高考英语一模选词填空 6页

上海高考英语题型训练：选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Unit 1, ‎ A. deliberate B. distinction C. polish D. credit E. dependent ‎ F. occasionally G. feasibility H. shift I.‎ fulfilling J. signals K. continuously Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ____31____ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success. Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ____32____ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.‎ About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something – say painting or speaking foreign languages – but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.‎ It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control – your behavior, your planning, your reactions – and change them.‎ The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.‎ Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it – a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.‎ There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one. 31-40 DEAHB FCIJG Unit 2, ‎ A. measurement B. similar C. remarkably D. monetary E. astronomy ‎ F. altered G. civilization H. defined I.‎ independence J. invariably K. dominated The Nile The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.‎ Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.‎ An early system of ___33___ a Kilometer, was used to de determine the size of the ‎ floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a Shauf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.‎ The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.‎ By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world. 31‎-40 G J A B D C E I H F Unit 3.‎ A. potentially B. filmed C. dropped D. commonly E. treats F. sympathy G. sensitive H. eyebrow I.‎‎ domesticated J. selection K. confident ‎ Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.‎ It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.‎ But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 and affection in humans.‎ Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”‎ ‎“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”‎ ‎“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog. ‎ ‎ They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they 39 facial expressions. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved a s they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us, ”she said.‎ ‎31-40 HDFKE GABCI Unit 4，‎ ‎ A. astonishing B. bordered C. blackouts D. consequences E. constant ‎ ‎ F. estimated G. exploded H. fascinated I.‎ process J. stretched K. upsetting Aurora (极光): wonders or disturbances ‎ Canada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light______31_____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky,____32_____ with delicate yellow, pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet _____33_____. Most of all, it was a gift.‎ ‎ This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movement and bright colours. The calm, green aurora displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34____stream of particles(微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot, fat particles, this process goes into overdrive—we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.‎ ‎ But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious _____35___. Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio___37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight. ‎ ‎ Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A large solar storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada’s Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)___38____C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame ____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout help up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral _____40______ is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies. 31-40 JBAED KCFGI Unit 5， ‎ A.inadequate B.repeatedly C. process ‎ D. achieve E. irected F. reactions G. raising H. eliminate I. haracterized J.immediate K. mechanism The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through over sweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this over heatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.‎ Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition ‎ includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.‎ Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F. 31-40 FHIAG JKEBC Unit 6, ‎ ‎ A.declared B. survive C.individualized D. advocated E. signal F. significantly G.dominated H. contrast I. supposedly J. apart K. inseparable ‎　　They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.‎ To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.‎ The 33 between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, Myspace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.‎ Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.‎ Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens 38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”‎ Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .‎ ‎“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world40 ,” Rosen 31-40 JEHAG KIBFC Unit 7,‎ A. combination B. sheets C. flexible D. rejected E. heal F. imitate G. chemical H. damage I. setting J. necessarily K. severe Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin’s basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.‎ Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.‎ Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（胶原质）___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）. It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.‎ Aside from its uses in the clinical ___35___, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’ Ordeal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.‎ Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient’s body. 31-40 FCEAI KJGBD ‎ Unit 8,‎ A. overate B. precious C. rate D. researchers E. impression F. previous G. presented H. interpret I. goers J. revealed K. consumer People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive ‎ It is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.‎ Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups ‎ ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week. Brian Wans ink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.‎ In a(n)__40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas. 31-40 IEDCJ AGKHF Unit 9,‎ A. combining B. analyzed C. concern D.‎ tremendously E. effective F. applied G. actually H. common I. limited J. assessing K. test Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children. There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.‎ Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.‎ A team led by Professor Frances Fader __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.‎ ‎ What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.‎ ‎ Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we should stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”‎ ‎ The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents. Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.‎ ‎31-40 FKBAG CHEIJ