非谓语动词在高考中的考点 7页

非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点 一．非谓语动词试题的做题步骤 1. 看有无连词或从句，判断是否应该用非谓语动词； ‎ ‎2. 二看与逻辑主语的主被动关系；‎ ‎3. 三看谓语动作与非谓语动作有无明显先后关系。‎ 否定式：在下列各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not ‎ 过去分词 done 被动完成 ‎ Ving doing 主动进行 being done 被动进行 ‎ ‎ having done主动完成 having been done被动完成 不定式 to do 主动未来 to be done被动未来 ‎ to have done 主动完成 to have been done被动完成 ‎ ‎ to be doing 主动进行 ‎ 过去分词 相当于adj、adv 做表语、宾补、定语、状语 Ving 相当于n、adj、adv 做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语 不定式 相当于n、adj、adv 做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语 1、 作主语、宾语只用不定式和ving ‎1）doing 表示经常性行为，表状态 ‎ to do 表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作，表目的 Watching TV is my hobby. (抽象、经常的动作)‎ To study abroad is my dream. (具体、要做的动作)‎ I like ______ ,but I don’t like______ today.(swim) ‎ ‎____________ (admit)to a key university is of great importance to us students.‎ ‎2)ving可作动词和介词的宾语enjoy, consider, escape, avoid，stop, risk，miss, imagine, delay, postpone,require, finish,advise,suggest, practise,excuse ,mind，resist,quit,keep等只用ving做宾语。‎ 动词不定式一般作动词的宾语，但疑问词＋to do可作介词的宾语；ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语 Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English ‎3）作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别很大，这样的动词有：‎ ‎ remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try, 等。‎ remember/ forget/ regret +doing 表已经发生的动作，‎ remember/ forget/ regret + to do 表动作还没有发生。‎ mean doing 意思是……；意味着……‎ mean to do 意欲，打算要做……‎ go on/stop to do 停下来要做……(另一件事)‎ go on/stop doing 停止正在做的动作(同一件事)‎ try doing 　试着做……‎ try to do sth. 尽力做……‎ can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 ‎ can’t help doing 情不自禁做 2. 做表语 1） 与做主语、宾语相同 Their job is building houses. (抽象、经常的动作)‎ Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具体、要做的动作)‎ 2) ving表示“令人…的”，过去分词表示“感到…”.常见的分词有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing...‎ The news is exciting.‎ I was deeply moved.‎ ‎“get/become+过去分词”结构常用于如下情况： ‎ ‎1）表示没有预料到的、突然发生的、或者不尽人意的动作，如此题。 ‎ ‎2）强调结果而非动作本身；而“be+过去分词”结构则主要强调动作本身。“get/become+过去分词”结构通常不说出行为的施动者；而“be+过去分词”结构则视情况而定。 ‎ If you are not careful enough，you may get cheated. ‎ She is often seen tidying up the classroom（by students）. ‎ ‎3）“get/become+过去分词”结构并非都构成被动语态，当过去分词起形容词作用时，就构成了系表结构。此结构后常伴有与动词固定搭配的介词短语。 ‎ Jack got annoyed（with me）. ‎ Kate got acquainted with Bob.‎ ‎—How are the team playing? ‎ ‎ —They ’re playing well, but one of them got ____ （hurt）. (NMET 2002 春季) ‎ ‎ Sarah，hurry up．I’m afraid you can’t have time to get ________ （change）before the party．(2004全国)  ‎ 3. 做定语 He is the first person to go to school.‎ I have something to do. (自己做)‎ I have something to be done. (别人做)‎ The question to be discussed tomorrow is important.‎ The sleeping boy is my brother.‎ The question being discussed now is important.‎ The interesting boy is my brother.‎ There is a swimming pool in the park.‎ The question discussed yesterday is important.‎ The boy interested in math is my brother.‎ 3. 做宾补 He told me to come .‎ I saw him come. We saw the policeman tie the thief.‎ We saw him coming. We saw the thief be tied. ‎ We saw him being scolded. We saw the thief being tied .‎ We saw him moved by the movie. We saw the thief tied.‎ We saw him tied to the tree.‎ 4. 做状语。逻辑主语一定是句子主语，不是的话要加上自己的主语，形成独立主格结构。‎ Ving、ved 伴随状语一般在句末；结果状语只在句末。 时间条件原因状语一般在句首。‎ to do 目的状语句首、句末。结果、方面、原因状语只在句末。‎ 二．非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：‎ 一)．使用非谓动词的语言结构。‎ ‎1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。‎ ‎1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.‎ ‎2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.（ study ）‎ ‎2）在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：‎ ‎ ______hard ， you will succeed in the exam. （ study ）‎ ‎3. _________（work ）with children, I know what is needed most.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3）在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：‎ ‎4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ （make）most of his students successful in study. ‎ ‎4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：‎ ‎5. With her baby _______(sleep) on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.‎ ‎5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。‎ ‎6. He made his sister ______(cry) by taking away her toy.‎ ‎7. His sister was made _______ (cry)by his taking away her toy.‎ ‎8. the policeman found the thief ______(put)his hand into an old man’s pocket and arrested him.‎ 二). 非谓语动词考点易错点：‎ ‎1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：如：determined; lost; buried; worried等 ‎9.__________ （tire） , he fell asleep quickly.‎ After his journey from abroad，Richard Johns returned home，________．（exhaust）‎ ‎10.The man won a big prize, __________(surprise)and happy.‎ ‎11. _______(lose) in thought of the problems, the man didn’t realize his girlfriend’s coming in.‎ ‎2) 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：‎ ‎12. __________ (dress)in a white skirt, the girl looks like an angel.‎ ‎13. _______ (seat)in an armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.‎ The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing．(seat)‎ ‎3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：‎ ‎14.________ (look)tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.‎ ‎15. With many problems ________ (remain)unsettled, the newly selected president will have a hard time. ‎ ‎16. Having some clothes __________(wash), I cannot join you to see the film.‎ ‎17. _________(write) smoothly, this kind of pen sells well in our school.‎ ‎4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：‎ 逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”‎ ‎18. _________(see) from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.‎ ‎19. Time _______(permit), I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. ‎ 三） 注意的几点：‎ 1） 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。‎ 20. ‎_________ (face)enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. ‎ ‎ 21. _________ (face)with difficulties, we should not give in.‎ ‎22. The president of South Africa flew to Libya, ______(aim) to help solve the crisis.‎ ‎23. The president of South Africa flew to Libya, ______ (aim)at helping solve the crisis.‎ ‎24. Though _______ money, his parents sent him to a key university.‎ ‎25. Though _______ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.