高考语法填空考点总结 10页

语法填空 考点分析 提 示 词 形 式 动词 谓语动词 时态（八大时态）‎ 语态（主动语态&被动语态）‎ 非谓语动词 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 形容词与副词的比较级或最高级 词性转换（名词&动词&形容词&副词）‎ 词义转换（派生词）‎ 纯 空 格 形 式 冠词（a/an/the）‎ 介词(in, on, at , behind, for, with, from...)‎ 代词 人称代词（主格&宾格）‎ 物主代词（形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词）‎ 反身代词 指示代词（this，that，these, those）‎ 不定代词（some, other, another,both,...）‎ 疑问代词 连词 从属连词 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 并列连词（but, however, so, and, ...）‎ 固定短语或句型 有提示词的解题技巧 一：谓语动词：‎ 若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。‎ ‎1. His fear of failure_______(keep) him from classroom games that other children played excitedly. kept ‎2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, ______(close) my book and walked away. closed ‎3. Three people ____(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. . ‎ ‎ were taken ‎4. She told him that she ________ (bring) him the water in ten minutes. would bring 二、非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词，还是不定式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。‎ 技巧一：作主语或宾语，通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。‎ 10‎ ‎1. But it is not enough only_______________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. ‎ 解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。‎ ‎2._____________(speak) out your feeling won’t make you feel ashamed.‎ 解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。‎ 技巧二：作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。‎ ‎1. ______________ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.‎ 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。‎ ‎2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _______ (succeed). ‎ 解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。‎ 技巧三：作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。‎ ‎1. He saw the stone, ____________(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” ‎ 解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。‎ ‎2. The headmaster went into the lab, ______________ (follow) by the foreign guests.‎ 解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎3. There will be a meeting, ___________ (start) later this year to review the film. ‎ 解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。‎ ‎4. Lessons _______________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. ‎ 解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。‎ 特别提醒 有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：‎ But Jane knew from past experience that her __________ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. ‎ 解析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。‎ 谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习：‎ 1. He entered the room，__________(hold) a book in his hand. holding ‎ He entered the room and _________(hold) a book in his hand. held 2. I politely refused her invitation and ___________(walk) away. walked ‎ I politely refused her invitation，___________(walk) away. walking 3. A boy __________(call) Jack came here today. called 10‎ ‎ A boy who _____________(call) Jack came here today. was called 4. We enjoy the movie ___________(direct) by a famous artist. directed ‎ We enjoy the movie which _______________(direct) by a famous artist. was directed 5. When I _________(hear) the news，I was excited. heard ‎ When____________(hear) the news，I was excited. hearing 6. Unless I ____________(invite)，I won,t attend the party. was invited ‎ Unless ____________(invite)，I won’t attend the party. invited 三． 给出的提示词是形容词或副词 当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词，则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。‎ 1. He is one of the _________(great) man that I have ever known. greatest 2. ‎____________(luck) than other students in her class, she was admitted to Beijing University. Luckier 3. When he sees other students __________(good) than him, he usually think that they have higher IQ. better 4. At first we wanted to fly because it would be _________(fast) and would save us more time. faster 5. The ___________(big) and most powerful animal in the forest was the bear. biggest 6. The ___________(young) angel was very angry and blame the older angel. younger 解题技巧：‎ 1. 若两者之间比较，或者有than，就用比较级 2. 不出现than, 即省略了“than+比较对象”这种隐含式比较级，要注意语境理解 3. 注意“less/least+原级”这样的降级比较 4. 若是多者之间比较，或者有in、of等介词短语表示比较范围，要用最高级 5. 比较级前可用a bit、a little表示稍稍，一点；用much、a lot 表示“……得多”、even表示“更加”‎ 6. as…as…之间用原级 7. 