江苏2017高考英语阅读理解推理判断题讲解及选练含答案 12页

江苏2017高考英语阅读理解【推理判断题】讲解及选练（含答案）‎ 阅读理解解题指导 阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。 ‎ 阅读理解----【推理判断题】‎ 推理判断题主要考查考生对文章的深层理解和挖掘，往往针对作者的态度或观点、文章的隐含意义、 文章的写作目的、 文章的体裁或者出处来设题考查。题干中往往含有一些标志性词语: infer, suggest, imply, conclude等。‎ 命题方式一般有： ‎ What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ What does the second paragraph suggest?‎ What attitude does the author of the text have towards …?‎ What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ 做推理判断题时，考生要注意挖掘文章的隐含信息，从已知获得未知，而不是凭空臆断。很多文章，尤其是记叙文和议论文，其语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的态度、观点及作者的写作意图。考生应认真阅读文章并找出反映语境褒贬性的关键性词汇或句子，这对我们掌握文章主旨文意、 把握作者观点态度，从而正确地进行逻辑推断大有好处。如：‎ 真题摘选【1】（2013江苏卷 C篇）‎ If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. ‎ ‎64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs 　　　.‎ ‎ A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression means ‎ ‎ B. gradually developed measures against the bends ‎ ‎ C. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles ‎ ‎ D. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it ‎ 解析：根据文中信息，如果鱼龙确实曾经进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能，那么这种进化一定会发展很快，但是奇怪的是，它们后来失去了这一机能。因此Dr Rothschild可能得出的结论是：鱼龙没有进化得到一种抗减压病的机能。‎ ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。‎ Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?‎ If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us，then you'll_make_it!‎ Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)‎ Place：‎Manchester Hours：Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days left.Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!‎ Role：‎ You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.‎ Skills and Experience Required：‎ You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you.‎ ‎1．The text is meant to ________.‎ A．leave a note B．send an invitation C．present a document D．carry an advertisement ‎2．What does the underlined part mean?‎ A．You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.‎ B．You'll arrive home just in time from this job.‎ C．You'll earn a good salary from this job.‎ D．You'll succeed in getting this job.‎ ‎3．The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.‎ A．to get some financial support B．to properly protect themselves C．to learn some new living skills D．to realize their own importance ‎4．Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?‎ A．The one who can drive a car.‎ B．The one who has done similar work before.‎ C．The one who has patience to listen to others.‎ D．The one who can use English to communicate.‎ 答案：‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一则广告。广告中招募志愿者，帮助智障人，让智障人意识到他们的重要性。‎ ‎1．D　解析：考查推理判断。从文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相关信息可知，短文为广告。‎ ‎2．A　解析：考查句意理解。从文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life”以及第二段中的“If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us, then you'll_make_it”可知，you'll make it意为“参加广告中的志愿工作，你将让别人的生活更有意义”。‎ ‎3．D　解析：考查细节理解。根据文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是让智障人意识到他们的重要性。‎ ‎4．B　解析：考查细节理解。根据文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous carerelated experience will be a great advantage for you”可知，以前有类似工作经历的人优先。‎ 真题摘选【2】(2013课标卷Ⅰ A篇)‎ Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. ‎ ‎57. What can we learn about the author? ‎ ‎ A. She rarely misses a good deal.‎ ‎ B. She seldom makes a compromise.‎ ‎ C. She is very strict with her children.‎ ‎ D. She is interested in cheap products.‎ 解析：根据文中第三段可知，作为一名一流的讨价还价高手，作者知道每一美元的价值，由此推断，她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易，故选A。‎ ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎（2015模拟题）‎ Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.‎ A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden.It is just a far more ecofriendly garden.Usually it is built lower than the ground.Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(渗透) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.‎ Thus，a rain garden keeps the water，allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden，rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused.The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two.This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed.This is a simple，attractive，and ecofriendly “green” way to treat storm water.‎ What’s more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.Without using expensive machinery and chemicals，rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.‎ Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.They may attract local wildlife such as native birds.Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.Once native plants establish the necessary root system，they will require little care.‎ Often，local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems.However，you don’t need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden.As long as you’re ecoconscious homeowners，you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.