the terrible accident.幸运的是她在那次严重事故中幸免于难。 　　‎ ‎　Both parents were killed in the fire, but the child survived. 　　‎ 父母都被火烧死了而孩子幸免于难。 　　‎ ‎54. temple　n. 庙宇，寺院 　　‎ ‎　Did you go to visit the Buddhist temple? 你去参观那座佛寺了吗？ 　　‎ ‎　The old temple dates from the Tang Dynasty.那座古庙的历史可以追溯到唐朝。 　　‎ ‎55. tennis　n. 网球 　　‎ ‎　Would you like to play tennis with me this weekend? 周末愿意去跟我打网球吗？ 　　‎ ‎　My parents bought me a new tennis racket on my birthday. 　　‎ ‎　我生日那天我爸妈给我买了只新网球拍。 　　‎ ‎56. topic　n. 题目，话题 　　‎ ‎　Is it a suitable topic for a school debate? 用这来做学校辩论赛的题目是否合适？ 　　‎ ‎　The topic of our conversation today is not my favorite.我们今天所谈的话题不是我最喜欢的。 　　‎ ‎57. tradition　n. 传统，习惯 　　‎ ‎　People play practical jokes on April Fools' Day by tradition. 　　‎ ‎　人们习惯在愚人节开一些无伤大雅的玩笑。 　　‎ ‎　Is it a tradition that women get married in red in your country? 　　‎ ‎　你们国家有妇女结婚时穿红衣服的传统吗？ 　　‎ ‎58. whistle　n. 口哨，口哨声 　　‎ ‎　The dog rushed out at his whistle.一听到他的口哨声小狗就冲出去了。 　　‎ ‎　He gave a soft whistle of astonishment.他吃惊地轻轻吹了声口哨　　‎