2019高考英语一轮选习练题模块3Unit3Backtothepast含解析牛津译林版 12页

模块3U3‎ 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.‎ Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastle's Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.‎ ‎“To do this，we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said.‎ Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.‎ The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.‎ The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.‎ ‎1．What was the study trying to figure out?‎ A．How to make pigs happier.‎ B．The similarities between humans and pigs.‎ C．How living environment affected pigs' mood.‎ D．How pigs' mood and personality affected their judgment.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “cushier”in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Simple. B．More comfortable.‎ C．Unpractical. D．Less free.‎ ‎3．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?‎ A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.‎ B．The bowl containing coffee beans.‎ C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.‎ D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.‎ ‎4．What do the findings of the new research imply?‎ A．People should treat pigs equally.‎ B．People's health relies on meat quality.‎ C．People should meet pigs' various needs.‎ D．People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。‎ ‎【段意梳理】第一段：概述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用，这些相互作用会影响它们的判断。‎ 第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究团队把猪分成两组进行实验的过程。‎ 第六段：根据实验结果，研究人员进行分析和总结。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎2．B　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。‎ ‎3．D　考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。‎ 二、单项填空 ‎1.The precious manuscripts were hopelessly _______ by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.‎ A. damaged B. destroyed C. harmed D. ruined ‎【答案】D ‎2.People _______ that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often arbitrary rather than based on fixed criteria.‎ A. whisper B. signal C. sponsor D. complain ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】whisper低声说，私语；signal发信号，(用手势)示意；sponsor赞助，倡议，组织，主办；complain抱怨。句意：人们抱怨，决定批准或拒绝发放许可证往往是任意的而不是基于既定的标准。‎ ‎3.Across China, ordinary people are becoming more and more _______ of the issue of environmental protection.‎ A. dependent B. ignorant C. alike D. aware ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：在中国，普通百姓正逐渐意识到环境保护问题。dependent依靠的；ignorant无知的；alike相似的；aware意识到的；be aware of意识到。‎ ‎4.When you are old enough to ________ things, you should decide your path in life.‎ A. judge B. choose C. study D. research ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：当你年龄大到足以判断事情时，你应该决定自己的人生道路。judge判断，符合句意。‎ ‎5.The building was named Ford Hall _______ a man named James Ford.‎ A. in need of B. in memory of C. in charge of D. in search of ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】in memory of为了纪念……。句意：为了纪念一个叫做詹姆斯·福特的人，这栋楼房取名叫做福特大厅。‎ ‎6.The earthquake was so terrible that in only 15 seconds a large city lay _______.‎ A. in tears B. in terror C. in ruins D. in anger ‎【答案】C ‎7.There’s been a record number of _______ about the standard of service on Britain’s railways A. contributions B. distinctions C. pressures D. complaints ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】complaints投诉，抱怨。句意：有关英国铁路服务水平的投诉空前的多。‎ ‎8.It is important for people to have the _______ that care and sympathy for people with AIDS/HIV makes a difference to the quality of their lives.‎ A. remark B. awareness C. assumption D. compromise ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎9._______ what he said, he must have been to the south of the country.