2014年版高考英语虚拟语气语法考点练习题目 6页

虚拟语气考点 ‎◆典型陷阱题分析◆‎ ‎1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. ‎ A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing ‎ ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。‎ ‎2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”‎ A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。‎ ‎3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”‎ A. do B. are C. will D. would ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：‎ ‎(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：‎ He likes to watch TV, and so do I.‎ 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。‎ When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。‎ ‎(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。‎ ‎4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”‎ A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。‎ ‎【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：‎ I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。‎ I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。‎ I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。‎ 请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：‎ ‎(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”‎ A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”‎ A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”‎ A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.‎ A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was; should be operated ‎ D. was; be operated on ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：‎ ‎(1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.‎ A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent ‎(2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.‎ A. should do, should be B. had done, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been ‎(3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.‎ A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel ‎6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. ‎ A. Was he given up B. Had he given up ‎ C. Did he give D. If he gave up ‎【陷阱】容易误选 D。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：‎ Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。‎ Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。‎ ‎◆精编陷阱题训练◆‎ ‎1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”‎ A. do B. did ‎ C. had D. would ‎2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.‎ A. don’t know B. hadn’t known C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know ‎3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”‎ A. don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t ‎4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow. ‎ A. can’t get B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get ‎5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”‎ A. knew, live B. knew, lives C. know, lives D. know, lived ‎ ‎6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”‎ A. begin B. have begun C. began D. had begun ‎7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. ‎ A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall ‎8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.‎ A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored ‎9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. ‎ A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie ‎10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live. ‎ A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly ‎11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later. ‎ A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said ‎12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.‎ A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got ‎13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.‎ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken ‎14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.‎ A. would have passed B. would pass C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. 选B。It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。‎ ‎2. 选A。虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。‎ ‎3. 选B。I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。‎ ‎4. 选A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。‎ ‎5. 选B。第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法)；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。‎ ‎6. 选C。It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。‎ ‎7. 选 B。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。‎ ‎8. 选 D。这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D。‎ ‎9. 选 C。if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C。‎ ‎10. 选 A。without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。‎ ‎11. 选 D。otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。‎ ‎12. 选 D。根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句谓语用 would / should / could / might have+过去分词。‎ ‎13. 选 C。as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth。又如下面一题要选 C：‎ It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.‎ A. circles B. is circling C. were circling D. has been circling ‎14. 选C。but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C。‎