2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（3）（含解析） 11页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（3）‎ 李仕才 A The story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen. Sir Nicholas Winton was a British man who went to heroic efforts, potentially putting himself at risk, during World War II. Sir Winton was responsible for ensuring the safety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escape from countries occupied by Nazis. Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.‎ Recently, this unbelievable story has again been making the rounds on the Internet, particularly after a rerun of the BBC show called “That’s Life”, which featured Sir Winton. People around the world were moved at the details of the story, with saying it to be the best story they’ve ever seen.‎ Sir Winton kept his entire plan completely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later. After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Winton’s extraordinary achievement. Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work.‎ In 2003, Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work. He also was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize. He also had a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers. Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015. Leaders around the world paid tribute (悼念). Israel’s ambassador to the United Kingdom, Daniel Taub, said, “He was a hero of our time, having saved 669 Jewish children from Nazis. His story, as a point of light in a period of darkness, will forever be remembered.”‎ ‎1.What happened to the 669 Jewish children?‎ A. They were killed by Nazis.‎ 11‎ B. They returned to their own homes.‎ C. They fled to their native countries.‎ D. They were raised by English families.‎ ‎2.What made Winton’s story spread widely?‎ A. People’s chatting online. ‎ B. The program “That’s Life”.‎ C. His wife’s promotion. ‎ D. Praises from some leaders.‎ ‎3.Which of the following can replace the underlined expression “remained in the dark’, in Paragraph 3?‎ A. felt doubtful B. remained moved C. knew nothing D. criticized something ‎4.What do we know about Winton?‎ A. He was born in 1909. ‎ B. Nazis tried to arrest him.‎ C. He named a small planet. ‎ D. Many children paid tribute to him.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章主要讲述Sir Nicholas Winton在纳粹期间帮助669个犹太孩子逃到英国的故事。如今而且BBC把这一故事搬上荧幕，让大众知道在黑暗时期还有这样一个英雄给人们带来光明。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.”可知，669个犹太人孩子被带到了英国，并由英国家庭收养。故选D。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的句意可知，Sir Nicholas Winton一直对自己的英雄事迹保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此处应为不为人们所知道。故选C。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at 11‎ ‎ the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015.”可知，Sir Winton 生于1909年。故选A。‎ B ‎(2015·江西九校联考)‎ Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of piling on the pounds, a study shows. A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London found women had larger waistlines if their bedroom was “light enough to see across” at night. However, they caution there is not enough evidence to advise people to buy thicker curtains or turn off lights.‎ The women were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at night as：Light enough to read. Light enough to see across the room, but not read. Light enough to see your hand in front of you, but not across the room. Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.‎ Prof.Anthony Swerdlow told the BBC：“In this very large group of people there is an association between reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity. But there is not sufficient evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight. There might be other explanations for the association, but the findings are intriguing enough to guarantee further scientific investigation.”‎ The light is disrupting the body clock, which stems from our evolutionary past when we were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night. Light alters mood，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle. Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock by delaying the production 11‎ ‎ of the sleep hormone melatonin.‎ Prof.DerkJan Dijk said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker. He told the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom. I think people should assess their bedroom and see how easy it would be to make it darker.” Street lights, some alarm clocks and standby lights on electrical equipment such as televisions could light a room, he said.“Overall this study points to the importance of darkness，” he concluded.‎ ‎1．The passage mainly tells us ________．‎ A．bright bedrooms link to obesity B．dark bedrooms link to obesity C．people should turn off lights D．people should buy thicker curtains ‎2．What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Stopping. B．Disturbing. ‎ C．Improving. D．Recovering.‎ ‎3．What might Paragraph 4 be used for?‎ A．One possible explanation on disrupting body clock.‎ B．One possible explanation on disrupting mood.‎ C．One possible explanation on disrupting physical strength.‎ D．One possible explanation on artificial light.‎ ‎4．What’s Prof.DerkJan Dijk’s attitude towards the dark room?‎ A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. ‎ 11‎ C．Negative. D．Favorable.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卧室里的亮度对人们健康的影响：过于强烈的光线会影响人体的生物钟，影响人的情绪，还有可能使人肥胖。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段第一句点明了文章的主题，即有研究表明，在光线太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加。故选A项。‎ ‎2．解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中“The light is disrupting the body clock”和第二句可知，本段主要讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟，会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体处理食物的方式，由此可推知，画线单词意为“干扰”，与B项disturbing意义接近。故选B项。‎ ‎3．解析：选A。篇章结构题。根据第四段第一句“The light is disrupting the body clock...”及最后一句中的“Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock”可知，本段主要解释了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能原因。故选A项。‎ ‎4．解析：选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句中“there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker”及最后一句可以看出，DerkJan Dijk教授赞成将卧室的亮度调暗。故选D项。‎ C In the United States alone，over 100 million cellphones are thrown away each year.Cellphones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.‎ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in socalled ewaste than in naturally occurring minerals.‎ Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.‎ 11‎ Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cellphone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.‎ The U．S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.‎ In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?‎ Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?‎ From the governments' point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers.‎ 文章大意：文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。‎ ‎1．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that________.‎ A．the weight of egoods is rather small B．ewaste deserves to be made good use of C．natural minerals contain more precious metals D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in ewaste 答案：B　推断判断题。