‎ A. Judge by B. Judging from C. Judged with D. Judging on ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】Judging from“从……判断”为固定结构在句中作独立成分。句意：从他所说的话判断他一定去过这个国家的南部。‎ ‎10.Her fluent English left a great impression on the judges, most of whom voted _______ her, and she became the winner in the end. ‎ A. in search of B. in favor of C. in memory of D. in danger of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】in search of寻找；in favor of赞成，支持；in memory of对……的纪念；in danger of处于……危险之中。句意：她流利的英语给评委留下了很深的印象，大多数评委给她投了赞成票。最后她获胜了。‎ ‎11.She likes dancing with many people on the playground; _______.‎ A. so her mother does B. so her mother is C. so does her mother D. so is her mother ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：她喜欢在操场上和很多人一起跳舞她妈妈也这样。“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面的肯定情况也适应于另一主语，故选C。‎ ‎12.And when he got fired at the age of 30 _______ to be one of the best things that ever happened to him because a few months later he met his wife. ‎ A. it was turned out B. there seemed C. it turned out D. as it seemed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】it turned out to be...句型。‎ 句意：然而就在他30岁的时候他被这个公司抄了，而这件事成了他生命中发生的最好的事情之一，因为几个月之后他遇到了自己的妻子。 ‎ ‎13.The flu is believed by some scientists _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.‎ A. causing B. being caused C. to have caused D. to be caused ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本句是对believe可以接不定式作宾语补足语的变式考查。cause和本句主语the flu是逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动语态，即答案为to be caused，作主语补足语。句意：有些科学家相信流感是由在人类喉腔细胞内繁殖的病毒起的。‎ ‎14.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _______ yet.‎ A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎15.The young _______ eaten up almost everything; one and a half bananas _______ left on the table.‎ A. is; are B. are; is C. has; have been D. have; has been ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】the young 做主语，表示一类人，意为年轻人，谓语动词用复数形式，one and a half 看成整体，后加名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。整个句子强调的是动作的完成。所以选D。句意：年轻人几乎吃光了所有的东西；桌子上就留了一根半香蕉而已。‎ 三、完形填空 Many people are constantly waiting for their life to start. “When I’m older I’ll do this.” and “In a few years I’ll do that.” They think the life they are ___1___ is boring and meaningless.‎ Who has never viewed himself or herself ___2___ worthless and unattractive?‎ In others’ eyes, you are always “the funny one” and become loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling, ___3___ few people know about the way you feel.‎ All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support, and thus need ___5___ physically, or spiritually.‎ Just think like this way: ___6___ feelings I am feeling will eventually go away.‎ I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself and actually want to ___7___. I am a(n)___8___ lucky person who has come from a family where there is full of love and support.‎ I have to be the one to make the ___9___ to change my way of thinking.‎ All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too. ___10___ I am feeling miserable, my life is still going on and I am missing out on ___11___ those precious moments.‎ We all have terrible things which happen to us and will ___12___ each of us differently.‎ The most important thing to remember is that our ___13___ aren’t what define us. What defines us is how we ‎___14___ what has happened to us and how we change the way we think about it.‎ We can either let it become us or we can use our newly found ___15___ to change a little bit of the world around us all.‎ There’s something much bigger than us and our problems. It is always ___16___ to remember that there is always someone who is in a ___17___ much worse than our own.