‎ ‎26. Though in _____ of money, his parents sent him to a key university. (lack) ‎ ‎24题中非谓语动词lacking 25 be lacking in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking 为形容词；26题考查了固定搭配in lack of(“缺少”)，lack是名词，这其实是由though his parents were 省略了主语和were 2） 作结果状语时，doing与(only)to do的区别。‎ 表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的结果：‎ ‎27. His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_______(leave)him an orphan.‎ ‎ 28. I hurried to school, only _______(find) that it was Sunday. ‎ 3） 作主语时，非谓语动词之to do 与doing 的区别。‎ ‎29. _________(walk ) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. ‎ ‎｛不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句词表示一般的经常性的动作，多次散步才会有利于健康。｝‎ 4） 演变成了介词或连词的分词。‎ 英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看英美人士的习惯。‎ ‎30. ___________ (consider)her age，she did a good job．‎ 高中阶段我们还学过的有：‎ 介词 concerning regarding according to including owing to 关于 关于 根据；按照 包括 因为；由于 连词 given supposing seeing(that)‎ judging from/by providing/provided 鉴于 假如 因为；既然 从...判断 假如 5） 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是。‎ ‎31. ____________(study) the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more or less. ‎ 1） ‎“连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别。‎ ‎32. If _________ (give)another hour, I would have finished it better.‎ ‎33. Video games can be a poor influence if_________ (leave)in the wrong hands.‎ ‎34. The officer ,after __________ (recover）from the shock, began yelling at Sam.‎ ‎35. Before_________ (select）a proper person to be the new president, the old president wouldn’t resign.‎ 高考非谓语动词习题 1. ‎（2014安徽卷）While waiting for the opportunity to get  _______ （promote）   , Henry did his best to perform his duty. 2,（2014北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ ( watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 3The lecture, ____ (start )at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.  4（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems ______ (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 5(2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..(recognize) 6（2014大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _____ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 7（2014福建卷）27.____ (spend)  the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 8（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________(connect ).  9（2014湖南卷）23.____( understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ ‎10（2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____( stare )at the night sky. 11（2014湖南卷）35.  ______ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 12（2014江西卷）31. ___( spend) nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel . 13________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 14（2014江西卷）34.He is thought ___(act ) foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . 15（2014山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door______(say) when the shop will open again.  16Mark lives in a big pleasant room ______( measure) approximately 5 meters by 6 meters. 17（2014山东卷）9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ (employ ) a security officer.   18（2014陕西卷）12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ (go) for a swim? 19（2014陕西卷）20. ________ (work )out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 20（2014四川卷）The manager was satisfied to see many new products______(develop) after great effort. 21（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________( find )  it didn’t fit 22（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students ‎ who wish to seek their own answers. 23（2014浙江卷 ）14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ (appoint)    to guard her.‎ ‎ 24（2014重庆卷 ）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______(return) to our shop for quality problems. 25（2014重庆卷 ）11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ (help)children develop team spirit. 26.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________(wonder) whether to stay or leave.‎ ‎27.【2015·北京】21._____(catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ ‎28.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,____(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.‎ ‎29.【2015·北京】31.If ___ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ ‎30【2015·重庆】6. ____ (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ ‎31【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____(use) the sun and the stars.‎ ‎32.【2015·天津】8. ______(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ‎ ‎33.【2015·天津】5. ______(absorb)in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. ‎ ‎34.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on ______ (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎35.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ______(take) good care of at home.‎ ‎36.【2015·福建】28._________ (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ ‎37.【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______(combine)the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".‎ ‎38.【2015·江苏】24.Much time _____ (spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ ‎39.【2015·安徽】27.______ (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ ‎40.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________(talk) over what is bothering them.‎ ‎41(2016天津）The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ____ (make)air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎42（2016浙江）To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______（conduct） in Australia in 2012.‎ ‎43（2016浙江）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_________(work )with students.‎ ‎44（2016江苏）In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _________ (hide)within the work.‎ ‎45（2017北京）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ (save)their valuable time. ‎ ‎46（2017北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________(range ) from butterflies to elephants.‎ ‎47（2017北京）Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______(spend) with his students.‎ ‎48（2017江苏）Many Chinese brands, _______(develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ ‎49（2017天津）I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ______(catch) ．‎ ‎50（2017天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____(allow) more patients to be treated.‎