高考英语一轮复习限时阅读训练27 4页

‎2019届高考英语一轮复习限时阅读训练27‎ ‎ (A)‎ Planking: a brief history The rules are simple: you must lie face down, palms(手掌)flat against your sides, with your feet together and pointing at the ground. Points are awarded for an original location and for the number of onlookers and participants involved. 1 Without a photo, you’re just a person lying down. This is planking, described variously as a global participatory art project, a “meaningless internet craze”. ‎ It began 14 years ago with a pair of bored kids. Gary Clarkson, then 15, and his friend Christian Langdon, 12, would perform the plank in public places, amusing one another and puzzling onlookers. 2 The game was a pointless way for the boys to pass the time. As Clarkson puts it, “It was just a really stupid, random thing to do. ”‎ For its first 10 years planking spread very slowly, from Clarkson and Langdon to their friends at school and, after a while, on to other kids from the neighborhood. 3 Soon, they had a few thousand followers. Photographs of plankers came in from all over the world: American plankers on top of their televisions, British plankers in trees, and Europeans on country roads and steep riverbanks. ‎ Then things got really interesting. A few days later, a mass gathering of plankers attracted more than 100 people. The planking in the photos posted to Facebook became riskier and stranger. One brave airport worker performed the plank in the engine fan of a jet plane. ‎ ‎4 Some people have linked the practice to the 2019 video for the Radiohead song, “Just”. In the video, a man lies down on a busy London road and a crowd of strangers gather to try to understand and help him. He refuses to move, or to tell them why he’s lying there. He tells them—but not us, the viewers—and all we see is that now the entire crowd is lying down on the pavement as well. 5 “People generally think you’re mad, ”as creator Gary Clarkson puts it. “That’s sort of the point. ”‎ A. You must, of course, have somebody take a photo. ‎ B. Many people believe planking is a good way to pass the time. ‎ C. At that time, it was known simply as the Lying Down Game. ‎ D. We can read about planking all of the time on Internet websites. ‎ E. Whether the video is the inspiration or not, it helps us understand the spirit of planking.‎ F. Then, in 2019, when the pair created a Facebook group for their game, the pace accelerated. ‎ G. It’s not clear—and Clarkson and Langdon don’t remember—where exactly the idea for planking came from. ‎ ‎ (B)‎ ‎“Look it up in the dictionary” is the usual comment when people are in doubt about the meaning or spelling of a word. Dictionaries are considered the final authority on these matters as well as on pronunciations and other facts about a word. ‎ Until a few hundred years ago, however, people could not “look it up” because there were no English dictionaries. The ancient Greeks and Romans and the scholars of the Middle Ages had made lists of Latin and Greek words. 6 The first great English dictionary listing both common and uncommon words was written by Samuel Johnson in 1755.‎ In America, the most famous name in dictionary writing is that of Noah Webster. He stressed American rather than British ways of speaking. His great dictionary, which first appeared in 1828, has been republished many times. 7 The latest edition is still considered “the” dictionary. It defines over 450, 000 words, including radar, television and many others undreamed of by Webster. ‎ ‎8 The huge ones that rest on stands in libraries are called unabridged, meaning “not shortened”. They tell not only a word’s meaning and spelling but also its pronunciation, origin, history, part of speech, grammatical forms, and ways of use. The smaller ones do not provide all this information. ‎ ‎9 A‎ bilingual dictionary, such as a Spanish-English dictionary, translates words from one language into another. A thesaurus lists other words that mean the ‎ same as each listed word. A gazetteer lists place names, and a glossary is a small dictionary in a book defining technical words in that book. There are also dictionaries of scientific terms and ones on many other topics. There is even a dictionary of slang. 10 The dictionary is one of our most valuable language tools.‎ A. Each time, it has been updated. ‎ B. General dictionaries are not the only kind. ‎ C. Thus there are many kinds of special dictionaries. ‎ D. In a general dictionary, each word may have multiple meanings. ‎ E. Dictionaries that list all kinds of words are known as general dictionaries. ‎ F. Over the previous 150 years more than 20 dictionaries had been published. ‎ G. But it was not until 1604 that a book of uncommon English words appeared. ‎ 答案解析 A ‎【文章大意】文章主要描述了“趴街”这种新奇运动的来源及发展。‎ ‎1.【解析】选Ａ。根据下文的Without a photo, you’re just a person lying down可知此处选A项。其中photo是关键词。‎ ‎2.【解析】选C。根据下文的The game was a pointless way for the boys to pass time. 可知此处选 C 项。‎ ‎3.【解析】选F。根据前文spread very slowly及后文的Soon, they had a few thousand followers. 可知此处选F项。‎ ‎4.【解析】选G。本段主要叙述的是此种运动形式想法的来源且根据最后一句That’s sort of the point. 可知选G 项。‎ ‎5.【解析】选E。根据前文Some people have linked the practice to the 2019 video. . . 及后文人们的看法可知此处选E项。‎ B ‎ 【文章大意】本文主要叙述了词典的有关知识。‎ ‎6.【解析】选G。根据本段最后一句可知, 此处选G项。‎ ‎7.【解析】选A。根据前文的first appeared及下文的The latest edition可知, 此处选A项。‎ ‎8.【解析】选E。本段主要叙述的是大词典的特点，故选E项。‎ ‎9.【解析】选Ｂ。根据下文的A bilingual dictionary 及There is even a dictionary of slang. 可知, 此处选B项。‎ ‎10.【解析】选C。前文提到了各种各样的词典，且根据最后一句可知此处是归纳句，故选C项。‎