‎ Nevertheless, I am well on the ___18___ to becoming the person I want to be and I have goals and expectations of myself. I am now ___19___ that my life has started.‎ It started years ago and it’s not ___20___ over yet. It’s happening right now. Yours is too.‎ 语篇解读：很多人都在等待最好的生活，其实最好的生活就在当下。‎ ‎1. A.opposing B. predicting C. experiencing D. expecting ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据第一段第一句“很多人都在等待自己生命的新起点”可知，他们觉得现在的生活很乏味无趣 的。experience 经历，符合语境。oppose 反对；predict 预言，预料；expect 预料，期望。故选 C 项。‎ ‎2. A.of B. as C. for D. with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】view...as...把……看作……，为固定搭配。故选 B 项。谁没有把自己看成是毫无价值、毫不吸引人 的人呢?‎ ‎3. A.though B. or C. so D. but ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】设空前的“In others’ eyes, you are always ‘the funny one’ and become loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling”(在别人的眼中，你可能是一个“很有趣的人” 。你用大声喧嚣和过于 自信来掩盖自己真正的想法)和该空后的“few people know about the way you feel”(很少有人看透你)‎ 之间是转折关系。而 though 表示的是让步关系。故选 D 项。‎ ‎4. A.suffer B. arise C. differ D. result ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据设空后的“from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知选 suffer。suffer from 意为“遭受”， 其后常接表示疾病、 自然灾害的词， 或接 loneliness， overpopulation 等词。 arise from 由……引起；differ from 与……不同；result from 由……造成。故选 A 项。我们所有人都会经历 挫折和沮丧，失去指引和支持，无论物质、情感还是精神上都急切需要治愈。‎ ‎5. A.growth B. service C. aid D. sacrifice ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 根据上文中的“All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知，‎ 下文是说我们都需要身体上或精神上的帮助。growth 增长，成长；service 服务；aid 援助，帮助；‎ sacrifice 牺牲。故选 C 项。‎ ‎6. A.pleasant B. horrible C. sensitive D. casual ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据第八段第一句“All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too.”可知，设空处所在句与该句形成对比，因此该处表示“糟糕的感觉最终会烟消云散的”。‎ pleasant 令人愉快的；horrible 糟糕的，可怕的；sensitive 敏感的；casual 满不在乎的。故选 B 项。‎ ‎7. A.relax B. move C. reject D. change ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 根据空前的“I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself”(我需要停止顾影自怜)可知， 下文应是作出“改 变”。relax 放松；move 移动，搬动；reject 拒绝；change 改变。故选 D 项。不应再自怨自艾，而 要切切实实地谋求改变。‎ ‎8. A.incredibly B. eventually C. merely D. skeptically ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】incredibly 难以置信地，很，极为，非常；eventually 最后，终于；merely 仅仅，只不过；skeptically 怀疑地。句意：我是个非常幸运的人，来自于一个充满爱和支持的家庭。分析句子结构可知，设 空处引导定语从句，先行词是 family，且从句中缺少状语，故用 where 引导。故选 A 项。‎ ‎9. A.mistake B. difference C. decision D. comment ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据设空后的“to change my way of thinking”可知，此处应是“决定改变我的思考方式”，make the decision 作决定，符合语境。make a mistake 犯错误；make a/the difference 起作用，有影响；make a comment 作出评论。故选 C 项。‎ ‎10. A.Because B. While C. Unless D. When ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为：尽管我现在感觉很痛苦，但生活还是要继续，我会错过欣赏这些宝贵时刻的机会。“I am feeling miserable”与“my life is still going on”之间是让步关系，while 意为“尽管”，表让步，符合 语境。故选 B 项。‎ ‎11. A.calculating B. imagining C. forgetting D. appreciating ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意见上题。根据设空后的“precious moments”(宝贵时刻)可知，应是“欣赏，赞美”。calculate 计算，预估；imagine 想象；forget 忘记；appreciate 欣赏。故选 D 项。尽管自己沉溺于痛苦之中，‎ 而生命的时间漏斗仍不停流转，那你将错过那些值得赞美的珍贵时刻。‎ ‎12. A.attract B. treat C. affect D. benefit ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意为：我们都会遇到一些不幸的事，它们会对我们产生不一样的影响。根据常识可知，发生在 我们身上的事总是影响到我们。attract 吸引；treat 对待；affect 影响；benefit 有益于。故选 C 项。‎ ‎13. A.characters B. problems C. advantages D. experiences ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】character 个性，性格，角色；problem 问题；advantage 优点；experience 经历。故选 B 项。根据 倒数第三段第一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”也可推出此处选 problems。