高考英语常用词汇词组辨析 28页

高考常用词汇、词组辨析 ‎ ‎ 本部分将常用易混词和词组归纳为127例，进行详细的辨析，并举例说明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下这些词大部分出现在大纲词表上，考生应在学习中特别注意加以区分。 ‎ ‎（1）abroad adv. /aboard adv. /board n.&v. ‎ 前两个词是副词，词形相近，容易记混。这两个词的意思差异很大。abroad意为“在国外”；而aboard的意思是“登（机），上（车船等）”，与动词go搭配来表示登机等；最后一个词board常用来表示“登机，上船”，是动词。‎ 例：I have decided to study abroad next year. ‎ 我已决定明年去国外读书。‎ It is time to go aboard. ‎ 现在该登机了。‎ We are asked to board half an hour before departure time. ‎ 起飞前半小时之内，我们必须登机。‎ ‎（2）absorb v. /concentrate v. ‎ absorb原义为“吸收”，引申词义为“吸引（注意力，精力等）”，常用于be absorbed in sth. 表示“被……吸引住，专注于”；concentrate的意思是“集中精神，全神贯注，聚精会神”，多与on或upon连用。‎ 例：The picture absorbed my attention. ‎ 我被这幅画迷住了。‎ He found his brother absorbed in the watching of the match. ‎ 他发现弟弟在聚精会神地看比赛。‎ She tried to concentrate on her work in the university. ‎ 她试图专心致志地在大学里工作。‎ ‎（3）accomplish vt. /complete vt.&a. /achieve vt. ‎ accomplish的词义是“成功地完成每项任务”，尤其指经过一定努力后完成；complete主要指“全部完成了，没有剩下”，另外complete也是形容词，意为“完整的，完全的”；achieve与accomplish相近，指“经过努力最终达到预期的目标”。‎ 例：I knew that I had accomplished something during my first year in Beijing. ‎ 我知道在北京的第一年我已经取得了一些成就。‎ I have just completed the revision of this report. ‎ 我刚刚完成对报告的修订。‎ He went to London without having achieved any success. ‎ 他一事无成便去了伦敦。‎ ‎（4）accurate a. /correct a. /exact a. ‎ accurate的意思是“精确的，准确的”；correct的意思是“正确的，没有错误的”；exact的意思是“确切的，正好的”。‎ 例：I need an accurate figure on what we have lost in the battle. ‎ 我需要有关战事损失的准确数字。‎ This is not the correct answer to that question. ‎ 这不是那个问题的正确答案。‎ These are the exact tools those people used several thousand years ago. ‎ 这些人几千年前用的就是这种工具。‎ ‎（5）acquire v. /require v. /inquire v. ‎ 这几个词词形、发音相近，容易记混。acquire的意思是“经过自己的努力获得，习得”；require的意思是“要求”；inquire的意思是“调查，询问，打听”。‎ 例：She has acquired a new set of interests. ‎ 她现在又有了一些新的爱好。‎ The rules require us all to be present. ‎ 按规定我们都要出席。‎ Why don’t you inquire by telephone?‎ 你为什么不打电话询问一下呢？‎ ‎（6）actual a. /genuine a. /original a. /real a. /practical a. ‎ actual指“实际上”、“事实上”存在或发生的事情，或人所共知的客观事实；genuine指与真实情况“一模一样”，“名符其实”，“真心的”；original指信息或消息等“原原本本”的情况，见解等“独到而非抄袭别人”；real指“真实存在的，不是假的或捏造的；practical指从实践、实用角度讲“实事求是的，可行的，有实际经验的”。‎ 例：The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.‎ 实际的修理费用比我们预期的要低得多。‎ This ring is genuine gold. ‎ 这枚戒指是真金的。‎ This is an original play, not an adaptation.‎ 这是一本原创剧本，不是改编而成的。‎ He is just a recent graduate experiencing the real world for the first time.‎ 他只是一个刚毕业首次体验现实世界的毕业生。‎ This kind of product is worthless for all practical purposes.‎ 这种产品毫无实用价值。‎ ‎（7）adapt v. /adopt v. ‎ 这两个词拼写只差一个字母，非常容易记混。adapt的意思是“改编，改作……用，适应”；adopt是“收养，采用，采纳”。‎ 例：I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions. ‎ 我建议他要适应新的环境。‎ This play has been skillfully adapted from the original novel. ‎ 改编者很熟练地将原小说改编成一部戏剧。‎ We can adapt this old house for use as a garage. ‎ 我们可以将这座旧房改造成一个车库。‎ Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude. ‎ 她母亲采取了不赞成的态度。‎ They have decided to adopt me as their own daughter. ‎ 他们已决定收养我做女儿。‎ ‎（8）adequate a. /sufficient a. ‎ adequate常用来表示“充足的，完备的，完善的，胜任的”；sufficient则表示“在数量上是足够的，多的”。在表示充足的含义上前者更强调足够用来做某事，而后者则表示多，不缺乏。‎ 例：His wages are adequate to support these people。‎ 他的收入足以养活这些人。‎ Two pounds of orange will be sufficient for the party，don’t buy more. ‎ 两磅柑桔就够聚会用的了，不必再多买了。‎ ‎（9）administration n. /management n. ‎ 这两个名词都是与管理有关的名词。administration的主要含义是“行政管理，政府等”，而management比前者的含义广，它可以指“包括企业管理在内的各种管理，经营”，也可以指“行政管理”。‎ 例：An executive should be experienced in administration. ‎ 一个管理者应有行政管理的经验。‎ Nothing was done by the last administration. ‎ 上届政府什么事也没干。‎ The management of the business has been done very well. ‎ 这个企业管理得很好。‎ She is going to report the whole thing to the management. ‎ 她将向领导做全面汇报。‎ ‎（10）admit v. /allow v. /permit v. /approve v. ‎ 这几个词都有“同意，批准，允许”的意思，要注意区别运用。admit的意思是“同意进入，允许进入”（常与to连用）；allow泛指“一般的同意，允许”；permit常用来表示“上下级之间的允许，批准”；approve的主要意思是“批准（条文，协议等），赞同”（常与of连用）。‎ 例：This ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition. ‎ 这张展览会开幕式的入场券可允许两人入场。‎ His mother didn’t allow him to watch TV before he finished his homework. ‎ 不做完作业，他母亲不许他看电视。‎ This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages. ‎ 本州允许销售酒精类饮料。‎ Do you think my father would permit this?‎ 你认为我父亲会同意这样做吗？‎ Congress approved the budget. ‎ 国会批准了该预算。‎ I do not approve at all of his moral character. ‎ 我根本不赞同他的道德品格。‎ ‎（11）advantage n. /merit n. /virtue n. ‎ advantage的主要意思是“优势，好处”，为可数名词，常用于短语take advantage of sth.；merit的主要意思是“优点，长处，好处，可取之处”，是可数名词，也是不可数名词；virtue的主要意思是“美德，品德，优点”，主要从事物的品质或价值的角度讲优点。‎ 例：I said we could see certain advantages in a change. ‎ 我是说我们可以在改变中看到其优势。‎ He knew the merit of his work. ‎ 他了解他的工作的优点。‎ One of his virtues is that he never gets angry. ‎ 他的美德之一就是他从不生气。‎ ‎（12）affair n. /event n. /incident n. ‎ affair的意思是“有关的事，事务，活动等”，如foreign affairs（外事），也常指婚外恋；event指“每日里发生的事件，事或活动，比赛项目”；incident同event意思相近，指“事件，事”，尤指较重大的、有影响的政治事件等。‎ 例：They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran. ‎ 他们无权干涉伊朗的内政。‎ The affair remained a complete mystery. ‎ 那件事至今还是个谜。‎ The important event of the week was the big storm. ‎ 那一周中的大事就是那场大暴风雪。‎ Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children. ‎ 村里即将发生的大事，就是招待学校的孩子们和舞蹈表演。‎ Our team won the silver medal in this event. ‎ 我们队获得该项目的银牌。‎ On the very day before I left, an incident occurred.‎ 事件就发生在我要离开的当天。‎ There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s. ‎ ‎50年代两国边境发生了许多大事。‎ ‎（13）afford v. /offer v. /provide v. ‎ afford的意思是“有条件担负，支付得起”；offer的意思是“给予，提出，出价”；provide的意思是“提供，供给，为……做准备”，常与for, with一起连用。‎ 例：John can’t afford to give so much time to it. ‎ 约翰花不起这么多时间来做这件事。‎ I don’t think we’ll be able to afford any travel any more. ‎ 我想我们没钱再旅行了。‎ They were friendly and even offered assistance. ‎ 他们很友好，甚至表示愿意帮助我们。‎ Mrs. Baines offered no comment on Susan’s situation. ‎ 贝恩太太对苏珊的处境未做任何评论。‎ On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast. ‎ 周日，他的房东为他既提供早餐又提供晚餐。‎ He provided for his family by working in a factory。‎ 他靠在工厂做工来养家。‎ We must provide for the future. ‎ 我们必须为将来做好准备。‎ ‎（14）alarm n.&v. /warn n.&v. ‎ alarm的意思是“提醒，警告”，有使警觉，使做好准备的意思；warn的意思主要指“警告，告诫”，有事先告诉可能发生的事，警告说……的意思。‎ 例：There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place. ‎ 当夜，空袭警报拉响了数次，但并没有飞机来袭。‎ He warned us that the road was icy. ‎ 他警告我们说道路很滑。‎ ‎（15）alike a.&adv. / identical a. ‎ 这两个词都有长得一样，长得像的意思。