高考英语语法专题—— 专题1 1名词 14页

‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，69)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. ‎ 答案：introduction　由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，66)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate). ‎ 答案：education　形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。‎ ‎3．(2017·浙江高考，56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.‎ 答案：carrots　由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots。‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. ‎ 答案：studies　根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应该是名词的复数形式。‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract). ‎ 答案：attraction　根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词，形容词常用作定语来修饰名词。‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve). ‎ 答案：achievement　介词of后要用名词作宾语。a sense of ‎ achievement “成就感”。‎ ‎7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.‎ 答案：days　few修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。every few days “每隔几天”。‎ ‎8．(2016·江苏高考，阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.‎ 答案：effects　句子的谓语为are felt，由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects。‎ ‎9．(2016·北京高考，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.‎ 答案：growth　形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列。‎ ‎10．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.‎ 答案：stress　动词reduce后需用名词作宾语，stress “压力，紧张”，是不可数名词。句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受。‎ 一、可数名词的数 可数名词都有单数和复数之分。‎ ‎(一)名词复数的规则变化 ‎(二)名词复数的不规则变化 二、不可数名词 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。‎ ‎1．常考的不可数名词 ‎2．抽象名词具体化 抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常见的和常考的有：‎ ‎3．物质名词的复数现象 ‎(1)有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物。‎ paper(纸)—papers(证件，论文) ‎ custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)‎ arm(胳膊)—arms(武器，装备)‎ air(空气)—airs(摆架子，装腔作势)‎ ‎(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式，表示由大量该物质组成的事物。‎ sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠)‎ water(水)—waters(水域，水体)‎ time(时间)—times(时代)‎ wood(木头，木材)—woods(树林)‎ ‎(3)有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类，如food, wine, ‎ metal, fish, vegetable等。‎ The wines of France are among the best in the world.‎ 三、名词的所有格 ‎1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's。‎ his father's boss 他爸爸的老板 ‎2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加's表示其所有格。‎ today's paper 今天的报纸 England's shore 英国的海岸 the car's design 这辆车的设计 We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation. ‎ ‎3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加's所有格。‎ for friendship's sake 为了友情 at a stone's throw 一箭之远 at one's finger's tip 手头上有 at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处 at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷 ‎4．无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。‎ the window of the room 这个房间的窗户 ‎5．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加's，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加's。‎ Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)‎ Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)‎ ‎6．双重所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。‎ a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Although these _______ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.‎ 答案：measures　根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断，主语应用复数形式measures。‎ ‎2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste a wide variety of ________ (apple). ‎ 答案：apples　a (wide) variety of “各种各样的”，修饰复数名词。句意：在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。‎ ‎3．The __________ (life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.‎ 答案：lives　句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式，由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语。‎ ‎4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________ ‎ ‎(communicate). ‎ 答案：communication　介词of之后要用名词， a form of ‎ communication “一种沟通方式”。‎ ‎5. I had no ________ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.‎ 答案：choice　形容词no后面应跟名词。have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”，固定搭配。‎ ‎6．Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ 答案：adjustments　句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校将做出调整。make adjustments是固定表达，意为“做出调 整”。 ‎ ‎7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.‎ 答案：‎ thought　句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案。认真考虑，然后告诉我。some后应跟名词，thought “思索，考虑”。‎ ‎8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungry ‎ stomach.‎ 答案：child's　此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”，空后是名词stomach，提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故用child的所有格形式。‎ ‎9．When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ‎ ‎ ________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.‎ 答案：balance　句意：小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。根据空格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语。lose one's balance “失去平衡”。 ‎ ‎10．—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?‎ ‎—That's a good ________ (suggest). ‎ 答案：suggestion　句意：——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是个好建议。由常识可知形容词修饰名词，故good后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：grow→growth　考查词性转换。由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth。‎ ‎2. As a witness, he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：descriptions→description　考查名词。description “描述，描写”，give sb. a description为固定短语，意为“向某人作描述”。‎ ‎3．You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：possessions→possession　考查固定短语。take possession of “拥有，占有”，固定搭配。‎ ‎4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：skill→skills　考查名词的数。由many修饰可数名词复数可知应用skills。‎ ‎5．Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个me→mine　考查双重所有格。此处表示“我的几个朋友”，应用“n.＋of＋名词性物主代词”结构。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 I've dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But it isn't easy to get a book of __1__ (I) published. Although I've tried hard, none of my __2__ (book) have been published. This is really __3__ (upset)．‎ This morning, I received a call from a publisher and __4__(tell) once again that there was no way my book would be published. __5__ (feel) sad, I left home and went to the park near my apartment. At the park, I sat down on the bench near the grass.‎ While I was sitting there, I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. He was running on the grass, __6__ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy when he enjoyed the__7__ (free) of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass, but he quickly got up and continued to run as fast __8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing__9__ (happen)．‎ Seeing that, I was __10__(true) inspired. I suddenly realized that I ‎ shouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead, I should cheer up and keep on trying.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景，从而受到启发：人生遇到挫折不能气馁，而是要振作起来，继续努力奋斗。‎ ‎1．mine　考查双重所有格。由设空前的“a book of”可知，应填名词性物主代词，且此处表示“我的一本书”，故填mine。‎ ‎2．books　考查名词的数。根据主谓一致原则，none of后可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数形式，book为可数名词，故应填books。‎ ‎3．upsetting　考查词性转换。副词really修饰形容词，this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事，由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语。‎ ‎4．was told　考查动词的语态和时态。句意：我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版。句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，且由“this morning”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎5．Feeling　考查非谓语动词。feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I，是主动关系，因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示原因。Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad。 ‎ ‎6．with　考查介词。with的复合结构作伴随状语。‎ ‎7．freedom　考查词性转换。根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词，即在草地上奔跑的自由。‎ ‎8．as　考查连词。as fast as he could “尽可能快地”，as ... as为固定结构。‎ ‎9．had happened　考查动词的时态。句意：摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来，依然面带笑容地奔跑着，好像什么事也没有发生似的。根据语境可知，as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设，因此需用虚拟语气。‎ ‎10．truly　考查词性转换。句意：看到此情此景，我真的受到启发。副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Peter，‎ I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.‎ First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so in this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible. Besides, it is good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember ‎ Chinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which you will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning Chinese, too. We hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.‎ ‎ Best wishes.‎ ‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Li Hua 答案：‎ Dear Peter，‎ I'm glad to give you some on how to learn Chinese well. Here a few suggestions.‎ First, it is important to take a Chinese course, in this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible. Besides, it is good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so ‎ you'll learn and remember Chinese words more . You can also make more Chinese friends, from you will learn a lot about China. They can help you Chinese, too. hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.‎ ‎ Best wishes.‎ ‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎1.advices→advice　考查不可数名词。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎2.is→are　考查主谓一致。主语suggestions是复数形式，谓语动词也应该用复数。‎ ‎3.so→because　考查连词。后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因，而非结果。‎ ‎4.helped→helps　考查动词的时态。本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎5.去掉whenever后的it或在it后加is　考查省略。whenever it is possible的省略形式为whenever possible。‎ ‎6.good idea前加a　考查名词的数。idea是可数名词。‎ ‎7.easier→easily　考查副词。修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词。‎ ‎8.which→whom　考查关系代词。定语从句的先行词Chinese friends是指人的名词短语，且关系词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词应用whom。‎ ‎9.learning→learn　考查非谓语动词。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。‎ ‎10.We→I　考查人称代词。根据短文开头I'm glad to give you ‎ some ... 可知，应将We改为I。‎