江苏专版高考英语总复习微专题训练第27练科技类一 8页

‎ 第27练 科技类（一）‎ 单词识记：‎ accelerate　　accessible　 　mobile　 　modern automatic breakthrough spacecraft succeed brilliant click demand drawback electronic engine experiment function fundamental introduce support revolution 短语扫描：‎ make a breakthrough取得突破 have a good memory记忆力好 take/leave a message for sb.为某人传话/留言 get the message 领悟；理解；明白(别人的暗示)‎ with the development of 随着……的发展 change one’s life改变某人的生活 explore for探测 perform a function履行职责 carry out 实行；执行 compared to/with与……相比 ‎ [跟踪训练]‎ Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1．He is a great ________(succeed) as a writer，but a failure as a father.‎ ‎2．A small，________(brilliant) colored bird flashed into view.‎ ‎3．He found he could no longer cope with his ________(demand) job.‎ ‎4．My ________(实验) show that light or heat is attractive.‎ ‎5．We must make sure that public facilities in the newlybuilt buildings，like the restroom and the lift，are ________ (access) to disabled visitors.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎6．When first ________ to the mainland market，the fruits from Taiwan Island enjoyed a great success immediately.‎ A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced ‎7．The experiment that he ________ was ________.‎ A．did；successfully B．made；successfully C．carried out；a success D．set out；a success ‎8．Apparently，due to the new policy，________ years before，food waste has much decreased since last year.‎ A．to compare with B．comparing with C．being compared with D．compared with ‎9．They now have a good government，________ by all the people.‎ A．having supported B．supporting C．supported D．to be supported ‎10．—It’s a good idea.But who’s going to ________ the plan.‎ ‎—I think Tom and Greg will.‎ A．set aside B．carry out C．take in D．get through ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Scientists can figure out a movie’s emotional tone from the gasps of its audience.Sure，the sounds are a clue，but so are the chemicals that viewers breathe in each time they sigh and scream，a new study suggests.‎ ‎“You hear the music and see the pictures，but you don’t realize there’re chemical signals in the air，” says Jonathan Williams，who led the study and works at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz，Germany.‎ Williams started out measuring the air in a soccer stadium.He wanted to see if the fans’ exhaled(呼出的) breaths might affect levels of greenhouse gases in the air.Carbon dioxide, which people breathe out，is one example.And he found the answer was no at least on a small scale.But he noticed levels of carbon dioxide shifted wildly whenever the crowd cheered.That got him wondering：Could the gases people exhale be influenced by emotions?‎ So Williams went to the movies.He and his coworkers measured air samples collected over six weeks in two movie theaters.Overall,9,500 moviegoers watched 16 films including a mix of comedy，romance，action and horror films.Then they looked for hundreds of chemicals in the air that showed up as people were watching particular ‎ movie scenes.‎ Scenes that had people laughing or on_the_edge_of_their_seats were especially unique，the researchers reported.During screenings of The Hunger Games：Catching Fire，levels of carbon dioxide and isoprene(异戊二烯) were the highest at two terrifying moments.Because isoprene was involved in muscle movement，the researchers thought tense movie moments likely led to its highest level.Williams and his colleagues thought an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide was due to the viewers’ increased pulse and breathing rates.‎ Scientists need more data to make stronger links between human emotions and what’s in their breath.But Williams can see possible practical uses.Companies，for instance, could quickly measure the air during tests to see how people feel about new products.‎ ‎1．What did Jonathan Williams find in the study conducted in a soccer stadium?‎ A．Emotions affected the gases people breathe out.‎ B．Human cheers changed levels of carbon dioxide.‎ C．Human breaths affected levels of greenhouse gases.‎ D．The exhaled chemicals were linked to what were eaten.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part “on the edge of their seats” in Para.5 mean?‎ A．Nervous. B．Touched. ‎ C．Happy. D．Puzzled.‎ ‎3．What does Jonathan Williams think of his study in movie theaters?‎ A．Creative. B．Unsuccessful.‎ C．Systematic. D．Meaningful.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Watching Movies Is Good for Our Emotions B．The Useful Role of Chemical Signals in the Air C．Our Breaths Show Our Emotions at the Movies D．Reasons for Levels of Carbon Dioxide in Theaters B Scientists have known for decades that having measles(麻疹) suppresses kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months，leaving them illequipped to fight off pneumonia，bronchitis and other infections.‎ Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longerlasting sort of “immuneamnesia(免疫缺失)” that makes it harder for people ‎ to stave_off other illnesses for two years or more.‎ ‎“That reemphasizes the importance of vaccination(疫苗)，” said biologist Michael Mina，lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science.‎ ‎“There may be a longlasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles，” he said.