alike是副词也是形容词，只做表语用；identical是形容词，意思是“同一个，完全相同”，除了作表语，也可以在名词前做定语，可用于词组be identical with。‎ 例：My brother and I are exactly alike. ‎ 我兄弟和我长得一模一样。‎ It’s the identical coat which was stolen from my wife. ‎ 这就是我妻子丢失的那件上衣。‎ Your pen is identical with mine. ‎ 你这支钢笔和我那支完全一样。‎ ‎（16）area n. /region n. /zone n. /district n. ‎ area通常用于面积可测量或计算的地区，界限明确，但不指行政区划。如：60 years ago, half French people were still living in the rural area. region常指地理上有天然界限或具有某种特色（如气候、自然条件）自成一个单位的地区。如：the Arctic regions北极地区。另外region也指较大的行政单位。如：Xinjiang Autonomous Region. zone通常指地理上的“（地）带”，尤指图表上的环形地带。如：refugees from the war zone从战争地区来的难民。district指行政划分的区，比region小，通常指市镇内的一区。如：Hai dian district海淀区 ‎（17）alive a. /live a. /vivid a. /lively a. ‎ alive指“活着的，处于工作状态的”的意思，和dead反义，常作表语。live指“有生命的”，即having life，“正处于工作状态”的意思。vivid指人的表情、故事等“生动”、“逼真”、“活泼”等。lively指人及生物等充满生机和活力，即“活泼的”、“充满生气的”。‎ ‎（18）affect v. /influence v. ‎ 这两个词都有“影响”的意思。‎ ‎1）affect vt. 作“影响”讲时可分三种情况：‎ ‎① 直接的、有形的力量作用于某事物或事件并使之发生变化。‎ 例：They try to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer. ‎ 他们施肥料以使庄稼长大。‎ ‎② 用于表示对某事物或事产生不好的影响。‎ 例：Exposure to intense light affects one’s eyes adversely. ‎ 暴露在强光之下会损害眼睛。‎ ‎③ 指对另外一个人感情上的影响，感染，感动。‎ 例：Music affects some people very strongly. ‎ 音乐对一些人有强烈的感染力。‎ He was much affected at the sad sight. ‎ 他深为这一悲伤的情景所感动。‎ ‎2）influence通常指“不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”，往往是间接的，通过说服或以实际行动树立榜样而对他人产生影响。‎ 例：He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine. ‎ 他受到一位中学教师的影响而学了医。‎ ‎（19）allowance n. /tuition n. ‎ allowance 的意思是“生活费，补贴”；tuition的意思是“学费”。‎ 例：They gave her a small allowance but didn’t pretend to like her work. ‎ 他们给她一小笔生活费，但对她的工作却不甚满意。‎ At this school the tuition is free，but you have to pay for the books you need. ‎ 这所学校免收学费，但书费要你自己负担。‎ ‎（20）amaze v. /amuse v. ‎ 这两个词词形相近，容易混。amaze的意思是“使惊愕，使惊讶”；amuse的意思是“使开心，使高兴”。这两个词用于被动式时，后而都接介词at (be amazed/amused at sth.)。‎ 例：She was amazed at the man’s sympathy with life. ‎ 这个男人对生命的同情态度让她感到很惊讶。‎ A clown’s job is to amuse the spectators. ‎ 马戏团小丑的工作就是逗观众开心。‎ ‎（21）announce v. /declare v. /claim v. ‎ announce的意思是“通知，宣布（结果，决定等）”；declare的意思是“宣布（公告，法律等），声明”；claim意为“声称，要求得到，认领”。‎ 例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song. ‎ 她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌。‎ The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations. ‎ 中美双方宣布了双边外交关系的正常化。‎ They declared martial law in the mining communities. ‎ 他们宣布对矿区实行军事管制。‎ If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?‎ 请这部相机的失主前来认领。‎ She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!‎ 她声称自己的钢琴弹得与Themelis一样棒。‎ ‎（22）annoyed a. /upset a. ‎ annoyed的意思是“不快的，恼火的”（比angry的程度要低），从生气的角度讲不高兴；upset的意思是“不高兴，难过，不舒服”，从感到别扭的角度讲不高兴。‎ 例：She was annoyed at your saying that. ‎ 你这么说让她很不自在。‎ I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come. ‎ 如果你不来，我会很不安的。‎ ‎（23）apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n. ‎ apparatus主要指“器械，装置，仪器，器官”；instrument主要指“仪器，工具，乐器”；device指“器具，装置，仪表，手段”；appliance指“器具，器械，家用电器等”。‎ 例：The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film. ‎ 摄制组的人架好机器准备开拍。‎ All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. ‎ 手术前，所有手术器械必须消毒。‎ The television receiver is an electronic device. ‎ 电视接收机是一种电子设备。‎ The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances. ‎ 厨房装备了现代化的炊事用具。‎ ‎（24）appoint v. /assign v. ‎ appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟职位一类的名词；assign的相关意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具体的工作。‎ 例：They appointed him Minister of Education. ‎ 他们任命他为教育部长。‎ She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee. ‎ 她被任命为委员会的主席。‎ The problem was assigned to a commission. ‎ 这项任务交给了一个特别委员会去处理。‎ I assign you to wash the dishes. ‎ 我分配你去洗盘子。‎ ‎（25）approach n. /method n. ‎ 这两个词都可以表示方法。approach常指“针对某一问题的解决处理方法”，后跟介词to；method泛指“任何方法”，适用范围比approach要广，后常跟介词of。‎ 例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics. ‎ 数学研究上没有什么捷径。‎ It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. ‎ 很奇怪，他们怎么会选择这种方式来打发这个晚上。‎ ‎（26）approve v. /permit v. /admit v. ‎ approve指较正式地对某种事情表示认可、赞同或批准；permit指允许、不禁止某人干某事；admit指容纳，允许进入，承认。‎ 例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.‎ 女市长批准了新建筑计划。‎ She won’t permit dogs in the house. 她不准许家中有狗。‎ He was admitted to the commission. 他被该委员会接纳。‎ ‎（27）arise v. /arouse v. ‎ arise是不及物动词，意为“发生，产生，出现”；arouse是及物动词，意为“引起，激起，唤起”。‎ 例：A democratic movement has arisen. 一场民主运动应运而生。‎ We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我们把他从睡梦中唤醒。‎ ‎（28）assemble v. /resemble v. ‎ 这两个词词形与发音相近，assemble意为“集中，集合，装配”；resemble意为“相像”。‎ 例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人们开始向月台聚集。‎ In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes. ‎ 在那家工厂，工人们不到15分种就装配好一部汽车。‎ Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways. ‎ 史密斯各方面都象他的父亲。‎ ‎（29）assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v. ‎ assure和ensure都有“保证，确保”之意。assure指十分肯定地向某人保证某事一定要发生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做宾语。ensure则强调能保证某种行为或某事件的结果一定发生。insure特指保险，替……做保险；reassure意为“使人放心，使人安心，再向……保证”。‎ 例：I assure you of the reliability of the information. ‎ 我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。‎ Ensure that it is written into your contract. ‎ 你得保证把这一点写到合同中去。‎ Is your house insured against fire?‎ 你的房子做了防火保险了吗？ ‎ The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her. ‎ 这名妇女担心服用阿司匹林会带来危险，她的医生让她放心，不会有危险的。‎ ‎（30）assess v. /access n. ‎ 这两个词词形与发音很相近，容易搞混。assess是动词，意为“评估，估价”；access是名词，意为“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介词to。‎ 例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000. ‎ 这处房产的估价为7万美元。‎ They sent someone to assess the value of the factory. ‎ 他们派人去评估那家工厂的价值。‎ The only access to the building is along the muddy track. ‎ 通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是这条泥泞的小路。‎ Only senior students have the access to this reading room. ‎ 只有高年级的同学才能进这间阅览室。‎ ‎（31）attach v. /stick v. ‎ attach的主要意思是“附加，附着”，强调附加；stick的主要意思是“粘贴，贴附于，紧贴着，固定”，强调紧密。‎ 例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes. ‎ 然后将导线接到电极的一端。‎ There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached. ‎ 每人都有一份礼物，每份礼物都附有一首得体的小诗。‎ Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope. ‎ 在信封上贴上两张邮票。‎ He stuck a rose in his buttonhole. ‎ 他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。