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【口袋书】2021 年高考英语必背手册
专题三 代词
一、 代词的分类微专题核心考点
用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分
为九类
人称代词
主格 I we you you he,;she; it they
宾格 me us you you him;her;it them
物主代词
形 容
词性
my our your your his;her;its their
名 词
性
mine ours yours yours his;hers;its theirs
反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself;herself;
itself
themselves
指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, so
不定代词 one, some, any, each, none, all, both, neither, either, other, another, no, many,
much, (a) few,(a) little, something, anything, nothing, everything
相互代词 each other, one another
疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what ,whoever, whichever, whatever
连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what,whoever, whichever, whatever
关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
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二、常考代词的用法微专题核心考点
1.each,every,both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法
指代范围 代词 用 法
两者或两者以上 each 指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”,可与 of 短语搭配;
三者或三者以上 every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”,在句中只作定语,
不可与 of 短语搭配
两 者
both 意为“两者都”,是对两者的肯定
either 意为“(两者中)任一个”,表示二选一
neither 意为“都不”,是对两者的否定
三者或三者以上
all 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)所有,全部”,指代或修饰
可数名词复数或不可数名词
any 意为“任何一个”,指代或修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词
none 意为“全无,没有一点”,指代可数名词复数或不可数名词
指人或物,表特指,表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个,没
有一点”,可与 of 短语连用
回答 how many/how much 的提问
no one
/nobody
意为“没有人”,只指人
其后不接表示范围的 of...
回答 who 的提问
例句:
He is good at both English and French.
他擅长英语和法语。
You can take either of the pictures, whichever you like.
这两张照片你喜欢哪一张就拿哪一张。
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The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。
She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过,但是两地她都不喜欢,因此她搬到了剑桥。
She asked if we had any questions.
她问我们有没有问题。
You've had all the fun and I've had all the hard work.
所有的快乐都让你享受了,所有的辛苦都让我尝尽了。
Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.
尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪,但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
尼基总是会有很多想法,但是就我所知,没有一个想法是有用的。
2.other, another 的用法
两者都意为“另一个”。other 适用于两者的范围;another 适用于三者或三者以上的范围。
代词 用 法
other 与定冠词连用后独立使用
修饰可数名词单、复数,修饰可数名词复数时相当于 the others
another 独立使用或修饰可数名词单数
后接大于一的基数词或接 few 后再接可数名词复数
例句:
Before the game, both sides said they would beat the other.
比赛前,双方都说他们将击败对方。
We still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers.
我们还得再买五把椅子和一些鲜花。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。
3. everything, something, anything, nothing 的用法
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代词 用 法
something 意为“某事,某物”,用在肯定句中或表示建议、请求并希望得到肯定回答
的疑问句中
anything 意为“某事物”,在否定句或疑问句中
意为“任何事物”,用在肯定句中
everything 意为“每件事物,所有事物”,强调整体,用在否定句中,表示部分否定
nothing 指物,表泛指,表示“没有任何东西,没有事”,不与 of 短语连用
例句:
I have something important to tell him.
我有重要的事要告诉他。
He is always helping people without expecting anything in return.
他总是帮助别人而不求任何回报。
Do you have everything ready for the party, Mary?
玛丽,聚会的东西都准备好了吗?
This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.
这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则将一事无成。
4. it/they/them, that/those, one/ones 的用法
代词 用 法
it/they/them 指代上文提到的同一事物,复数用 they/them
that/those that 特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词,只指物,通常有范围限定
复数 those 相当于 the ones,只指可数名词复 数,可指人,也可指物
one/ones 泛指同类异物的可数名词单数用 one,复数用 ones
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例句:
There is a tall tree in front of the house and it is about 500 years old.
房子前面有一棵大树,它大约有 500 年的历史了。
I happened to have witnessed one this morning.
今天早上我碰巧看到了一个。
Your price is higher than that of other companies.
你方的价格比其它公司的价格要高。
Those organisms that are most suited to the environment will be those that will survive.