最高级前要有the ‎(1)The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even_________ (hard) and nearly made himself out. harder ‎(2)The ______________(strong) we become, the more modest we should be. stronger ‎(3)Of the two coats, I’d choose the_____________(cheap) one to spare some money for a book. cheaper ‎(4)You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit _______________(slow)? slower ‎(5)This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses __________(little) water and electricity than older models. less ‎(6)The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______________(good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. better 三、 词性转换 根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。‎ ‎①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。如：‎ 10‎ The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.‎ 解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。‎ In a ________ (danger) part of the sea , they lost their way.‎ 解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。‎ Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject.‎ 解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。‎ ‎②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词。‎ ‎ When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.‎ 解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。‎ These people have made great ____________(contribute) to China with their work. ‎ 解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。‎ ‎③在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词。如：‎ Their ___________(happy) is based on money.‎ 解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填happiness。‎ The ___________ (operate) of the system is very difficult.‎ 解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。‎ ‎④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：‎ As I looked __________ (close) at this girl, I found that she wasn’t ugly at all. ‎ 解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。‎ ‎ There must be something____________(serious) wrong with our society. ‎ 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。‎ Singles are flocking to the Internet________(main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time. ‎ 解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。‎ ‎______________(fortunate), only two students can pass the final exam.‎ 解析：修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，且根据句意可知，要表达“不幸的是”，故填Unfortunately ‎⑤派生词：有可能是词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，需要在词前加前缀 un-, im-, , dis-等，或在该词后加后缀-less People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).‎ 解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。‎ Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.‎ 解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“‎ 10‎ 错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。‎ ‎(im) possible (im)polite (un) happy (un)healthy (un)kind ‎ care(less) home(less) use(less) （dis)like ‎ What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up.__1__ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick __2__ your goal.On your way to success, you __3__ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and __4__ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.__5__ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.‎ Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere __6__ an objective in life.‎ ‎ You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __7__.Only in this way __8__ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time __9__(proper)．And you should also have a belief __10__ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.‎ ‎【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。‎ ‎ 1．However　与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点， 用副词however。‎ ‎ 2．to　stick to意为“坚持”。‎ ‎ 3．must　由语境揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。‎ ‎ 4．helping　与guiding并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。‎ ‎ 5．Otherwise　由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。‎ ‎ 6．without　句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。‎ ‎ 7．it　it指代your objective。‎ ‎ 8．will/can　句意：只有这样，你才会知道……‎ ‎ 9．properly　修饰动词spend作状语用副词。‎ ‎ 10．that　引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。‎ 10‎ 语法填空：纯空格的解题技巧 一、冠词 ‎ ‎（一）不定冠词a，an的用法 ‎1‎ 表示泛指，泛指任何的、不限定的或首次提到的人或事物 Long long a ago, there was ______little girl who lived with seven little man. a ‎2‎ 表示“每一”，相当于every, one We study eight hours______ day. a a和an的区别：a用于辅音开头的单词前，an用于元音开头的单词前 There is ____ “u” in the word”use”. ‎ As we all know, ____ hour is equal to 60 minutes.‎ ‎（二）定冠词the的用法：‎ ‎1‎ 表特指 ‎(1）特指上文已提到过的人或事物 There is a pen here. _____pen is mine. ‎ (2) 用于带后置定语的名词前，‎ 表示特定的人或事物 The water in _____ bottle is clean. ‎ ‎(3)特指说话双方都知道或能体会到的人或事物 Please turn on ____ radio. ‎ ‎2‎ 表类指 ‎(1)用于形容词前表示一类人 ‎____ rich and ____ poor should be treated equal.