‎ ‎（32）attribute to/owe to/due to attribute to意为“归因于，认为是……的结果”；owe to意为“……应归功于……”；due to意为“由于，因……造成，归功于”，常用作表语或状语。‎ 例：Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living. ‎ 杜德先生把自己的健康体魄归功于审慎的生活方式。‎ If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you. ‎ 如果我有所进步的话，那应该归功于你。‎ His absence was due to the storm. ‎ 由于风暴他未能出席。‎ He failed due to carelessness. ‎ 他的粗心导致了他的失败。‎ ‎（33）wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v. ‎ wake为动词，意思是“叫醒，醒来，唤醒”；awake意为“醒来，叫醒”，作形容词时意为“醒着”；waken是动词，意为“叫醒，闹醒”；awaken是动词，意为“叫醒”，多用于引申意义“觉醒，引起”‎ ‎。这四个词中最常用的是wake，尤其在口语中；awake和awaken多用其引申意义；awake常用作不及物动词；awaken/waken多用作及物动词。‎ 例：My brother wakes at seven each morning. ‎ 我弟弟每天早上7点钟醒来。‎ This at once awakened suspicion. ‎ 这马上引起了大家的怀疑。‎ When he awoke Joseph was beside him.‎ 当他醒来时，约瑟夫就在他身边。‎ The national spirit awoke. ‎ 民族精神觉醒了。‎ She gently wakened the sleeping child. ‎ 她轻轻地叫醒熟睡的孩子。‎ ‎（34）award v.&n. /prize v.&n. ‎ award作动词意为“发给……奖品等”，作名词意为“奖品，奖金等”；prize作动词意为“珍视”，作名词意为“奖品，奖金”，也可以指“宝贵的物或人”，prize还可以作形容词，意为“获奖的”。‎ 例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. ‎ 奥林匹克冠军获得了金牌的奖励。‎ They awarded him the Nobel prize. ‎ 他们为他颁发诺贝尔奖。‎ Prizes will be given for the three best stories. ‎ 三部最佳作品将获奖。‎ Jane soon became popular for a prize rose. ‎ 简因那枝获奖玫瑰而远近闻名。‎ As a secretary she was a prize. ‎ 她真是一个不可多得的秘书。‎ ‎（35）aware a. /notice v.&n. ‎ aware意为“意识到的，认识到的”，常用词组be aware of；notice意为“注意到，察觉到”，notice还可以作名词，意为“通知，注意”。‎ 例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her. ‎ 直到他跟她讲话她才注意到他的存在。‎ She is politically aware. ‎ 她很有政治头脑。‎ Did you notice anything else peculiar?‎ 你有没有注意到任何特别的东西？‎ They sent me a notice. ‎ 他们给我发了一个通知。‎ ‎（36）behave v. /conduct v. /act v. ‎ behave指人的行为、举止和表现。本为不及物动词，但用作此义时可与反身代词连用；conduct与behave在作“行为”、“举止”讲时同义，但强调自我控制、约束；act作“行为”、“举止”讲时，为不及物动词，不能和反身代词连用。‎ 例：The child behaved (himself)badly at the party.‎ 那孩子在聚会上的表现很差。‎ She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.‎ 她悲伤时，表现出奇的冷静。‎ She acts like a born leader.‎ 她的举止象个天生的领导。‎ ‎（37）blame v. /scold v. ‎ blame的意思是“责备，怪罪，埋怨”；scold的意思是“（厉声）责骂，斥责”。‎ 例：I don’t blame you, I blame myself. ‎ 我不怪你，我怪我自己。‎ He blamed his failure on his teacher. ‎ 他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。‎ Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers. ‎ 她父亲斥责她与这些兵交往太随便。‎ ‎（38）breed v. /feed v. ‎ breed意为“养殖，培育，繁殖，教养”；feed意为“喂养，饲养”。‎ 例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages. ‎ 有些动物关在笼子里就会很难繁殖。‎ Many farmers breed cows and sheep. ‎ 许多农民养牛和羊。‎ She was feeding the baby with porridge. ‎ 她正用粥喂自己的宝宝。‎ The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows. ‎ 牛群在草地上静静地吃草。‎ ‎（39）burden n. /load n. ‎ burden意为“负担，包袱，担子”，多为贬义；load意为“装载物，负荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的负担，压力”。‎ 例：They don’t want to add to the government’s burden. ‎ 他们不想给政府添包袱。‎ He was faced with the severe financial burden. ‎ 他面临着严重的财政负担。‎ The bridge has been built to support very heavy load. ‎ 建这座桥是为了使重载车也能通过。‎ The load on her mind grew lighter. ‎ 她的思想负担轻了许多。‎ ‎（40）campaign n. /champion n. ‎ 这两个词词形与发音相近，容易弄混。campaign意为“（竞选）运动，战役”；champion意为“冠军”。‎ 例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa. ‎ 德国人在北非战役中打了败仗。‎ The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy. ‎ 该党建议发起新的一轮运动来提高生产，发展经济。‎ The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him. ‎ 拳击冠军向所有其他拳击手发出挑战。‎ ‎（41）canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n. ‎ canal意为“运河等人工开凿的河流”；channel的意思是“海峡，渠道”，频道；tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。‎ 例：The big canal was completed in five years. ‎ 修建这条大运河花了5年时间。‎ The English Channel separates France from England. ‎ 英吉利海峡将英法两国隔开。‎ You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help. ‎ 如果你想得到政府的帮助，你就必须通过官方渠道。‎ The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel. ‎ 铁路经隧道从大山下面通过。‎ ‎（42）candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n. ‎ candidate意为“候选人，应征者”；applicant意为“申请人”；competitor意为“竞赛对手”；representative意为“代表”。‎ 例：This time our candidate got 260 votes. ‎ 这一次我们的候选人获得了260张选票。‎ There were three applicants for the job. ‎ 这项工作有3个人申请。‎ Tell the competitors for the next race to come here. ‎ 告诉下一项比赛的参赛者到这里来。‎ James is our representative at the meeting. ‎ 詹姆斯在会上是代表我们的。‎ ‎（43）cargo n. /commodity n. /goods n. ‎ cargo一般指“船或飞机运载的货物”；commodity意为“商品”；goods用来泛指“商品，货物等”。‎ 例：These planes can carry a cargo of six tons. ‎ 这些飞机能运载6吨货物。‎ Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad. ‎ 葡萄酒是法国向海外销售的许多商品之一。‎ The goods were brought round early this morning.‎ 今天一大早，这些货物就被带来。‎ Consumer goods production was to go up by 7 percent. ‎ 消费品生产计划增长7%。‎ ‎（44）case n. /condition n. /situation n. /occasion n. ‎ case常指事物的特定情况，事情真相和始末，如“病例”、“案件”等；condition指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态或条件，一个人的“感觉如何”；situation往往指一组情况或一些情况的综合，常译为“情况”、“形势”；occasion指特定的“时机”、“场合”、“良机”。‎ 例：All the people involved in this case must be present.‎ 所有与这起案件有关的人都必须到场。‎ Conditions in the office made concentration impossible.‎ 办公室的状况根本不可能使人专心。‎ The current international situation is not optimistic.‎ 目前的国际形势不容乐观。‎ It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion.‎ 在这种场合唱这样一首歌是不太合适的。‎ ‎（45）chance n. /opportunity n. /advantage n. /fortune n. ‎ chance着重指偶然或意外的可能，有时也指“好机会”，这时可用“opportunity”替代；opportunity着重指“好机会”，带有“适逢其时、正好便于行事”之意；advantage指有利的条件或优势；fortune指人“交好运气”，有一定迷信的色彩。‎ 例：There is a chance that I will see him these days.‎ 这几天我有可能见到他。‎ The 2008 Olympic Games will bring us many opportunities and challenges.‎ ‎2008年奥运会将给我们带来许多机遇和挑战。‎ It is to your advantage to invest wisely.‎ 明智地投资对你很有利。‎ It is also believed that fireworks will bring good fortune in the coming year.‎ 据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。‎ ‎（46）contest n. /match n. /game n. /play n. /competition n. ‎ contest指“人与人之间进行争夺以取得优胜”‎ 之意；match指对手之间进行的比赛、竞赛等力量或智慧较量，通常指具体的比赛；game指决胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则；美国称比赛为game，英国称比赛为match；play最一般用语，指通过游戏或运动达到娱乐目的文体活动；competition指对手之间以某种手段或智慧、力量等压倒对方而取胜。‎ 例：She got the first prize in a recent beauty contest.‎ ‎ 她在最近的选美比赛中夺冠。‎ A critical football match is being transmitted on CCTV 5.‎ 中央五套正在转播一场关键的足球比赛。‎ The team is preparing for taking part in the coming winter games.‎ 这支队伍正在为即将举行的冬运会做准备。‎ The school uses some methods which combine language lessens with the play.‎ 这所学校采用了某些方法，将语言课与玩耍结合起来。