名从性从句高考真题 9页

专题八名词性从句 that, whether与if引导名词性从句的区别 ‎ ——考题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎2．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ改编)I am wondering whether you can pick him up at the airport.‎ ‎3．(2015·北京高考改编)I truly believe that beauty comes from within.‎ ‎4．(2012·浙江高考改编)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，用连接词引导。连接词有that, whether和if。‎ ‎1．that: that 连接名词性从句，只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。在宾语从句中可以省略。‎ The teacher informed us (that) we would have a test the next day. ‎ 老师告知我们第二天进行测试。‎ ‎2．if 和whether：有“是否”的含义，表示一般疑问。主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether不能用if。if 和whether也不在从句中作成分，只起连接作用。‎ The trouble is whether he can come on time. ‎ 麻烦是他是否能按时来。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：‎ ‎(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；‎ ‎(2)引导表语从句时；‎ ‎(3)引导从句作介词宾语时；‎ ‎(4)从句后有“or not”时；‎ ‎(5)后接动词不定式时。‎ ‎2．that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：‎ ‎(1)it＋be＋形容词(如： obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, evident, clear, apparent等)＋that从句。‎ ‎(2)it＋be＋名词(如： no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。‎ ‎(3)it＋be＋过去分词(如： said, reported, thought, estimated, expected, decided, announced, arranged, recognized等)＋that从句。‎ 类似句型还有：It cannot be denied that ... /It must be admitted that ...‎ ‎(4)it＋动词(如：seem, appear, happen, occur to sb., doesn't matter, make no difference等)＋that从句。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.‎ ‎2．It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.‎ ‎3．It happened to me that I had been away when he called.‎ ‎4．I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the gettogether.‎ ‎5．We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.‎ ‎6．I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.‎ 连接代词引导的名词性从句 ‎ ——考题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2014·福建高考改编)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you're afraid to do.‎ ‎2．(2014·浙江高考改编)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.‎ ‎3．(2013·北京高考改编)I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father. ‎ ‎4．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ改编)By the way, do you know what they stand for?‎ ‎5．(2013·福建高考改编)Personally speaking, I don't think what these parents do is helpful to their children.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。‎ What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. ‎ 影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。‎ What worries us most is who let out the secret.‎ 最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.‎ ‎2．I'd like to start my own business — that's what I'd do if I had the money.‎ ‎3．(2017·太原五中一模)Who will come to help with my English hasn't been decided.‎ ‎4. (2014·湖南高考改编)As John Lennon once said, life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ ‎5．(2014·山东高考改编)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.‎ 连接副词引导的名词性从句 ‎ ——考题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2015·北京高考改编)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ ‎2．(2015·福建高考改编)—I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ ‎3．(2015·湖南高考改编)You have to know where you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎4．(2015·重庆高考改编)We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ ‎5．(2014·广东高考改编)I didn't understand why this would happen and ...‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 连接副词when, where, why, how 这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。‎ He didn't tell me when we would meet again.‎ 他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。‎ Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.‎ 去把大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。‎ I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. ‎ 我不知道怎么能到火车站。‎ That's why I want you to work there. ‎ 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me how I could sleep. “Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise？”‎ ‎2．The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.‎ ‎3．She asked a question why there was a delay.‎ ‎4．(2017·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's where I don't agree.‎ whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however的用法 ‎ ——考题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2016·北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.‎ ‎2．(2013·江西高考改编)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.‎ ‎3．(2014·北京高考改编)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 它们的作用等同于who, what, which, where, when, how, 但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用no matter＋who/what ...代替。‎ ‎1．引导主语从句。‎ Whoever did this job must be rewarded.‎ 无论谁做的这项工作都肯定会被奖励。‎ ‎2．引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。‎ I'll give you however much money you need.‎ 不论你需要多少钱我都给你。‎ ‎3．引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。‎ She will give whoever needs help a hand.‎ 她将给任何需要帮助的人提供帮助。‎ ‎4．引导介词的宾语从句。‎ You can write about whatever topic you prefer.‎ 你可以写你喜欢的任何话题。‎ ‎5．引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。‎ We'll make him whatever he is fit for.‎ 他适合什么我们就让他做什么。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎“no matter＋疑问词” 包括no matter who, no matter what, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how；它们的意义跟前面对应的“疑问词ever”相同，但它们只能用来引导状语从句。‎ Whoever/No matter who comes, you will say I am out.‎ 不管谁来，你就说我不在家。‎ However/No matter how tired he was, he went on working. ‎ 无论他多么累，他都继续工作。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·株洲二中月考)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome whatever difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.‎ ‎2．As many as seven courses are provided, and they are free to choose whichever suits them best.‎ ‎3．(2017·四川营山县模拟)Whoever sets fire to the forest should be punished. ‎ ‎4．Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. ‎ ‎1．宾语从句 ‎(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.‎ 解析：why　根据语境此处应用why引导宾语从句。‎ ‎2．主语从句 ‎(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ 解析：that　此句为主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故使用that引导。‎ ‎3．表语从句 ‎①(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 解析：that　根据句子结构可知，本句是表语从句，且表语从句中主系表结构完整，故使用连词that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。‎ ‎②(2015·安徽高考改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.‎ 解析：what　空格后的句子是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what。‎ ‎4．同位语从句 ‎①(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ 解析：that　空格后面是建议的具体内容，从句不缺成分，故填that。