‎ ‎(2)用于分词前表示一类人 The doctor is taking care of _____injured and _____ dying. the dying 垂危的人 ‎(3)与单数可数名词连用表类别 ‎_____ horse is a useful animal.‎ ‎3‎ 表独指 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 ‎____ earth turns around ____ sun. ‎ ‎4‎ 惯用法 ‎(1)用于乐器名称前 He began to play_____violin at the age of six. ‎ ‎(2)表示“一家人”或“夫妇”‎ ‎___Greens 格林一家/格林夫妇 ‎(3)用于序数词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级前 Of the two coats, I prefer ____ cheaper one.‎ ‎(4)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前 ‎____ United States ‎____ People’s Republic of China ‎(5)用于江河、海洋、山脉等名词前 ‎____Himalaya Mountains, ‎ ‎___Yellow River, ____Taiwan Island ‎(6)用于方位名词前 in___ east/west/north/south ‎(7)用于世纪的某个年代 in ____ 1990’s/1990s在20世纪90年代 冠词练习：‎ 1. He talked to us in ____unusual way. an 2. I sat next to the man and introduce myself. We had ___ amazing conversation. an 3. One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.”Well,” answered _____ stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance?” the 4. John, there is ____ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. A 10‎ 1. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ____ water was sweet. The ‎ 二、介词 介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。如果名词、代词前是空格，且该名词或代词不是作主语、宾语、或表语，而更多是作状语时，很可能填介词。另外，含有介词的固定搭配要积累。‎ ‎1、I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him_______his own either. on on one’e own=by oneself 独自地，靠自己地 ‎2、The young man went home________ a happy heart. with ‎3、He was very tired ________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. ‎ ‎ from /after ‎4、If you still haven’t got a motto, please choose one because a motto can have a great influence _____ you. on ‎5、The machine works ____ itself. by ‎ ‎6、It’s unbelievable that John fell off the truck _______ being hurt. without ‎ ‎7、Rose was wild with joy _____ the result of the exam. as ‎ ‎8、As soon as he entered the room, he took____ his cap and sat down. off ‎9、The number of the employees has grown from 1000 to 1200. This means that it has risen ______ 20 percent. by 三、代词 代词的种类繁多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近年来对代词it 在句中指代事物,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较常见。如果句子缺少主语或宾语，那一定是填名词或代词，名词一般都是词性变换，所以没给出提示词的，一般都是填代词。‎ 1. Scientists in the future will certainly find other ways to make life last longer. ______ will find cures for more diseases. 缺人称代词，且作主格，填They 2. As a teenager, Tom spent summers working as a lifeguard. Forty years later, _____ became the oldest president. 缺人称代词，且作主格，填he 3. ‎“I am disappointed that you lied to me, Jack. I am angry, not with ____, but with myself.” Dad said.‎ ‎ 缺人称代词，且作宾格，填you ‎4.Tom is a kind-hearted man, so you can ask ______ for help. 缺人称代词，且作宾语，填him ‎5. The boy had misunderstood the doctor. He thought that he was going to give his sister all ____ blood.‎ 缺形容词性物主代词，填 his ‎6.Here is my dictionary. Maybe______ is on the table. If you still can’t find it, you may ask your mother for help. 缺主语，且没有提示词，所以根据句意，缺名词性物主代词， 填yours ‎7.-----Could I borrow you pen?‎ ‎ -------Yes, help________. 缺反身代词，填yourself.‎ ‎8.By playing games, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their 10‎ ‎ abilities to get along with _______. Others ‎9. Of the two foreign guests, one is from London, ______ is from New York. The other ‎10.He asked his teacher,“Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______ ?”it ‎11..She remembered how difficult _______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. ‎ ‎12. I think _____ necessary that we drink plenty of water everyday. it 四、连词 如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。‎ 并列连词：包括表转折but，while, however, or, otherwise；并列and；因果because，so等连词。‎ 从属连词：包括that, who, which, where, when, as等。‎ 1. He answered all my questions _____ we talked for over an hour. and 2. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat _____ took a deep breath to help relax myself. and 3. I thought we would be late for the concert, ____we ended up getting there ahead of time. but 4. You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ____you won’t pass the course. or 5. I’ d like to study law at university ________ my cousin prefers geography. while ‎ 6. They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, _______ we managed to bring the price down. but ‎ 7. People from black country are very friendly. ________, their local dialect is difficult to understand. However 五、固定搭配或句型 ‎1.