‎ To get the advantage in the competition, you must have enough preparation in advance. ‎ 为了在竞争中取得优势，你必须之前做好充足的准备。‎ ‎（47）carry out/perform/realize/come true/come into being carry out指把预定的计划、规则等变成现实，其意相当于fulfill；perform是do的正规说法，指“执行”、“进行”某种任务或计划等；realize指把梦想、理想、雄心等变成现实，为及物动词；come true不及物用法，指梦想、理想等随时间前进而变成现实；come into being指原来没有的事物现在“开始存在”或“产生出来”。‎ 例：It is time for us to carry out this plan. 是我们实施这个计划的时候了。‎ The surgeon performed the operation. 医师做了手术。‎ He has finally realized his dream as a writer in his childhood.‎ 他终于实现了他童年时代想成为作家的梦想。‎ His dream as a writer in his childhood comes true finally.‎ 他童年时代想成为作家的梦想终于变成了现实。‎ Recently a new anti-Japan trend has come into being.‎ 最近产生了一股新的反日倾向。‎ ‎（48）compose v. /compile v. /create v. /produce v. /conceive v. ‎ compose指把各种材料和构思编排成文章、乐曲等；compile着重指汇集资料而后加工成书籍、词典等；create着重指从无到有地进行“创造”、“创作”等；produce最一般用词，指通过一切方法“提出”或“生产”、“制造”出产品或思想成果；conceive指头脑经过思考、想像“想出”主意、办法、假设等。‎ 例：The great musician composed a wonderful musical piece during a night.‎ 这名伟大的音乐家在一夜之间就创作出了一首精美绝伦的音乐作品。‎ It will take a long time and energy to compile a dictionary.‎ 编撰一本字典要耗费很多的时间和精力。‎ create a poem 创作一首诗；create a new life 创造一个新的生命 produce a videotape 制作一个录影带；produce a car 生产汽车 The sales manager has been conceiving a plan to increase profits all the night.‎ 销售经理整晚都在构想一个增加利润的计划。‎ ‎（49）companion n. /fellow n. ‎ companion意为“同胞，伙伴，志趣相投的人”；fellow意为“同伴，同伙，家伙，一起共事的人”。‎ 例：My fellow travelers made good companions. ‎ 我的旅伴是不错的搭档。‎ The boy went to join his fellows on the playing field. ‎ 这孩了到操场上和其他小朋友玩起来。‎ ‎（50）competent a. /capable a. /qualified a. ‎ 这三个词都有可以做某事的意思，competent主要指“能胜任，称职，具有某种技能”；capable指“能干，有能力”，常用词组be capable of；qualified主要指“合格，有资格做某事”。‎ 例：Be sure to get a competent electrician for the job. ‎ 一定要找一位称职的电气工程师来做这个工作。‎ John is a very capable and very intelligent boy. ‎ 约翰是一个非常有能力、非常聪明的孩子。‎ I don’t believe she is capable of winning the game. ‎ 我不相信她有能力赢得这项比赛。‎ I am a qualified doctor, who will not hurt you. ‎ 我是位合格的医生，不会伤害你的。 ‎ ‎（51）component n. /element n. ‎ component意为“部件，元件，成分”，强调每部分是独立的、与其他不同的个体；element意为“元素，成分，要素”，强调每部分为最小的、不可再分的元素或单元。‎ 例：The engine has more than 300 components, made of a number of different materials. ‎ 这部引擎有300多个不同材料制成的零件。‎ Carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound. ‎ 碳是一种元素，二氧化碳是一种化合物。‎ Honesty, industry, and kindness are elements of a good life. ‎ 诚实、勤劳和善良是美好生活的要素。‎ ‎（52）conserve v. /reserve v. /preserve v. ‎ conserve意为“保存，保护，节约”；reserve意为“保留，预定”；preserve意为“保存，保持，腌制，防腐”。‎ 例：We must conserve our woodlands for future generations. ‎ 我们必须为子孙后代保护好我们的林地。‎ I reserve the right to make my own decisions. ‎ 我保留自己做决定的权利。‎ I reserved a table for four at Newland restaurant. ‎ 我在新大陆餐馆定了一张四人桌。‎ A commission was set up to preserve historical houses in the city. ‎ 成立了一个委员会来保护城里的那些历史建筑。‎ Policemen preserve order in the streets. ‎ 警察在街上维持秩序。‎ Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold. ‎ 鱼在出售前一直存放在冰和盐当中。‎ ‎（53）convert v. /transform v. ‎ convert意为“改变，转变（信仰等）”，主要指把事物从一种状态改变为另一种状态，使其有了新的用途或特征；transform意为“变形，改变”，主要指外形，外表上的改变。‎ 例：These machines convert cotton into cloth. ‎ 这些机器将棉花变成布。‎ Many Africans were converted to Christianity. ‎ 许多非洲人皈依了基督教。‎ He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting room. ‎ 他把一间旧厨房改造成一间美丽的客厅。‎ ‎（54）convince v. /persuade v. ‎ convince意为“说服，使相信”；persuade意为“劝人做，使同意做，使相信”。‎ 例：I am not quite convinced by what he has said. ‎ 他的话还不足以让我信服。‎ He convinced me that Howard was innocent. ‎ 他使我相信霍华德是无辜的。‎ She persuaded Shelley to adopt a new job. ‎ 她劝告雪莉接受新的工作。‎ She persuaded him that she was telling the truth. ‎ 她使他确信她说的是实情。 ‎ ‎（55）crash v. /crush v. /smash v. ‎ crash指“车辆、飞机等的碰撞”；crush指“轧碎，辗碎”；smash指“打碎，摔碎”。‎ 例：I dropped the plate and it smashed. ‎ 我失手将盘子掉在地上摔碎了。‎ One of his legs was crushed in an accident. ‎ 他的一条腿在车祸中轧断了。‎ The airplane crashed into a house. ‎ 那架飞机撞到了一所民宅上。‎ ‎（56）danger n. /risk n. /hazard n. ‎ 这三个词都可以用来表示危险。danger意为“面临危险的可能性或实际存在的危险，灾害”；risk与danger相比，意味着更多的遭受损失或失败的可能性，常用来指“有风险，冒着风险做某事”；hazard较danger更正式，多指“无法预见，无法控制的危险”。‎ 例：They held a discussion to reduce the danger of military confrontation between the two nations. ‎ 他们开会讨论了如何降低两国间发生军事冲突的危险。‎ There is a risk of you catching cold. ‎ 你有患感冒的危险。‎ The disease is spreading and all children under 5 are at risk. ‎ 这种病正在蔓延，5岁以下的儿童都有染上该病的危险。‎ Icy road is a hazard to all the drivers, especially the green hand. ‎ 结冰的公路对所有的司机来说都是一种危险，对新手来说尤其如此。‎ ‎（57）decline v. /reduce v. /decrease v. ‎ decline指“数量、质量、重要性等慢慢减弱，下降，衰退的过程”；reduce多指“范围、强度、数量的减少，降低”，强调结果，主语往往是人；decrease意为“减少，降低”，强调减少，衰退的过程。‎ 例：During the crisis years the production of coal declined 41.6 percent. ‎ 经济危机期间煤产量降低了41.6%。‎ We have reduced the price of the coat from $100 to $50. ‎ 我们将这款外套的价格从100美元降到了50美元。‎ Water consumption decreased during the winter. ‎ 冬天耗水量下降了。‎ ‎（58）defect n. /fault n. /mistake n. /error n. ‎ 这四个词容易弄混，实际上可分为两组：defect, fault指毛病、缺点；mistake和error指错误。defect指表面上的缺陷或人或物本质上的缺点，尤指生产品所存在的缺陷，着重指由于某种欠缺而影响到产品的质量，以致完全妨碍了某种功能的发挥。fault侧重于造成错误的个人责任，还可指人或物的缺点。fault指物时，特指缺乏某种要素而不完善，有毛病，过失。mistake指错误，由于有缺陷的判断，知识不足或粗心造成的失误或错误。error指错误，比较正式，常用于表现无意识地偏离正确的行为、主张或信念。 ‎ 例：The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it. 这台机器因为有毛病，不安全。‎ He suffers from a hearing defect. 他听觉有毛病。‎ 例：There is a small electrical fault in the motor. 马达里的电路上有个小毛病。‎ He could never accept the fact that he had been at fault. 他无法接受自己有错这个事实。‎ 例：This mistake was made entirely through your fault. 这个错误完全归咎于你。‎ The waiter made a mistake over the bill. 服务员把账算错了。‎ Your paper is full of spelling mistakes. 你的论文拼写错误很多。‎ It is a mistake to leave my camera at home.‎ 把摄像机留在家里真是失策。‎ Professor Zhang found a technical error in your paper.‎ 张教授在你的论文中发现了一个技术性的错误。‎ The accident was the result of human error.‎ 这事故是人为的错误造成的。‎ ‎（59）despair n.&v. /desperate a. ‎ despair是名词和动词，意为“沮丧，绝望，灰心丧气等”，常与in一起搭配；desperate是形容词，意为“绝望的，迫切的，不顾后果的”。‎ 例：Susan cried loudly in despair. ‎ 苏珊绝望地失声痛哭。‎ Don’t despair, things will get better soon. ‎ 别灰心，情况很快就会好转的。‎ He was desperate after the failure of his last attempt. ‎ 最后一次尝试失败后，他绝望了。‎ The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. ‎ 囚犯们不顾一切地企图越狱逃跑。‎ ‎（60）deserve v. /justified a. /reasonable a. ‎ deserve是动词，意为“应当享受……，值得……，应当（受到）……”；justified为“有道理的，正当的”；reasonable意为“合情合理的，公道的，公平的”。‎ 例：Mary really deserves a long holiday after two weeks’ work on end. ‎ 玛丽连续工作了两个星期，她的确应享受一次长假。‎ I’m perfectly willing to pay reasonable price. ‎ 我非常愿意为一个合理的价格付款。