‎ ‎②(2014·重庆高考改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.‎ 解析：why　根据后面的“that's one of his favorite universities”可知这里指原因，故用why引导。‎ ‎1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用 示例 ‎(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 答案：where→that或去掉where 点拨 从属连词有that/whether/if等，连接副词有when, where等。从属连词不作成分，而连接副词作状语。‎ ‎2．连接代词(what, which和who等)之间的错用 示例 ‎(2013·辽宁高考)That is which other teachers say. 答案：which→what 点拨 引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语或宾语时应用what(什么)；which(哪一个)；who(谁)等，注意它们之间意义的差别。‎ ‎3．that与what之间的错用 示例 ‎(2017·银川二中一模)For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. 答案：that→what 点拨 what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。‎ ‎4．从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用 示例 ‎(2017·山东师大附中模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life. 答案：whether→that 点拨 that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意。‎ ‎5．从属连词that的缺失 示例 ‎(2017·遵义航天高级中学模拟)And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 答案：belief后加that 点拨 that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不能省略，引导宾语从句时可以省略。‎ ‎[增分技法]‎ ‎1．掌握好引导词that的省略与不省略。 ‎ 他的成功是因为他为比赛作了充分的准备。‎ His success lies in the fact that he was well prepared for the match.‎ ‎2．what从句在写作中非常有用，叫不出名字的事物都可用这个句式来表达。 ‎ 近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已不再是过去的样子了。‎ In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school and it is no longer what it used to be.‎ ‎3．用好whatever，however等引导的名词性从句和让步状语从句。 ‎ 我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。‎ We must do whatever it takes to protect our environment. ‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①我反对这个工程的原因是，它花费太多的钱，而这些钱应当用来提高当地人们的生活水平。(be against, project, the reason why ...is that, to improve the lives of the local people)‎ The_reason_why_I_am_against_the_project_is_that_it_will_cost_too_much_money,_which_should_be_used_to_improve_the_lives_of_local_people.‎ ‎②如果我们想成功，我们应当相信我们做的事情，相信我们自己。(succeed, believe in what we do, who we are)‎ We_should_believe_in_what_we_do_and_who_we_are_if_we_are_to_succeed.‎ ‎③无论谁想成功，都必须尽最大努力。(whoever, succeed, do one's best)‎ Whoever_wants_to_succeed_must_do_his/her_best.‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·重庆南开中学月考)Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent how you respond it.‎ ‎2．(2017·邯郸调研)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.‎ ‎3．(2017·四川成都高新区检测)In my opinion, what matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.‎ ‎4．(2017·益阳模拟)Half of the world's population is under the age of 25 and when they are not involved in the decisionmaking process, they are not aware of what is taking place.‎ ‎5．(2017·本溪高级中学月考)Whether the flight to New York will be delayed is what I'm especially worried about.‎ ‎6．(2017·怀化一模)There are as many as five students' clubs in our school. You can join whichever interests you most.‎ ‎7．(2017·杭州二模)With time going by, what once seemed vital in our life is no longer as important now.‎ ‎8．(2017·山东省实验中学一模)She has received an offer from Berkeley, but I don't know whether/if she will accept it.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things ‎ perfectly.if→whether ‎2．We're all pleased what we have once again overcome the difficulty.what→that ‎3．We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.consider后加it ‎4．My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.is后加that ‎5．His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie.which→that ‎6．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who Ⅲ.单句写作 ‎ ‎1．使我们这个学校特别的是，她的大多数毕业生都被名校录取了。(make ...special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges)‎ What_makes_our_school_special_is_that_most_of_its_graduates_are_admitted_to_famous_colleges.‎ ‎2．令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。(delighted, perform, the table tennis tournament)‎ What_delighted_the_fans/made_the_fans_delighted_was_that_the_young_player_performed_extremely_well_in_the_table_tennis_tournament._‎ ‎3．如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever, learning method, learning efficiency)‎ If_you_can_find_whatever_learning_method_(that)_suits_you,_your_study/learning_efficiency_is_likely_to_improve_remarkably.‎ ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ ‎(2017·东北三省三校一模)The “selfie” is used to describe the selftaken photo, often from a smartphone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up __1__ (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the __2__(good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him__3__ (remove), because that smile is what gives him the__4__ (determine) to love himself.‎ I read__5__ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you__6__ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue.You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your daughter, or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say ‘I love__7__(I)’？”‎ That statement hit me like a ton of bricks.I've struggled with confidence all my life.I still do.And in__8__ way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway__9__ confidence.__10__， the ‎ selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.‎ 语篇解读：很多人会把自己满意的自拍照发到网上去，他们认为这样可以使自己增强爱自己的决心。‎ ‎1．posting　end up doing sth.为固定用法，意为“以……而结束，最终做了某事”。‎ ‎2．best　由语境可知此处表示从众多自拍照中选一张自己认为最好的，由此判断此处应用good 的最高级。‎ ‎3．is removed　由语境可知应用一般现在时，又因remove与everything为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．determination　give sb.sth.“给某人某物”。又根据设空处前的the 也可判断设空处应用名词。determination为不可数名词，后面常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎5．a　设空处的poem为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。‎ ‎6．what　所填词在宾语从句中作宾语，故应用what。‎ ‎7．myself　由空前的I及语境可知设空处用反身代词。‎ ‎8．no　根据本句中“am I saying”的倒装语序，可推知设空处应为否定词。表示否定意义的介词短语放在句首时，后面的主谓部分常用部分倒装形式。in no way “决不”。‎ ‎9．to　a gateway to ...为固定搭配，意为“通向……之路”。‎ ‎10．However　前后句之间是转折关系，并由后面的逗号可知应填However。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Some of us is having problems with our parents, as they often look for our schoolbags. I fully understand when we are not comfortable about it, but there's no need to feel too sadly. Our parents check our bags to make it sure we're not getting into trouble. They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kid and think we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. I suggest that we telling them we want them to trust us as much we'd like to trust them.‎ 答案：第一句：is→are; for→into 第二句：when→why; sadly→sad 第三句：去掉it 第四句：had→have; kid→kids 第五句：and→but 第六句：telling→tell; much后加as