根据强调句结构“It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it还是that.‎ ‎_____ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat. It It was in the park _____ Jack met your sister yesterday. that ‎ ‎ ‎2.如果句子结构完整，空格后是谓语动词且谓语动词原形，而且上下文时态和谓语形式不是很一致时，则考虑以下两种情况：‎ ‎（1）填表示强调的助动词 However,an awful accident ________happen yesterday. did As we all know, Mary _____ practice speaking English every day. does (2) 以only+状语（从句）位于句首,句子要部分倒装句，即把be动词、助动词提到主语的前面。‎ Only then ____ I realize that I was wrong. did Only in this way ___ you able to do it well. are I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance, were a sure path 1__________success.But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school ‎ 10‎ maths exam is one example. The exam, 2_________was originally to be held in our classroom, 3__________(change) to the library at the last minute. This, 4__________, didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 5__________. But my mood changed quickly ______ I saw the first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive 7__________I finally found the solution. With the problem 8___________(solve),I felt proud of my achievement.9___________(fortunate),I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 10___________ (complete) the rest.‎ ‎1.to 2.which 3.was changed 4.however 5.myself 6. when/as ‎ 22.until 8.solved 9.Unfortunately 10 to complete ‎ ‎ ‎ More than 2000 years ago, there lived a young man in the Shouling area of the State of Yan. 1______ (lack) self-confidence, he was 2_____ a loss as to how to behave all the time. 3______the days went by, he 4_______ (feel) that his walking gestures were too clumsy and awkward.‎ ‎ One day, he met some people on the road who were chatting and laughing. 5______ of them said that people in Handan walked 6________ (grace). And that was just 7_____ he was most concerned about, so he went to Handan，8_______ was far away, to learn how to walk. As soon as he arrived in Handan, he learned from the children there how to walk, 9_______ he thought that the children’s walking gestures were lively.‎ He learned from the old people there how to walk, because he thought the old people's walking gestures were steady. He learned from the women there how to walk, because he thought the women's waving walking gestures were beautiful. That being the case with him, in less than half 10______ month he even forgot how to walk. As he had already used up his traveling expenses, he had to crawl.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. Lacking。因he与lack是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。‎ ‎2. at。固定短语：at a loss茫然，不知如何是好。as to 至于，关于 ‎3. As。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。‎ ‎4. felt。由上下文可知，用一般过去时。‎ ‎5. One。指其中之一，用故one of them。‎ ‎6. gracefully。修饰动词作状语，用副词gracefully。‎ ‎7. what。引导表语从句并在从句中作about的宾语，故用连接代词what。‎ ‎8. which。引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语,只能用which。‎ ‎9. because。‎ ‎10. a。搭配：half a month半个月。‎ A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.______31____water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to elder _______32____ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_____33___.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,smiled____34_____(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home____35______a happy heart.‎ After the student left, the teacher let __36___student taste the water. He spit it out,‎ 10‎ ‎ __37___(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ___38____?”‎ ‎  The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ___39___ (sweet).”‎ ‎  We understand this lesson best ____40___ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.‎ ‎10年：31题：The定冠词。‎ ‎32题：who考定语从句关系代词的用法。另，一直在怀疑elder前边是不是漏词了…这是高考题，这是高考题……33题：presented考动词时态。‎ ‎34题：warmly考词性转换，形容词变副词。35题：with考介词。“开开心心地回家了”‎ ‎36题：another让另一个学生喝这个水。考不定代词。‎ ‎37题：saying考非谓语动词用法。38题：it考代词，指物的那个。‎ ‎39题：sweeter形容词比较级的用法，“没有什么比这个更甜”，“这是最甜的水”‎ ‎40题：when。‎ One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 20 (mental) disabled.‎ Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 23 his own either.‎ After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.‎ I’m glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good.‎ later later that day那天晚些时候，常见用法，不难。‎ until 朋友陪我走到公交站台，一直等到公交车到来。‎ sitting 现在分词做宾补，表示正在进行。‎ pretended 考察时态。‎ mentally 修饰形容词，用副词。太基础。‎ whom 本句为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，表示人用whom，表示物用which，介词的选择根据动词搭配，本句为talk to they on on his own = by himself an ‎ both both of us 我们大家。‎ ‎ ‎ 10‎