‎ ‎14. A.care about B. make up C. deal with D. answer for ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】重要的是，你要记住，我们遇到的问题不能定义我们的本质。能定义我们的，是我们处理问题的 方法，以及我们对待问题的态度转变。care about 关心，在意；make up 形成，构成，编造，化妆；‎ deal with 处理；answer for 负责。故选 C 项。‎ ‎15. A.wisdom B. energy C. chance D. patience ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据设空前的 newlyfound 及空后的“to change a little bit of the world around us all”可知，改变世界 应该用“智慧”。wisdom 智慧；energy 能量；chance 机会，机遇；patience 耐心。故选 A 项。我 们或许放任自流，又或许利用我们发现的新智慧改变我们周边发生的事情。‎ ‎16. A.difficult B. obvious C. typical D. important ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据前一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”可知，记得总有人的处境比我 们的更糟糕，这是很重要的(important)。故选 D 项。‎ ‎17. A.game B. relation C. position D. distance ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据语境可知，此处指有些人的处境比我们的更糟糕。position 位置；game 游戏；relation 关系；‎ distance 距离。故选 C 项。比我们自身和我们所遇到的问题还重要的事情大有所在。切勿忘记总 有人的处境比我们的更糟糕。‎ ‎18. A.turn B. way C. corner D. direction ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】on the way to...意为“在去……的路上”，符合句意。turn 转变；corner 拐角处；direction 方向。‎ 故选 B 项。‎ ‎19. A. aware B. surprised C. afraid D. worried ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据最后一段可知，“我”现在意识到我的生活已经发生了改变。aware 意识到的，明白的；‎ surprised 惊讶的；afraid 害怕的；worried 担忧的。故选 A ‎ 项。然而，我们有自己的目标和期待，‎ 并在自己选择的人生道路上很好的前进着。我们必须从现在起意识到属于自己的人生其实已经开 始。‎ ‎20. A.even B. nearly C. only D. much ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】我的人生在好久之前已经开始了，而且还没结束。现在还是进行时。你的也一样。not nearly 意为 ‎“远非，绝不是”，符合语境。故选 B 项。‎ 四、短文改错。‎ Last year，I went to Australia for a shortterm study like an international student.One of my classmates suggested we shared our favorite recipes for foods from our own countries during New Year's party.We all agreed to this wonderful idea and cooked my unique dishes for the party.Hariyati from Indonesia shared a kind of cookie what was shaped like elephant ears.Susan from South Africa prepared some sweet dumplings packed in several banana leaf.Chiemi from Japan cooked special rice balls mixing with fish.And I was served Daoxiao noodles，my hometown—Shanxi's local food.These variously foods were all delicious.Therefore，my favorite was still Chinese food.‎ ‎【答案】‎ Last year，I went to Australia for a shortterm study an international student.One of my classmates suggested we our favorite recipes for foods from our own countries during New Year's party.We all agreed to this wonderful idea and cooked unique dishes for the party.Hariyati from Indonesia shared a kind of cookie was shaped like elephant ears.Susan from South Africa prepared some sweet dumplings packed in several banana .Chiemi from Japan cooked special rice balls with fish.And I served Daoxiao noodles，my hometown—Shanxi's local food.These foods were all delicious.，my favorite was still Chinese ‎ food.‎ 第一处：like改为as。考查介词。此句意为“去年我作为一个国际学生去澳大利亚短期学习”，as“作为”，like“像……一样”。‎ 第二处：shared改为share。考查虚拟语气。suggest意思是“建议”时所在宾语从句的谓语只能用“should＋动词原形”的形式且should可以被省略。‎ 第三处：during后加the。考查冠词。可数名词party在句中表示特指，所以其前必须加定冠词the。‎ 第四处：my改为our。考查代词。根据上文的“We all agreed to this wonderful idea”可知，句子的主语是We, agreed和cooked为并列谓语，所以my改为our。‎ 第五处：what改为that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，cookie后为定语从句，且从句缺少主语，先行词为名词cookie，所以改为that/which。‎ 第六处：leaf改为leaves。考查名词的数。leaf(叶)是可数名词，且其前面有several修饰，所以要用其复数形式leaves。‎ 第七处：mixing改为mixed。考查非谓语动词。balls与mix之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词短语mixed with fish作后置定语。‎ 第八处：删除was served中的was。考查动词的语态。serve“供应”，是及物动词。该句宾语是Daoxiao noodles，所以结合上下文和句意应去掉was。‎ 第九处：variously改为various。考查形容词。该句中的名词foods应用形容词various(各种各样的)来修饰，所以把variously改为various。‎ 第十处：Therefore改为However。考查副词和上下文的逻辑关系。根据下文尤其是still一词可知，上下文是转折关系，所以Therefore改为However。‎