结合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属；下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎2．The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extended________.‎ A．from producers to governments B．from governments to producers 11‎ C．from individuals to distributors D．from distributors to governments 答案：B　细节理解题。结合文章最后一句“...a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers.”可知，电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎3．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．The increase in ewaste.‎ B．The creation of ewaste.‎ C．The seriousness of ewaste.‎ D．The management of ewaste.‎ 答案：D　主旨大意题。本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发，分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性，并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述。由此可知，本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的。故正确答案为D。‎ D ‎(2015·陕西省质量检测二)‎ Whether it is elementary school, middle school, or high school in the United States, there will always be an awards ceremony at the end of the year. Though it varies from school to school, there are a few that are given by most schools across the nation.‎ The first one is given from grades 3 to 8 and it is the Honor Roll Award. In elementary and middle school, this award is used to recognize academic excellence. This award is also separated into two groups: A Honor Roll and A/B Honor Roll. It is given out at the end of a school year and students who receive all averages of a 93 or above (‎90 in some states) on a final report card receive an A Honor Roll, and students with grades above 85 (‎80 in some states) would receive an A/B Honor Roll. It is to reward students who have worked hard and received all A’s or A’s and B’s.‎ In high school, this is changed a bit, but still can be classified as the same 11‎ ‎ type of award.The difference is that instead of using the scale(等级) of 100, they use a grade point average(GPA) based on a 4 point scale. They recognize students with a high GPA as “Honor Students”．If the students keep it up for all four years of high school, then they graduate with honors.‎ Another notable award is the President’s Award for Educational Excellence. This is given by the President’s Education Awards Program each year to students all over the United States. This award is offered to elementary school，middle school and high school students. To be eligible(有资格的) for this award, middle school and elementary school students must earn an average grade of 90 or above on a 109 point scale. High school students must have a GPA of at least 3.5.Students must also have a high score on a statewide or national standardized test or have a recommendation from a teacher. Usually this award is given at the end of the year. It is a certificate with a signature from the president along with a letter of recognition.‎ However, many people confuse the President’s Award for Educational Excellence with another award, the US Presidential Scholars Program. Even though both have the word“President” in the title, they are completely different awards. Where the President’s Award for Educational Excellence is relatively easy to achieve, the award from the Presidential Scholars Program is not. To earn the honor of being a Presidential Scholar, a student must be a high school senior last year of high school with outstanding standardized test scores.‎ ‎1．If, in most of the schools in the US, a student in Grade 5 wants to get an A Honor Roll, he/she must get all averages of a(n) ________．‎ 11‎ A．93 B．85 ‎ C．90 D．80‎ ‎2．From the passage we know that the students who ________ can graduate with honors.‎ A．keep up the grades of ‎100 in high school for more than one year B．get averages of ‎100 in high school for all four years of high school C．get a high GPA in high school for more than one year D．are recognized as “Honor Students” for all four years of high school ‎3．If high school students are to win the President’s Award for Educational Excellence, which of the following statements should be included?‎ A．An average grade of 90 or above on a 100 point scale.‎ B．A recommendation from a teacher.‎ C．A GPA of at least ‎3.5 in a national standardized test.‎ D．A high school senior with outstanding standardized test scores.‎ ‎4．The best title for this passage may be “________”．‎ A．Awards in elementary and middle schools B．Awards in schools of the ‎United States C．How high schools reward their students D．It’s easy to win awards in schools ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“and students who receive all averages of a 93 or above(‎90 in some states)．..receive an A Honor 11‎ ‎ Roll”可知，在美国大多数学校，想要获得A Honor Roll，平均分必须在93分或以上。故答案选A。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，如果学生能连续四年获得“优秀学生”的称号，就能带着荣誉毕业。故选D。‎ ‎3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第五、六句“High school students must have a GPA of at least 3.5. Students must...have a recommendation from a teacher.”可知，B项为条件之一。‎ ‎4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述的是美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件。B项能概括文章内容，适合做标题。故选B。‎ E We humans are superstitious, believing that Friday the 13th is bad luck and finding a penny is good luck.Here, then, are three of the most common superstitions.‎ Careful with that mirror According to folktales, breaking a mirror is sure to bring yourself seven years of bad luck.The superstition seems to arise from the belief that mirrors don't just reflect your image; they hold bits of your soul.That belief led old American Southerners to cover mirrors in a house when someone died, for fear that their soul might be trapped inside.‎ Like the number three, the number seven is often associated with luck.Seven years is a long time to be unlucky, so people have come up with solutions after breaking a mirror.These include touching a piece of the broken mirror to a tombstone or powdering the broken mirror.‎ Knock on wood This phrase is designed to break away from bad luck：“Breaking that mirror didn't bring me any trouble.Knock on wood.”The phrase may come from old tales about good spirits in trees or from an association with the Christian cross.‎ No umbrellas inside ‎...And not just because you'll hurt someone's eyes.Opening an umbrella indoors is supposed to bring bad luck.The origins of this belief vary from a story of an ancient woman who happened to have opened her umbrella moments before her house fell to the tale of a British prince who accepted two umbrellas from a visiting king and died within months.‎ 11‎ 文章大意：我们人类是非常迷信的生物，相信13号的星期五代表厄运，而捡到一分钱则代表将有好运。这样的事例还有很多。‎ ‎1．What may bring good luck？__B__‎ A．Dating on Friday the 13th.‎ B．Knocking on wood.‎ C．Opening an umbrella inside.‎ D．Breaking a mirror.‎ 解析：细节理解题。由第四段可知，Knocking on wood可以让人转好运。‎ ‎2．What should you do to drive bad luck away after breaking a mirror？__D__‎ A．Hide the pieces for seven years.‎ B．Put the pieces in a tombstone.‎ C．Cover the other mirrors in a house.‎ D．Make the pieces into powder.‎ ‎3．Which phrase may originate(起源) from religion？__B__‎ A．Careful with that mirror. B．Knock on wood.‎ C．No umbrellas inside. D．Lucky number seven.‎ 解析：推理判断题。由第四段最后一句话“The phrase may come from old tales about good spirits in trees or from an association with the Christian cross.”可推知，Knock on wood这一短语起源与基督教的十字架有关。‎ 11‎