‎ The editor is justified in refusing your lousy report. ‎ 你这份报导写得真糟糕，编辑当然要拒发了。‎ ‎（61）distinguish v. /identify v. ‎ distinguish意为“区分，识别”，多与from，between等介词连用；identify意为“认出，识别出”。前者强调区分两个事物的差异，而后者多指从中认出，证明（是谁，是什么）。‎ 例：It was difficult to distinguish anything in the dark. ‎ 黑暗中很难辨清物体。‎ Can you distinguish cotton cloth from nylon?‎ 你能分清棉布和尼龙制品吗？‎ Could you identify your bicycle among a hundred others?‎ 你能从100辆车中认出自己的自行车吗？‎ Fred identified the bag as his by telling what it contained. ‎ 弗雷德讲出了包内存放物，从而认领了自己的包。‎ ‎（62）discover n. /invent n. /conceive n. /devise n. ‎ discover指首次“发现”原来早已存在的事物；invent指根据某种原理首次“研制”、“创造”、“发明”某种新东西；conceive构想出某种主意、方案或计划，着重指用脑筋设想、想像；devise着重指从多种可能性中反复研磨、试验，想出某种计划或设计出新东西。‎ 例：Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。‎ Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机？‎ He is conceiving a new novel. 他正在构思一部新的小说。‎ The man devised a new system for handling mails after experimenting many times.‎ 这个人在经过反复实验后设计出了一种新的信件处理系统。‎ ‎（63）disturb v. /bother v. /interrupt v. ‎ disturb意为“打扰，扰乱，使不安”‎ ‎，多用被动语态，指程度较深的烦恼，甚至心理方面的失常；bother意为“打扰，麻烦，费心”，常指暂时的，无关紧要的闲扰，在主动语态中bother有“有意打扰”的含义；interrupt意为“打断，使中断”。例如：‎ The child continually disturbed the class. ‎ 这个孩子不断地扰乱课堂秩序。‎ Emotionally disturbed children need special care and treatment. ‎ 情感失调的孩子需要特别的关怀和治疗。‎ I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time?‎ 对不起，打扰你了，请问几点了？‎ Don’t bother about meeting me. ‎ 不必费心来见我。‎ It is not polite to interrupt a speaker. ‎ 打断别人的讲话很不礼貌。‎ He interrupted his work to answer the question. ‎ 他中断了自己的工作来回答问题。‎ ‎（64）diversity n. /variety n. ‎ diversity是不可数名词，有时作单数用，前面可加冠词a，意为“多种多样”，多指从总体的角度看里面包含着很多不同的东西；variety既是可数名词也是不可数名同，作为不可数名词时，意为“各种各样”，多指从个体的角度看每个个体都与其他不同，不单调，有变化。‎ 例：Mary has a great diversity of interests；she likes sports, travel and photography. ‎ 玛丽兴趣广泛，她喜欢体育运动、旅游和摄影。‎ What the students requested most often was variety within the lesson hour. ‎ 学生们最经常的要求就是课堂上要花样翻新。‎ ‎（65）durable a. /permanent a. /perpetual a. /long-lasting a.‎ durable指衣物的经久耐用或友谊、和平或品德等经得起考验的性质；permanent指永久不变的，如“永久的”住宅、地址或职业等；long-lasting指事物的旷日持久、历时已久的性质。‎ 例：a durable fabric 耐穿织物；a durable friendship 持久的友谊 The universal human are yearning for a permanent peace.‎ 全人类都在渴望实现一种永恒的和平。‎ Solving the pollution problem is a long-lasting battle.‎ 解决污染问题是一场旷日持久的战役。‎ ‎（66）environment n. /surroundings n. ‎ surroundings 指一个人四周的生活环境，是从周围事物这一客观着眼。environment指包括空气、水、人类等在内的生态环境、自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。‎ 例：The guest house stands in picturesque surroundings. 宾馆四周环境优美如画。‎ Everyone prefers to live in clean and comfortable surroundings•‎ 人人都愿意生活在清洁舒适的环境中。‎ A child’s character is greatly influenced by his home environment. ‎ 孩子的性格受家庭影响很大。‎ ‎（67）examination n. /investigation n. /inspection n. ‎ examination一般用词，可指粗略的察看或对事物的细节也进行细致的考察；investigation指对某一事件、案件进行的从头至尾的调查研究；inspection强调按照确定的标准对事物进行的检验、视察。‎ 例：When shall we receive the examination results? (= exam)‎ 我们什么时候可以收到考试结果？‎ a medical examination体格检查 The police investigation will take weeks.‎ 警察的调查将进行几个星期。‎ The mayor made an inspection of the school.‎ 市长视察了这所学校。‎ ‎（68）extend v. /expand v. /expend v. /stretch v. /spread v. /scatter v. ‎ extend意为“延伸，扩展，伸出”；expand意为“张开，展开，膨胀”；expend意为“用掉，耗费掉”；stretch指把某样东西变长，通常不是加长，而是用拉伸的方法使之变长；spread指使某物摊开、展开或消息等向四面八方传播开；scatter指把种子、垃圾或其他碎物撒开。‎ 例：She extended both hands towards her mother. ‎ 她向母亲伸出双臂。‎ The road extends for miles. ‎ 这条路绵延数英里。‎ He expanded his short story into a novel. ‎ 他将自己的一篇短篇小说扩展为一部长篇小说。‎ Metal expands by heating. ‎ 金属加热后会延展。‎ They had expended a great amount of time on the project. ‎ 他们在这项工程上耗费了许多时间。‎ He tried to stretch the banner between two poles. 他努力把旗在两杆之间拉直。‎ spread her fingers张开手指；spread the news 传播消息 We spread the bicycle parts out on the floor.‎ 我们将自行车零件在地板上摊开。‎ The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens.‎ 农民把谷子撒在院子里喂鸡。‎ ‎（69）feeling n. /emotion n. /passion n. ‎ 均可表示“感情”。feeling泛指一般的情绪，在心理学上特指受到外界刺激所产生的感觉。emotion指受到刺激所产生的喜怒哀乐等激动情绪。passion指往往不能自持的极强烈的情绪，如强烈的愤怒、爱好、恋情、情欲等。‎ 例：a feeling of happiness幸福感；a feeling of shame羞愧感 His voice was choked with emotion. 他激动得说不出话来。‎ My current passion is to play chess. 我现在的激情是下棋。‎ ‎（70）fragment n. /segment n. ‎ fragment意为“片段，碎片”，强调不完整，碎的概念；segment意为“瓣，事物（如网）的一段等”，突出一部分的概念。‎ 例：She dropped the bowl on the floor, and it broke into fragments. ‎ 她失手将碗掉在地板上摔成碎片。‎ He overheard fragments of their conversation.‎ 他偷听到他们谈话的一些片段。‎ An orange is easily pulled apart into its segments.‎ 我们可以很容易地把桔子剥成一瓣一瓣的。‎ The shaded part is a segment of the circle.‎ 阴影部分是圆的一部分。‎ ‎（71）gather v. /assemble v. /collect v. ‎ gather指把东西集中在一起或把人召集在一起。assemble指装配，集合，聚集。这个词表明所涉及的人或物有确定的通常是紧密的联系，表示涉及的人是出于共同的兴趣或目的而聚集。collect指为了特定的目的把东西经过仔细挑选后收集起来。‎ 例：A group of students gathered in front of the administration building.‎ 一群学生聚集在行政大楼前面。‎ assemble the jury召集陪审团；assemble a machine装配机器 collect antiques收集古物；collect stamps集邮 ‎（72）glimpse v.&n. /glance v.&n. ‎ glimpse意为“瞥见一眼”，有时表示一点点，多从结果的角度讲，常用于短语get a glimpse of/catch a glimpse of; glance意为“很快地看一眼，一瞥”，多从动作的角度讲，常与at连用，词组为at a glance, glance through/over。‎ 例：We glimpsed the field through the trees. ‎ 透过树丛我们瞥了一眼田野。‎ We caught a glimpse of his face as he ran past. ‎ 他从我们身边跑过时，我们看了一眼他的长相。‎ I knew a glimpse of truth. ‎ 我了解一些真相。‎ I had a glimpse of his true feelings when I saw how worried he was. ‎ 当我看到他是如此着急时，我隐约意识到一点他的真实情感。‎ I took a glance at the book. ‎ 我飞快地浏览了一下这本书。‎ She glanced quickly at them all. ‎ 她很快地扫了他们一眼。‎ ‎（73）ignore v. /neglect v. ‎ ignore意为“漠视，不理睬”；neglect意为“忽视，遗漏，疏忽”。‎ 例：Ann ignored her friend’s confusion. ‎ 安娜不理睬她的朋友现在迷惑不解的样子。‎ The boy was so rude that we decided to ignore him.‎ 那个男孩太粗鲁，我们决定不去理睬他。‎ You’re neglecting your work. ‎ 你工作太不上心了。‎ I’ve neglected to clean your room this morning. ‎ 今天早上我忘记打扫你的房间了。‎ ‎（74）ill a. /sick a. /faint v. ‎ ill指“不健康”，“坏”；英语用ill作表语当“生病”讲，美国则用sick。sick作“生病”讲，美国更常用，此外，常指“恶心”、“想呕吐”、“讨厌”等意。faint指“头晕”、“失神无力”。‎ 例：The child has been ill-treated in the orphan house.‎ 这孩子在孤儿院里一直受虐待。‎ ill effects副作用 She feels sick in buses. 她在公共汽车上觉得很恶心。‎ She fainted because of the heat. 她热昏过去了。‎ ‎（75）equipment n. /facility n. /appliance n. /instrument n. ‎ equipment指成套的装备，设备，器具；facility指服务性的设施或为使主要设备工作方便而造的辅助设备；appliance指用于特定目的的工具，器具或家用器具等；instrument指科研、实验仪器或乐器等。‎ 例：office equipment 办公室设备；travel equipment旅行设备 public facilities公共设施；health care facilities. 