高考英语 书面表达中的高级结构 替换 9页

书面表达中的高级结构 ‎ ‎ 我们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。‎ 一．高级词汇 ‎1．occur 替换 think of ‎   Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →‎ ‎   An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.‎ ‎   It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.‎ ‎2．devote替换spend ‎   He spends all his spare time in reading. →‎ ‎   He devotes all his spare time to reading.‎ ‎3．seek替换want / look for ‎   They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.‎ ‎4．average 替换ordinary ‎   I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.‎ ‎5．but替换very ‎   The film we saw last night was very interesting. →‎ ‎   The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.‎ ‎   The film we saw last night was anything but boring.‎ ‎6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.‎ ‎7．suppose 替换should ‎   He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.‎ ‎8．appreciate 替换thank ‎   Thank you very much for you help. →‎ ‎   We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.‎ ‎9．the case替换 true ‎   I don’t think it is the case ( true ).‎ ‎10．on替换as soon as ‎   As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →‎ ‎   On his arrival, he began his research..‎ ‎11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.‎ ‎12．cover替换walk/read ‎    After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.‎ ‎13．contribute to替换  be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →‎ ‎    Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ‎    ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?‎ ‎② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).‎ ‎15．come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →‎ The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.‎ ‎16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself ‎    After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).‎ ‎17．come up with替换think of ‎    Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.‎ ‎18．set aside替换save ‎    Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)‎ ‎19．be of + n. 替换adj.‎ ‎    The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere inChina.‎ ‎20．refer to  替换talk about/of, mention ‎    The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.‎ ‎21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do I could not but (had to) go home.‎ ‎22．more often than not替换usually ‎    More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.‎ ‎23．lest替换so that /in order that ‎    I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →‎ ‎    I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.‎ ‎24．be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for ‎    I want to see you very much. →‎ ‎    I am long to see you.‎ ‎25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.‎ ‎26．more than替换very ‎    ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →‎ ‎     I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.  ( NMET 2003 )‎ ‎   ② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)‎ ‎27．perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).‎ ‎28．do sb a/the favor 替换help ‎    Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?‎ ‎29．the other day替换a few days ago ‎    The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )‎ ‎30．in the course of替换during ‎    In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.‎ ‎31．the majority of替换most ‎    The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.‎ ‎32．consist of替换be made up of ‎    Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.‎ ‎33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken ‎    ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).‎ ‎    ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.‎ ‎34．become of替换 happen ‎    What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?‎ ‎ 35．attend to替换look after ‎36．on condition that替换as long as ‎37．nevertheless替换however ‎38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with ‎39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do ‎40．many a 替换many ‎41．be rushed off one’s feet  替换be busy in doing ‎42．a handful of替换a little / some ‎43．meanwhile替换at the same time ‎44．get to one’s feet替换stand up ‎45．beneath替换under ‎46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while ‎47．for instance替换for example ‎48．seldom替换not often ‎49．wealthy替换 rich ‎50．amazing替换surprising ‎51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact 二．高级句型结构 ‎◆ It句型 ‎ ① It will be + some time + before…‎ ‎    It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.‎ ‎ ② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.‎ ‎    It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.‎ He said since it was a new model inChina, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008年湖北卷）‎ ‎ ③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…‎ ‎  1)  It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.‎ ‎  2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.‎ ‎◆ more …than any other 表示最高级 ‎         Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.‎ ‎◆ 名词从句 ‎① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 Ⅲ )‎ ‎   ② My hometown is no longer what it used to be.‎ ‎◆（非限制性）定语从句 ‎   ① The flat is in a building onFangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→‎ ‎      The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003)‎ ‎   ② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎◆ 分词结构 ‎① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001)‎ ‎② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）‎ ‎④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008年湖南卷）‎ ‎◆ with结构 ‎   ① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.‎ ‎    ② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.‎ ‎◆ 倒装句 ‎① The library is to the east of the teaching building. →‎ ‎   East of the teaching building is the library.‎ ‎② Although we are tired, we are happy.→‎ ‎     Tired as we are, we are happy.‎ ‎   ③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)‎ ‎④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷）‎ ‎◆ 被动语态 ‎   ① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)‎ ‎② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 Ⅳ)‎ ‎③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)‎ ‎◆ 巧妙的改写 ‎（1）．Only 改成no one but   ‎ Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.‎ ‎（2）．as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The  moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.‎ ‎（3）．have sb/sth do/done ‎      The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).‎ ‎（4）．变换插入语的位置 ‎      ① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →‎ ‎         They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)‎ ‎      ② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →‎ ‎        This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 ‎        Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→‎ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.            (2002上海卷)‎ Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008年湖南卷）‎ ‎     ◆ 其它 ‎       （1）注重句子的开头 ‎           ① 用with复合结构开头 ‎            With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.‎ ‎            With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）‎ With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009年江苏卷）‎ ‎           ② 用非谓语动词形式开头 ‎              ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.‎ ‎              ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.‎ ‎        （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）‎ ‎◆◆ 相关过渡语 ‎1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…‎ ‎2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…‎ ‎3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…‎ ‎4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…‎ ‎5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore,    in addition, on top of…‎ ‎6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…‎ ‎7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,      to conclude…‎