‎ ‎1.Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?‎ A.They are good for living conditions.‎ B.They increase pollution.‎ C.They can beautify the community.‎ D.They improve the environment.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants ‎ that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知雨水花园对环境有益，并不会增加污染。故选B。‎ ‎2.Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?‎ A.They can help reduce the pollution problem.‎ B.They can keep the rain and storm water.‎ C.They can be healthy for the people around.‎ D.They can make the environment more beautiful.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“What’s more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花园有助于减少污染。故A正确。‎ ‎3.One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that .‎ A.they cost less and are much easier to get B.they may attract local wildlife to come C.they require little care from the local gardener D.they are more used to the local growing conditions 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句话“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.”可知，建议种本地的植物是因为本地的植物更适应本地的环境。‎ ‎4.What do we know about rain gardens?‎ A.They need little water after all the plants are planted.‎ B.They may attract local birds and change the local climate.‎ C.They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.‎ D.They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第五段第三句话“Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.”可知，雨水花园一周需要至少一英尺的雨水。故选C。‎ 真题摘选【3】(2013课标卷Ⅰ C篇)‎ But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.K. Rowling, John ‎ Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so). ‎ ‎67. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?‎ ‎ A. Favorable. B. Uncaring. ‎ ‎ C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.‎ 解析：根据文章最后一段特别是astonished可知，作者对58%的人也产生了怀疑，故选择C项。‎ ‎【实战演练】‎ 真题摘选【4】(2013安徽卷 A篇)‎ The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. ‎ ‎59. The text probably comes from _____.‎ ‎ A. a guide book B. a popular magazine ‎ ‎ C. a book review D. an official document 解析：本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。这是一份调查报告，出现的地方最可能是杂志，故选B项。‎ ‎【习题选编】‎ 阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。B Four Must-See Route 66(66号公路) Attractions The United States is full of odd roadside attractions. Route 66 is home to some of the oldest and most known attractions of them all. Here are four attractions you should see along the Mother Road:‎ ‎1. Paul Bunyan and a Hot Dog Route 66 travelers pass by many fiberglass giants(巨人) right along the road. These giants were a popular form of advertising in the 1960s. Many of them stood in front of service stations. They held car parts, such as mufflers. The collection of Route 66 giants became known as “Muffler Men”. Businesses hoped the strange statues would get travelers’ attention.‎ The first fiberglass giant was a “Paul Bunyan” figure, built in the early 1960s. It is said that Paul Bunyan is a famous wood worker.‎ ‎2. Crown Candy Kitchen and Jamaica Ray Crown Candy Kitchen has been serving Route 66 travelers from the very beginning. It is just a few short blocks from the 66 path through St. Louis‎, ‎Missouri. The family-run soda fountain shop opened more than 100 years ago, and has been making candies and meals ever since.‎ On weekends, people sometimes wait in line for a table at Crown Candy for over an hour. Luckily there is free entertainment right outside. Jamaica Ray, a local folk artist, creates unusual sculptures.‎ ‎3. The World's Largest Rocking Chair Fanning, Missouri, is home to one of the strangest Route 66 attractions. Just off the road sits an almost 13-meter-tall rocking chair.‎ The structure was completed in 2008 on the first of April, or April Fool’s Day. ‎ At one time the chair actually rocked. But officials decided it had to be still to be safe for ever. People are not permitted to climb the chair. We think, however, that it probably happens once in a while when no one is watching.‎ ‎4. Big Texan's Steak Challenge Few places better represent the common expression “Everything’s Bigger in Texas” than the Big Texan Steak Ranch. Since 1960, it has appealed to travelers with big appetites -- and a big love of beef.‎ It is hard to miss the huge yellow restaurant -- or the giant cow statue that sits out front. The cow advertises Big Texan’s special deal, and what has made this steak ranch famous: a “free” 72-ounce(英两) or 2 kilogram -- steak. There is one trick: the steak is only free if you can eat the entire thing in one hour.‎ A special table is in the middle of the restaurant for the daring diners who accept the challenge. Since 1990, more than 9,000 diners have eaten the entire 2-kilogram steak.‎ ‎1、What was considered as “Muffler Men”?‎ A. Hot Dog B. Jamaica Ray C. Car parts D. Paul Bunyan ‎2、Where will you maybe wait in line on weekends?