医疗保健设施 household appliances家用电器 musical instrument乐器；optical instrument光学仪器 ‎（76）imply v. /suggest v. /infer v. ‎ imply指暗含某种意思而不明言的“暗示”；suggest指用间接的、旁敲侧击的办法表示出自己的看法；infer表示推断, 指由证据或根据得出结论或由特定情况推测。‎ 例：Silence sometimes implies consent. 沉默有时暗指同意。‎ His erect and careless attitude suggested assurance and power.‎ 他直截了当和粗心的态度让人想到确信和力量。‎ I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.‎ 我从你信中推想，你还没有下决心。‎ ‎（77）initiate v. /launch v. /start v. /set off initiate用在较正式的场合，表示“发起”、“提议”，口语可用begin替代；launch指公开地有一定声势地“发起”或“开始, ”某项事业或运动；start指事物从静止状况开始运动，或开始某种实际活动等；set off常指“动身”、“出发”或“引起”某种突然的行动。‎ 例：The two countries initiated their trade with each other until recently.‎ 直到最近两国之间才开始贸易往来。‎ The organization launched a campaign to support environmental protection.‎ 该组织发起了一项运动来支持环境保护。‎ It is three years since he started his studies in the college.‎ 自从他开始在那所大学学习已经是三年了。 ‎ What else should we do before we set off ?‎ 在我们动身前还有其他什么要做的吗？‎ ‎（78）intend v. /volunteer v. /offer v. /attempt v. ‎ intend指内心中具有某种尚不明确的意向或决定，即“意欲”、“想要”干什么；volunteer强调出自个人内心的自觉自愿的行动；offer指主动地向对方提出建议、给予奉献或帮助等；attempt指尝试采取某种行动以观察是否能够成功，暗指对其行动的结果缺乏成功的把握。‎ 例：I intend to go shopping this weekend.‎ Many Chinese college students volunteer to be a teacher in remote and poor area.‎ 许多中国大学生志愿到边远贫困地区支教。‎ He offered us his help, which made us grateful.‎ 他主动提出给我们帮助，让我们很感动。‎ The criminal attempted to escape, but he failed.‎ 那名罪犯企图逃跑，但是没有得逞。‎ ‎（79）merge v. /combine v. /join v. /unite v. ‎ merge指数家公司或商行合并为一家；或使原来的事物在新事物中消失或被吞没；combine指把原来的事物结合起来成为新的统一体；join指把一些东西结合在一起，或连接在一起；unite与combine相近，尤指把各种力量团结成一个整体，侧重于结合起来的人或物的协调性或一致性。‎ 例：Lately two big software companies has merged, which has aroused wide media concern. ‎ 最近两家大的电脑公司合并，引起了媒体的广泛关注。‎ The two principal political parties have combined to form a government.‎ 两个主要政党已经联合起来组成政府。‎ The children joined hands. 孩子们拉起手来。‎ We must unite together in order to realize our common purposes. ‎ 为了共同的目标我们必须团结起来。‎ ‎（80）memorize v. /remember v. /remind v. /reflect v. ‎ memorize指有目的地记忆一些东西的内容；remember指在头脑中保存着某一事物或印象，加以思索，即可想出；remind指使人回想起某人某事，或提醒某人让他记住某事；reflect指仔细思索记忆中的往事，意为“反省”、“细想”。‎ 例：The computer can memorize and deal with millions of data.‎ 这台计算机能够存储并处理数百万个数据。‎ Do you remember to lock the door?‎ 记着锁门了吗？‎ These photos remind me of my college life.‎ 这些照片使我回想起我的大学时光。‎ You should often reflect the mistakes you have made.‎ 你应该经常反省一下自己曾经犯过的错误。‎ ‎（81）migrant n. /emigrant n. /immigrant n. ‎ 这三个词都与移居者有关，由于前缀不同，含义不同：migrant移民，immigrant移入者，即入境移民。emigrant是ex的变体（=out）：移出者，即出境移民，指自本国移居他国者。‎ ‎（82）only a. /sole a. / single a. / unique a. ‎ only常用词，指“惟一的”，含“不会再多”之意；sole语气比 only 强，也较庄严，指“单独的”，即“一类中只有这一个”；single强调“单个的，单一的”；unique指“独一无二的”、“无可匹敌的”。‎ 例：This is the only solution to our current difficulty.‎ 这是解决我们目前的困难的惟一的办法。‎ The court has the sole right to decide.‎ 法庭拥有独有的决定权。‎ a single room单人间；a single bed单人床 That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.‎ 那座建筑很独特，因为所有像它那样的其他建筑都毁坏了。‎ ‎（83）original a. /creative a. ‎ 除了其他意思之外，这两个词都有“创造”的含义。original强调“原创的”，比creative的含义窄一些，突出发源地的概念，原创的概念；creative强调“创造，有创造性”，突出从无到有的创造过程。‎ 例：The masses have boundless creative power. ‎ 人民大众有着无穷的创造力。‎ James was one of the most creative writers. ‎ 詹姆斯是最有创造性的作家之一。‎ He found it hard to form an original opinion.‎ 他觉得很难有新意。‎ She won an award for the most original design.‎ 她获得了最佳创意设计奖。‎ ‎（84）particular a. /special a.‎ particular意为“特殊的，特别的，某一特定的”，强调相对general而言的特定性，有时可与specific互换使用；special意为“专门的，特殊的，独特的”，含有不寻常，不一般的意思。‎ 例：That particular house is very nice，although the rest of them are not.‎ 其他的房子都不怎么样，就那所房子非常不错。‎ I have something very particular to tell you.‎ 我有事要专门对你讲。‎ Tonight is a special occasion and we have something very special for dinner.‎ 今晚是个不寻常的时刻，我们的晚餐也很特别。‎ ‎（85）possession n. /procession n.‎ 这两个词词形与发音相近，易混淆。possession意为“占有，拥有，财物”；procession意为“行进，行列”，常与in一起用。‎ 例：Possession of wealth does not necessarily bring happiness.‎ 有钱不一定会给人带来快乐。‎ The stupid old man soon lost all his possessions.‎ 那个笨老头很快就把他的财产丢光了。‎ The workers marched in procession to the president’s office.‎ 工人们列队向总裁的办公室走去。‎ The wedding procession moved slowly down the aisle.‎ 婚礼的队伍在过道间缓慢走过。‎ ‎（86）principal a.&n. /principle n.‎ 这两个词发音与词形相近，很容易搞混。principal作形容词意为“主要的，首要的”‎ ‎，作名词时意为“校长，本金”；principle为名词，意为“原则，原理”。‎ 例：He has been the principal singer of our troop.‎ 他是我们团的主唱。‎ Those are the principal points I want to explain to everybody.‎ 这些便是我要向大家解释的要点。‎ She has been the principal of this school for ten years.‎ 她已经在这所学校里当了10年校长。‎ What he said is against my principle.‎ 他的话与我的原则相悖。‎ ‎（87）range n. /scale n. /scope n.‎ range意为“距离，范围”；scale意为“规模，等级”；scope的含义较窄，意思是“范围，机会”。‎ 例：The transmitter has a range of 10,000 miles.‎ 发射机的发射范围是方圆1万英里。‎ We teach the full range of ball room dances.‎ 我们教授所有的交谊舞。‎ On a scale of 1 to 10 how do you rate his performance?‎ 如果用1到10给他打分的话，你给他的表演打几分？‎ The scale of the pollution problem was much worse than scientists had predicted.‎ 污染的规模大大超过了科学家先前的预测。‎ The politics of the country is really beyond the scope of a tourist book like this.‎ 国家的政策问题的确超出了象这样一本旅游书的内容范围。‎ ‎（88）recent a. /current a.‎ recent意为“最近，新近的”；current意为“当前的，现时的”。‎ 例：The bicycle is a recent purchase.‎ 这辆自行车是最近才买的。‎ Of these recent magazines, only one is still current.‎ 这些近期杂志中只有一本是当月的。‎ The current fashions are more casual than those in the 90s.‎ 现在的时尚比90年代的时尚更要随意。‎ They talked about the current events when they met again that night.‎ 那晚他们见面时谈了一些时事。‎ ‎（89）remind sb. of/warn sb. of/remember sb. to sb.‎ 这三个词组都有向某人提及某事的意思。warn sb. of sth. 语气最严肃。常指“警告某人有某种危险，要某人不要做某事，等等。remind sb. of指要某人想起某事，重申其重要性或认为值得记起。remember sb. to sb. 指求某人代自己向某人问好。‎ 例：Please keep in mind what the teacher warns you of. 请记住老师警告你的话。‎ This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.‎ 这家旅馆使我想起我们去年住过的那家。‎ Don’t forget to remember me to Lyle when you see her, please.‎ 见丽莉时别忘了替我向她问好。‎ ‎（90）resident n. /inhabitant n.‎ 两个词都有居民的含义，resident多指“住在大楼、公寓等住所的住户或城市居民”，inhabitant多指“居住在某一地区的居民”。‎ 例：The inhabitants of this tropical island are very friendly.‎ 这个热带岛国的居民对人很友好。‎ The residents of the town are proud of its new library.‎ 城里的居民都为他们的新图书馆感到骄傲。‎ Only resident can drink in the hotel bar.‎ 旅店酒吧只对住店客人开放。‎ ‎（91）resist v. /oppose v.‎ resist意为“反抗，抵抗，顶住”；oppose意为“反对”，常出现在习语be opposed to中，表示“反对，违反，相反”。‎ 例：The nation was unable to resist the invasion.‎ 这个国家无法抵御入侵。‎ No boy can resist the temptation of video games.