那些最适应环境的生物将是那些存活下来的。
5.few/a few,little/a little,many/much 的用法
代词 用 法
few/a few
few 表示“很少人/事物”;a few 表示“有些人/事物,一些”,修饰或指代复数
名词
little/a little
little 表示“不多的”;a little 表示“少量的,一些”,修饰或指代不可数名词
many/much
many 表示“许多”,修饰或指代可数名词复数;much 表示“许多”,修饰或
指代不可数名词
例句:
I try to visit my parents every few weeks .
我尽量每隔几个星期看望一次父母。
Although Holt admits a few have started to raise concerns because of all the opposition.
不过霍尔特也承认,由于反对声很大,一些人已经开始提出担忧。
I had little money and little free time.
我没什么钱,也很少有空闲时间。
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We should manage, with a little bit of luck.
我们只要有一点点运气就能应付过去。
Many people feel that the law should be changed.
许多人都觉得这项法律应该修改。
There was so much traffic that we were an hour late.
路上车辆那么多,我们迟到了一个小时。
6. it 的用法
it 用于指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说
话对象。还可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
1.替代词 (it, that, one)的用法区别
it
指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道
性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
that 替代上文出现的 “the+不可数名词或单数可数名词”,表特指,同类不同一。
其后常跟介词短语作后置定语,其复数形式为 those
one 替代上文出现的“a/an+单数可数名词”,表泛指同类事物中的一个,同类不同
一。其复数形式为 ones
例句:
Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.
张先生给了我一件很贵重的礼物,我从来没有见过。
The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xi’an.
广州的气候比西安的好得多。
We had just rented a car. It looked very old.
我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很古老。
2.用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句
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(1)it 作形式主语的常用句型:
①It+be+adj./n.+for/of sb.+to do
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
③It’s (well) worth doing...
④It+be+名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)+that 从句
⑤It+不及物动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...)+that 从句
⑥It+be+过去分词+that 从句
⑦It takes sb.time/money to do sth.
(2)it 作形式宾语的常用句型:
①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make...+it+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do/that 从句
②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no
use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy...+doing...
注:it 用于 like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate 等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及 depend
on/upon, see to 等动词短语后,再接 when, if, how,that 等引导的从句。
例句:
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得如此像以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。
The bridge links three areas, making it much more convenient to travel from one to another.
这座桥连接了三个地区,使得从一个地区到另一个地区更加方便。
How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into
the room and just shut it off without asking you?
如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,有人走进房间,没问你一声就把电视关了,你会怎
么想?
三、部分否定和全部否定微专题核心考点
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①no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any/either 以及“no+名词”表示全部否定;
②all, both, everyone/everybody/everything 以及“every+名词”与 not 连用时,表示部分否定;
③not 与总括性副词,如 everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时,也表示部分否定。
例句:
Time does not always heal old sores.
时间不总是能治愈老痛处。
Not both of his parents are at home.
他的父母并非都在家。
While I agree with the most of what you said, I don’t agree with everything.
尽管我同意你的大部分看法,但是并不同意所有的看法。
四、不定代词用于习惯搭配中
anything but 决不
nothing but 仅仅;只是
something of 有几分;略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)相互
one another (三者或三者以上)相互
one...another... (三者或三者以上)一个……另一个
one...the other... (两者中)一个……另一个……
some...others... 一些……另一些……
五、含有反身代词的习惯用语
abandon oneself to 沉迷于;放纵于
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apply oneself to 专心致志于
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
behave oneself 举止得体
by oneself 单独地;独自地
come to oneself 恢复知觉;苏醒过来
devote oneself to 致力于
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
express oneself 表达自己的思想
for oneself 亲自;为自己
help oneself to 随便吃;随便用
lose oneself in(=be lost in) 迷失于......
make oneself at home 不拘束
say to oneself 心里想
seat oneself 坐下
talk to oneself 自言自语
六、含有 it 的常考短语或句型
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
believe it or not 信不信由你
It depends. 视情况而定。
keep it in mind that... 把……铭记在心
make it 成功,做到,约定时间
owe it to sb.that... 把……归功于某人
Take it easy. 别着急。
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
When it comes to... 当涉及/谈到……
It’s (high) time that sb. should do/did sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了。
It’s the first/second/...time that sb. have/has done sth. 是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has been...since... 自从……多久了。
It will be/was...before... 要过……时间才……
It is/was+时间点+when... 当……时候,时间是……
强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...