‎ A. Paul Bunyan and a Hot Dog B. Crown Candy Kitchen and Jamaica Ray C. The World's Largest Rocking Chair ‎ D. Big Texan's Steak Challenge ‎3、If you visit The World's Largest Rocking Chair, you have to _______.‎ A. get there in April B. climb up and rock it C. see it 13 meters away D. travel to Fanning, ‎Missouri ‎4、What is Big Texan's Steak Challenge?‎ A. The giant cow statue sits out of the huge ranch.‎ B. Diners eat up the entire 72-ounce or 2-kilogram steak.‎ C. The Big Texan Steak Ranch is the biggest restaurant in Texas.‎ D. The daring diners sit around at a special table in the restaurant.‎ 参考答案1—4、DBDB ‎ 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。‎ ‎(2013·苏锡常镇四市二调，C)‎ Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.‎ Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm‎, ‎Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.‎ Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”．‎ Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.‎ Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.”‎ Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University‎ of ‎Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”‎ Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”‎ Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who ‎ lack navigational (导航) skills.‎ ‎“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.‎ Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。‎ ‎1．What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Is GPS system reliable to use?‎ B．What is the use of GPS?‎ C．How to make the most of GPS?‎ D．Blame! GPS or Passengers?‎ 答案：A　标题概括题。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。‎ ‎2．What is the implication of the underlined part?‎ A．GPS is just a garbage device.‎ B．GPS will not correct human errors.‎ C．GPS adjusts your wrong destination.‎ D．GPS is just as smart as human beings.‎ 答案：B　句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并结合上下文可知，画线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?‎ A．Small screen.‎ B．Timing of commands.‎ C．Outdated maps.‎ D．Dear cameras GPS uses.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可知，A项是GPS的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。‎ ‎4．According to the passage, people commonly believe that ________.‎ A．you have to know where to go when using GPS B．you need to have new competencies to use GPS well C．GPS is proper for drivers with little sense of direction D．GPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps 答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。‎ ‎（2015模拟题）‎ The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.‎ Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose(提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am.Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China’s Twitter.‎ They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze(雾霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors about all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators(呼吸器).‎ The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at China’s top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies’ outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，highpolluting gas fuel.‎ Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pan’s proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “carfree days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public.‎ Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956，which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.‎ ‎1.Why did Pan Shiyi started an online survey?‎ A.To investigate the public’s opinions on pollution.‎ B.To tell people the danger of the smoggy weather.‎ C.To call on more people to support his proposal.‎ D.To collect supporting evidences for his proposal.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，潘石屹发起网上调查，是因为他计划向地方政府提交《清洁空气法案》的提议(proposal)，首先排除A、B两项；再根据常识判断，网上发起投票调查，是为了收集提议受到支持的证据，使其更具说服力，故答案选D。‎ ‎2.What can we learn from the passage?‎ A.People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.‎ B.Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses.‎ C.Smog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.‎ D.Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知选C，雾霾导致呼吸性系统疾病的增长，尤其在老人和儿童中(抵抗力较低的人群)。根据第四段第一句可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第二句可知B项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知D项错误。‎ ‎3.Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to .‎ A.suggest Beijing should learn from other countries B.let people know many places have this problem C.tell people the situation in Britain is worse D.call on the government to pass Britain’s Clean Air Act 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可推断出，举例是建议北京向英国学习，早日制定《清洁空气法案》。‎ ‎4.What’s the best title for this passage?‎ A.The Use of Gas Masks and Respirators B.Beijingers Call for a Clean Air Act C.Effective Protection for Blue Sky D.The Mysterious Causes of the Scary Smog 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。文章介绍了北京持续出现的雾霾天气导致的严重危害以及网民们呼吁制定《清洁空气法案》，故B项符合文章主旨。 ‎