‎ 男孩子很难抵御电子游戏的诱惑。‎ He opposed the idea immediately.‎ 他马上表示反对这个想法。‎ This sort of thing is utterly opposed to all my principles.‎ 这种事完全违反我的原则。‎ ‎（92）security n. /safety n.‎ security意为“安全，保卫”，较safety正式，多指安全感，国家、社会的安全；safety指“处于安全状态，没有危险”，具体指人身、货物等的安全。‎ 例：For security reasons the passengers have to be searched.‎ 出于安全原因，对所有乘客都要进行检查。‎ The captain is responsible for the safety of the ship.‎ 船长对船只的安全负责。‎ ‎（93）see v. / catch sight of /spot v. /recognize v.‎ see指经过有意识地使用视觉器官才能“看到”，另外多指明白，理解；catch sight of是指被看到的东西进入了眼帘，而不是有意识地去使用视觉器官，可译为“瞥见”；spot指从人群中或同类事物中认出一个；recognize指认出，认识到是以前曾见过的事物。‎ 例：We must give the image of what we actually see.‎ 我们一定会对我们看到过的东西留下印象。‎ I caught sight of him when the thief ran into the shop.‎ 当那个贼跑进那家商店时我瞥见了他。‎ She spotted his husband in the crowd.‎ 她从人群中认出了她的丈夫。‎ I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.‎ 虽然我有10年没看到彼得了，但我认出了他。‎ ‎（94）show v. /demonstrate v. /express v. /indicate v.‎ show最常用词，指被别人看见或把某物指给别人看，教别人如何做。demonstrate正式用词，在展示、表明事情是如何做时可与show通用，但不作“被看见”讲。express指通过语言或表情，表达出自己的想法和要求。indicate指通过信号或标志，指示出方向、意图或要求等。‎ 例：I will show you how to use this computer.‎ 我来给你演示如何使用这台计算机。‎ The technician demonstrated the laws of physics with laboratory equipment.‎ 该技术员用实验装置演示了物理定律。‎ I can’t express my gratitude too much.‎ 无论怎样都不足以表达我对你的谢意。‎ She indicated her approval with a nod. 她点头表明同意。‎ ‎（95）slow v. /postpone v. /delay v.‎ slow含有速度有意减慢的意思；postpone指把应做的某种事务搁在一边，意即延搁，或是将原定的事推迟、延期；delay常指由于难以克服的障碍而将某事耽搁或延迟。‎ 例：The driver slowed the car before coming to a full stop. ‎ 司机在车完全停下来之前先减慢车速。‎ We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.‎ 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。‎ The bus was delayed by a cloudburst.‎ 由于大暴雨，公共汽车来迟了。‎ ‎（96）special a. /particular a. /peculiar a. /specific a.‎ special指与普通的、平常的、一般的东西在某些方面不相像；particular指一类人或事物中特定的、特殊的、独一无二的一个，还可指挑剔的；peculiar指稀奇古怪，与正常的情况、表现相比而使人奇怪罕见；specific指针对某一用途、某种疾病等有特殊作用或特殊效果的。‎ 例：a special occasion特殊场合；a special treat 特别的款待 She has a particular preference for Chinese art.‎ 她对中国艺术有特别的爱好。‎ Our history teacher has always been a little peculiar.‎ 我们的历史老师总是有点古怪。‎ a specific remedy for cancer 治疗癌症的特效药；‎ a specific answer 具体明确的答案 ‎（97）spoil v. /ruin v. /damage v. /break v.‎ spoil指由于缺乏管教或长者的过分溺爱而“娇惯坏”等；ruin指由于娇惯或纵欲的结果把某人“毁掉”；damage指损害，造成损失或通过陷害之类手段有意“毁坏”某人的名声或健康；break指身心受到摧残而失去勇气、信心等。‎ 例：The child is spoiled by the excessive love from his grandparents.‎ 爷爷奶奶过分的爱把这孩子惯坏了。‎ I was ruined by that law case.‎ 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。‎ The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.‎ 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。‎ The case damaged greatly the reputation of the official.‎ 这件案子使那名政府官员的名誉大大受损。‎ The sudden bankrupt of his company broke him heavily.‎ 公司的突然破产使他遭受了严重的打击。‎ ‎（98）stable a. /steady a.‎ stable意为“稳定，牢固的”；steady意为“稳固的，平稳的”。‎ 例：The chair isn’t very stable.‎ 这把椅子不太结实。‎ He finally built a stable business operation.‎ 他终于建立起稳固的商业运作体系。‎ The table isn’t steady.‎ 这张桌子不太稳。‎ He is making steady progress in his work.‎ 他的工作正蒸蒸日上。‎ ‎（99）stress n. /emphasis n.‎ stress作名词的意思是“重点；紧张，压力”；emphasis意为“强调，重点”。表示强调时两个词在口语中常可互换使用。‎ 例：He puts the emphasis on discipline in his teaching.‎ 他在教学中十分强调纪律。‎ Quite clearly the emphasis was on reading skills in our English classes.‎ 很清楚，我们的英语课重点是阅读技能。‎ Her parents always put a lot of stress on good table manner.‎ 她的父母总是强调进餐时的礼貌举止。‎ The stresses of work made her ill.‎ 工作的压力使她病倒了。‎ ‎（100）vacation n. /vocation n.‎ 这两个词的词形与发音相近，容易搞混。vacation的意思是“假期，假日”；vocation的意思是“职业”。‎ 例：I think I’ll take a vacation this weekend.‎ 我想这个周末我将去度假。‎ A doctor’s vocation is medicine.‎ 医生是以行医为职业的。‎ ‎（101）verify v. /witness v. /prove v. /confirm v.‎ verify强调通过目击者证言或查对数据“证实”、“证明”某事物的确切性；witness指目击，见证，提供证据，作证；prove指通过经验或实验证明事物的确切性或原理的可靠性；confirm指通过正式的手续“批准”或“确认”某种选择或看法。‎ 例：The police have collected large quantities of evidences to verify their suspicion.‎ 警方已经收集了大量的证据来证明他们的怀疑。‎ The little girl witnessed that the criminal murdered the woman.‎ 那个小女孩目睹了该罪犯谋杀了那个妇女。‎ He has proved his courage in battle. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。‎ Please confirm your telephone message by writing to me.‎ 请给我来封信，好进一步证实你在电话中传达的消息。‎ ‎（102）victory n. /prize n. /reward n. /triumph n.‎ victory指战争或比赛中获得的胜利，特别是指敌人或者对手的最终失败；prize指对比赛获胜者或因创立某种业绩而颁发的奖、奖赏、奖金等；reward指因某人做了好事而给予的报答、酬谢或赏金；triumph指在战争或竞争中取得的辉煌胜利或由之而产生的胜利感。‎ 例：They finally got the final victory in that battle after a 7-day struggle.‎ 经过7天的奋战，他们终于获得了那场战役的最终胜利。‎ The boy got the first prize in the speech contest.‎ 这个男孩在演讲比赛中得了一等奖。‎ The man obtained a reward of $900 from the police for catching the criminal.‎ 这名男子因抓获罪犯而从警方那里得到了900美元的酬金。‎ If a man has a talent and learns how to make full use of it, he has gloriously succeeded, and won a triumph few men ever know.‎ 如果一个人具有才干并学会了如何充分利用它，他已经大大的成功了，并获得了只有极少数人才知道的成功。‎ ‎（103）wander v. /wonder v.‎ 这两个词词形与发音相近，容易混淆。wander意为“游荡，漫游”；wonder意为“想知道，感到奇怪”。‎ 例：We wandered all over the countryside.‎ 我们在乡下到处游荡。‎ I wonder what they call these flowers.‎ 我不知道他们管这些花叫什么。‎ I wonder that he wasn’t injured in the accident.‎ 我真没想到在事故中他居然毫发无损。‎ ‎（104）warning n. /remark v.&n. /notice v.&n. /advertisement n. /announcement n.‎ warning指为避免某种不良后果出现及时发出的的警告；remark指对人或事发出的有见解性的评论或观后感；notice指较为正式的官方通告、通报或对不熟悉情况者发出的警告；advertisement指发布广告或大肆宣扬；announcement指宣告，发表，公告，使公开知道的行为。‎ 例：Because of her warning, I was careful.‎ 由于她的提醒，我很小心。‎ It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people.‎ 对别人的外表评头论足是粗鲁的。‎ The school put us on notice for chronic lateness.‎ 因经常迟到学校将我们的名字公布在公告栏上。‎ The company made many advertisements on TV and radio to publicize their new products.‎ 这家公司在电视和广播上做了很多广告来宣传他们的新产品。‎ He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath. ‎ 他屏息静气地等待宣布竞赛结果。‎ ‎（105）worth a. /worthy a. /worthwhile a. /valuable a.‎ worth多作表语用，指对某一用途有特殊价值的或相当于多少价值，后接doing；worthy指有价值的、配得上的、与……相符相称的，除在书面语体中用作定语外，一般作表语，后接of doing；worthwhile指值得花时间去研究或付诸实施的；valuable指某物具有实用性方面、交换方面或其他方面的价值、意即“有价值的”、“贵重的”。‎ 例：I don’t think this book is worth reading twice.‎ 我认为这本书不值得看两遍。‎ This novel is worthy of wide concern from the media/being widely noticed by the media.‎ 这部小说值得媒体给予广泛的关注。‎ Do you think it is worthwhile to spend so much money carrying out this project?‎ 你认为花这么多钱来实施这个项目值得吗？‎ valuable information重大的消息；valuable advice重要的建议 ‎（106）a few/a little 两个词组都表示“少许，一些”。