“I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.”‎ The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the longlasting immune system effects.Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses，leaving them more likely to be infected.‎ To test if a similar thing may occur in humans，the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.‎ They turned to data from England and Wales—developed nations where disease levels are generally low，allowing a lessconfused view of measles’ effects.Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the UK in the 1960s，Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect，where deaths from a variety of nonmeasles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence.The more measles in a population，the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28month period that followed.‎ ‎“Really it didn’t matter what age group，what decade or what country，” said Mina.“They all showed consistent results...what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine，but it has forgotten what it previously learned.”‎ Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression.‎ Others thought the paper’s opinion of yearslong suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used.‎ To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw，Mina agreed，scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior.He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction：back into the laboratory.‎ ‎5．Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”？‎ A．Their research was based on the historical data.‎ B．Their research compared monkeys with humans.‎ C．They only paid attention to developed nations.‎ D．They discovered a sort of shadow effect.‎ ‎6．According to Mina，what is the significance of their research?‎ A．They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases.‎ B．They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach.‎ C．They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination.‎ D．They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations.‎ ‎7．The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．keep away B．survive from C．search for D．turn down ‎8．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?‎ A．Measles Has Been the Origin of Other Diseases and Deaths B．New Research Conducted into Measles Has Been Widely Questioned C．Study Points to Yearslong Immune System Misfortunes from Measles D．Damage Caused by Measles to the Immune System Could Last Several Weeks Ⅱ.佳作背诵(科普知识与现代技术)‎ 你的美国笔友Tom来信和你讨论个人信息保护问题，让你就如何保护个人信息给他一些建议。请你以李华的名义重点从以下两个方面谈谈自己的看法：‎ ‎1．给予足够重视；‎ ‎2．学会如何保护。‎ 注意：词数150左右。文章的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。‎ 参考范文 Dear_Tom，‎ We_are_living_in_the_Information_Age.The protection of personal information is becoming more and more important.Here I’d like to give you some advice on this.‎ First of all，you should pay enough attention to the protection of your personal information.Remember: once you’ve shared something，you will lose control of it and some people may share upsetting things about you without you knowing it.‎ Secondly，you must know how to protect your personal information.For example，never provide your personal information for any strangers or people you know online.If necessary，you’d better confirm it is for legal use before letting it out.If you ‎ receive an officiallooking email that asks you to send your financial details，you should never reply as you could become a victim of identity fraud.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 答案精析 第27练　科技类(一)‎ 高考高频单词与短语识记排查 跟踪训练 Ⅰ.1.success　2.brilliantly　3.demanding　4.experiments ‎5．accessible Ⅱ.6.B　[过去分词短语作状语，相当于When the fruits were first introduced to the mainland market。]‎ ‎7．C　[carry out the experiment完成(进行)试验；表语部分可用a success或successful。]‎ ‎8．D　[考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：很明显，因为新政策，跟数年前相比，食物浪费自去年开始有大幅的降低。句中将去年以来的食物浪费与前几年相比，主语为food waste，与compare构成被动关系，故选D。]‎ ‎9．C　[government与support之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。]‎ ‎10．B　[set aside留出，驳回；carry out执行，贯彻；take in接受，理解；get through通过，做完。由题意知是“执行计划”，故选B。]‎ 阅读能力与写作能力专练 Ⅰ.‎ 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，看电影时你的呼吸能显示你当时的情感状态。‎ ‎1．B　[细节理解题。由第三段的“...he noticed levels of carbon dioxide shifted wildly whenever the crowd cheered.”可知，Jonathan Williams在足球场的发现是：人的欢呼声能改变空气中二氧化碳的含量。]‎ ‎2．A　[词义猜测题。划线部分与之前的laughing构成对比，同时根据下文的terrifying moments和tense movie moments可推知，划线部分应该是“紧张的”(nervous)意思。]‎ ‎3．D　[推理判断题。由最后一段的“But Williams can see possible practical uses...”可推知，Williams认为他的研究是有意义的。]‎ ‎4．C　[标题归纳题。第一段为文章的主题段，由该段可知文章围绕“看电影时你的呼吸能说明你当时的情感”展开。故C项最符合。]‎ 语篇解读 本文是一篇科技类说明文。为了研究麻疹和患感染性疾病死亡之间的关联性,迈克尔·米纳和他的团队开展了一项基于历史数据的非传统的研究,此研究也引起科学界不同的看法。‎ ‎5．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第六段“To test if a similar thing may occur in ‎ humans，the group mined historical data to find out the relationship...”可知。]‎ ‎6．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“‘That reemphasizes the importance of vaccination(疫苗)，’ said biologist Michael Mina，...”和文章第四段第二句“I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.”可知。]‎ ‎7．A　[词义猜测题。根据本句提到的“...‘immuneamnesia(免疫缺失)’ that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses...”可知。]‎ ‎8．C　[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个研究团队开展麻疹病毒对人体免疫系统长期影响的研究，故选C项。]‎