a few与可数名词一起用；a little多与不可数名词一起用。‎ 例：A few people know it.‎ 有几个人知道。‎ Don’t worry, you still have a little time.‎ 别担心，你还有一点时间。‎ ‎（107）a great deal/a great many 两个词组都表示“大量的，许多”。前者与不可数名词一起用；后者与可数名词一起用。‎ 例：A great deal of work awaits us.‎ 大量工作等着我们去做。‎ We have a great many things to do at present.‎ 我们目前有许多事要做。‎ ‎（108）（be/get/become）accustomed to/used to be accustomed to表示“习惯于某事”；used to意为“曾经做”。‎ 例：Have you got accustomed to the weather here?‎ 你已经习惯这里的天气了吗？‎ He used to play guitar with my cousin.‎ 他过去和我的表哥一起弹吉他。‎ ‎（109）add to /add up to add to表示“加到……，增加，增强”；add up to表示“总计，总起来看，意味着……”。‎ 例：She added sugar to her tea.‎ 她往茶里加了点糖。‎ The music added to our enjoyment.‎ 音乐使我们更加愉快。‎ The money he spent add up to more than $2,000.‎ 他一共花了2,000多美元。‎ Your long answer just adds up to a refusal.‎ 你这么罗嗦的回答，意味着你将会被人拒绝。‎ ‎（110）as well/as well as as well的意思是“也，还”；as well as的意思是“不仅……，还”。‎ 例：It has been a great grief for him as well!‎ 这对他来说也是极大的悲恸。‎ She is a talented speaker as well as being a musician.‎ 她不但是音乐家还是一个天才的演讲者。‎ ‎（111）at last/in the end at last的意思是“最终，最后”，常指经过努力后的最终结果；in the end的意思是“末尾，结尾，事情的最后时刻”。‎ 例：At last I found my lost bicycle in a deserted house.‎ 我终于在一所废弃的房子里找到了我丢失的自行车。‎ I hope everything will turn out all right in the end.‎ 我希望结束时一切顺利。‎ ‎（112）after all/at all after all的意思是“毕竟”；at all的意思是“一点也（不）”。‎ 例：Don’t be fussy about what he did. After all he is only a child.‎ 别对他的所作所为太苛求，他毕竟还是个孩子。‎ I’m not at all interested in what he said.‎ 我对他说的话根本不感兴趣。‎ ‎（113）break out /break through/break down break out意为“爆发，进发”；break through意为“打破，冲破”；break down意为“抛锚，出故障，失败”。‎ 例：Riots and disorders have broken out.‎ 这里已经发生了骚乱与混乱。‎ He broke out laughing.‎ 他突然大笑了起来。‎ The Allies sought to break through the German lines.‎ 盟军试图突破德军的防线。‎ Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against cancer.‎ 科学家们希望在与癌症的较量中尽早有所突破。‎ Our car broke down on our way to the village.‎ 在去乡下的路上，我们的车抛锚了。‎ Their negotiation broke down because neither side would compromise.‎ 由于双方都不让步，他们的谈判最终破裂了。‎ ‎（114）at all cost/by all means/by means of at all cost意为“不惜一切代价”；by all means意为“竭力，千方百计”；by means of意为“用……手段（方法、方式）”。‎ 例：Mr. Jackson intended to save his son’s life at all cost.‎ 杰克逊先生打算不惜一切代价抢救他儿子的生命。‎ We must get there by all meanings before he has a chance to break the news to her.‎ 我们必须尽全力在他有机会把消息透露给她之前赶到那里。‎ The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log.‎ 渔夫靠一块漂浮的圆木幸免于难。‎ ‎（115）call for/call up call for意为“来找人，要求，需要（采取行动）等”；call up意为“打电话，想起，征召入伍等”。‎ 例：I’ll call for you at nine.‎ 我9点钟来探望你。‎ Success school calls for much hard work.‎ 成功需要付出努力。‎ On reaching the city, she called up Lester.‎ 一到达这个城市她就给莱斯特打电话。‎ He was called up for military duty.‎ 他应征入伍。‎ The picture of the Capitol called up memories of our class trip.‎ 国会大厦的图片使我想起我们班的旅行。‎ ‎（116）come about/work out/figure out come about意为“发生，造成”；work out意为“经过努力做出，得出，算出”；figure out意为“想出，算出，弄明白”。‎ 例：How did this dangerous state of affairs in Europe come about?‎ 欧洲危险的形势是如何造成的？‎ I tried to figure out what he meant.‎ 我想弄明白他的意思。‎ We must work out a better method of saving paper.‎ 我们必须想出节约纸张的更好方法。‎ We must work out how we are going to do it.‎ 我们必须想出该如何做这件事。‎ ‎（117）come round/come to come round意为“复原，苏醒，恢复健康等”，round是副词；come to意为“涉及，来到，苏醒，恢复知觉”，to是介词，后面跟的consciousness等词常省略。‎ 例：The man was stunned, but he came round after a time.‎ 那个人先是一愣，但很快便恢复了常态。‎ When it comes to mathematics, I’m all thumbs.‎ 一提起数学，我是一窍不通。‎ She is unconscious now, but may come to at intervals.‎ 她现在失去了知觉，但会时而苏醒一阵儿。‎ ‎（118）cut back/cut down 两个词组都有“削减，减少”的意思，可以互换使用。但有时cut back着重表达不再增加、部分收回或回到原水准而造成的减少；而cut down则多指实际量上的减少。‎ 例：The government has decided to cut back this year’s military expense.‎ 政府决定削减今年的国防开支。‎ I have decided to cut down my smoking.‎ 我已决定减少吸烟次数。‎ ‎（119）due to/owe…to…‎ due to意为“应属于……，由于……，因为……”；owe to意为“归功于……”。‎ 例：A great deal of money is due to you.‎ 一大笔钱应属于你。‎ His absence was due to the bad weather.‎ 由于恶劣的天气，他未能出席。‎ We owe everything to you, Doctor.‎ 大夫，一切都应归功于你。‎ We owe this success to luck more than to capacity.‎ 我们的成功主要是因为运气，而不单单是能力。‎ ‎（120）face to/face up to face to意为“面对，面临，朝着”；face up to意为“大胆面对，勇于面对”。‎ 例：The house faces to the east.‎ 这所房子面朝东。‎ He faced up to his troubles manfully.‎ 他勇敢地面对自己的麻烦。‎ ‎（121）give up/give in give up多指“放弃”；give in多指“认输，投降”。‎ 例：She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother.‎ 她放弃了自己的工作，回来照看自己有病的母亲。‎ As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.‎ 由于我们都不让步，买卖终未成功。‎ ‎（122）go over/go through go over意为“检查，审阅，复习”；go through除了与go over一样可以表示“审阅，检查”的意思外，还可以表示“做完，做一遍，翻找，搜寻”的意思。‎ 例：Let’s go over every detail again. We’ll start work tomorrow.‎ 咱们再把所有的细节过一遍，然后明天就开始工作。‎ He went over his notes before the exam.‎ 考试前，他将课堂笔记温习了一遍。‎ Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.‎ 母亲把抽屉整个翻了一遍，寻找那件毛衣。‎ I’d like to have you go through the book.‎ 我希望你能把这本书浏览一下。‎ Let’s go through the exercises.‎ 咱们来做这些练习。‎ ‎（123）hang on to/hold on to hang on to意为“不肯放弃，专心在……上面，紧紧抓住不放”；hold on to意为“抓住不松手”，强调要坚持。‎ 例：There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired.‎ 有些人早到了退休年龄却还一直在工作岗位上。‎ Hold on to my hand tightly while we cross this street.‎ 过街时，抓紧我的胳膊。‎ Don’t panic, just hold on to that rock and I’ll come and save you.‎ 别慌，抓住那块石头别松手，我这就来救你。‎ ‎（124）in addition/in addition to in addition意为“此外”，不强调前边提到的事；in addition to也表示“另外，此外”，但常指在前面提及事情的基础上的附加。前者相当于副词，后者相当于介词。‎ 例：In addition to this subject, they also taught history and geography.‎ 除了这门课,他们还教历史和地理。‎ In addition, he was taught how to repair cars.‎ 此外，人们还教他如何修小汽车。‎ ‎（125）look into/see through look into意为“调查，深入了解”；see through意为“看穿，识破”。‎ 例：I’ve been looking into that case this week.‎ 这周我一直在调查这个案子。‎ He could see through her lies.‎ 他能识破她的那些谎话。‎ ‎（126）so that/so…that so that用于表示目的或结果的状语从句；so…that则用于表示程度的状语。‎ 例：Let’s try and arrange so that we can get there at one o’clock.‎ 咱们来安排一下，这样我们可以在一点钟赶到那里。‎ One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.‎ 她的一侧肺部受到一点感染，所以她需要休息。‎ He was so young that you must excuse him.‎ 他太年轻，你必须原谅他。‎ So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.‎ 月亮真亮，照得这些花象白天一样明亮。‎ ‎（127）turn to/turn into turn to多用来表示“转向……，求助于”；turn into意为“转变成……，变成”。‎ 例：They always turn to me when they are in trouble.‎ 一有麻烦，他们就来向我求助。‎ The first book to turn to on that subject is the Encyclopaedia.‎ 关于这个题目，首先应去查百科全书。‎ The sofa turns into a bed.‎