高考英语全程训练计划专练3 说明文议论文 11页

专练(三)　说明文、议论文 A ‎(2019·东北三校二模)‎ We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__， and pictures of their babies are __2__ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__ of itself.‎ The lovely animals have __4__ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot __5__ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__ whether children or animals have a __7__ of selfawareness.‎ In the test, an animal is presented __8__ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__ it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.‎ Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__ of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__， each panda behaved as if their __14__ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__.‎ The __17__ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈养). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. That's because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__ themselves.‎ ‎1．A.papers　　　　　B．covers C．headlines D．pages ‎2．A.widely B．popularly ‎ C．especially D．completely ‎3．A.shy B．fond C．conscious D．confident ‎4．A.failed B．ignored C．faced D．conducted ‎5．A.observe B．discover C．recognize D．understand ‎6．A.believe in B．find out C．pick out D．take in ‎7．A.sense B．question C．opinion D．thought ‎8．A.for B．with C．in D．before ‎9．A.how B．when C．why D．whether ‎10．A.touchable B．seeable C．sensible D．possible ‎11．A.dismisses B．admits C．feels D．moves ‎12．A.all B．most C．one D．none ‎13．A.Thus B．However C．Instead D．Still ‎14．A.reaction B．reflection C．operation D．imagination ‎15．A.trapped B．amazed C．threatened D．teased ‎16．A.backwards B．alone C．forwards D．along ‎17．A.failure B．outcome C．success D．review ‎18．A.cause B．prepare C．accelerate D．urge ‎19．A.eyes B．cages C．zoo D．glass ‎20．A.other than B．regardless of C．because of D．rather than ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文对大熊猫、儿童还有其他的动物都做了有关自我意识感方面的研究，结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差，即使照镜子，它们也认不出镜子里的自己。‎ ‎1．C　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C项意为“头条(新闻)”，符合语境。A项意为“报纸”；B项意为“封面”；D项意为“页码”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎2．A　考查副词辨析。上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被广泛传阅。A项意为“广泛地”，符合语境。B项意为“流行地”；C项意为 ‎“特别地”；D项意为“完全地”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎3．C　考查形容词辨析。根据第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，这里指的是现在看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C项意为“有意识的”，符合语境。A项意为“害羞的”；B项意为“喜欢的”；D项意为“自信的”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎4．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“They cannot... have a ________ of selfawareness.”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有通过这种经典的自我意识测试。A项意为“失败”，符合语境。B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“指挥，引导”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎5．C　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition...”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C项意为“辨认出”，符合语境。A项意为“观察”；B项意为“发现”；D项意为“理解”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎6．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B项意为“找到，弄清楚”，符合语境。A项意为“相信，信任”；C项意为“挑选出”；D项意为“吸收，欺骗”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎7．A　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A项意为“感觉”，a sense of为固定搭配，意为“一种……感”，符合语境。B项意为“问题”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎8．B　考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中呈现出来。表示使用某种工具，应用介词with。‎ ‎9．D　考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者想观察大熊猫是否能注意到它脸上的记号。故选D项。‎ ‎10．B　考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，在自己脸上的标记，只有在镜子中才能看到。B项意为“可见的”，符合语境。A项意为“可触摸的”；C项意为“可觉察的”；D项意为“可能的”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎11．C　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此处指如果动物注意到脸上的标记，它会感受到这个标记的。C项意为“感受，感觉”，符合语境。A项意为“解雇，解散”；B项意为“承认”；D项意为“移动”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎12．D　考查代词辨析。根据上文及转折词“but”可知，此处指没有一只大熊猫像其他动物一样能感受到脸上的标记。故选D项。‎ ‎13．C　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“‎ 相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子里的影像是其他大熊猫”。C项意为“代替，而不是”，符合语境。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“然而”；D项意为“仍然”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎14．B　考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，镜子中应是映照出的影像。B项意为“映像，倒影”，符合语境。A项意为“反应”；C项意为“操作，手术”；D项意为“想象”。均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎15．C　考查动词辨析。根据下文中熊猫的反应可知，熊猫表现出好像受到镜子中“自己”的威胁。C项意为“威胁”，符合语境。A项意为“使陷入困境，卡住”；B项意为“使惊讶”；D项意为“取笑，戏弄”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎16．A　考查副词辨析。根据常识可知，害怕会向后退。A项意为“向后”，符合语境。B项意为“独自地”；C项意为“向前”；D项意为“一起，沿着”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎17．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B项意为“结果”，符合语境。A项意为“失败”；C项意为“成功”；D项意为“复习”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎18．A　考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指可以成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感到有压力。cause sb. to do sth. 意为“导致某人做某事”，符合语境。B项意为“准备”；C项意为“加速”；D项意为“督促”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎19．D　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎20．D　考查介词短语辨析。由语境可知，此处指这就是因为大熊猫相信镜子里是别的大熊猫而不是自己。D项意为“而不是”，符合语境。A项意为“除了”；B项意为“不管”；C项意为“因为”，均与语境不符。故选D项。‎ B ‎(2019·甘肃省兰州市高考诊断考试)‎ When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't __1__， __2__ you child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things __3__！ Many people believe that they can __4__ two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is __5__. The reality is that multitasking __6__ poor job performance.‎ New handhelp __7__ such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and __8__ attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task __9__， such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “__10__， the brain actually __11__ kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing __12__ because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell.‎ ‎__13__ the appearance of handheld devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in __14__ performance, critical thinking skills and how information is __15__. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and __16__ to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的), to tune out and switch __17__ to Facebook or using their cell phones __18__ working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long __19__， multitasking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do __20__ on tests, resulting in lower grades.‎ ‎1．A.play B．understand C．use D．work ‎2．A.only if B．even though C．so that D．no wonder ‎3．A.at once B．right away C．in no time D．at random ‎4．A.advocate B．deal C．perform D．prefer ‎5．A.impossible B．important C．impatient D．impolite ‎6．A.results in B．results from C．exists in D．exists from ‎7．A.designs B．discoveries C．equipment D．evidence ‎8．A.attract B．draw C．pay D．share ‎9．A.at hand B．on time C．on schedule D．at times ‎10．A.Uncertainly B．Unfortunately C．Universally D．Undoubtedly ‎11．A.remains B．rewards C．regards D．reflects ‎12．A.better B．well C．bad D．worse ‎13．A.Since B．Before C．When D．While ‎14．A.accidental B．accurate C．accessible D．academic ‎15．A.produced B．processed C．possessed D．promoted ‎16．A.tend B．attend C．intend D．pretend ‎17．A.out B．on C．off D．over ‎18．A.except for B．rather than C．more than D．apart from ‎19．A.run B．walk C．journey D．distance ‎20．A.hardly B．successfully C．poorly D．mildly ‎【解题导语】本文主要讲述了孩子们同时做多项任务对学业所造成的负面影响。‎ ‎1．D　根据下文中的“The reality is that multitasking __6__ poor job performance”可推知，一次做很多事情并没有什么效果，work“奏效，起作用”。‎ ‎2．B　根据语境可知，空处上下句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，even though“即使，尽管”，符合语境。‎ ‎3．A　根据下文中的“Many people believe that they can __4__ two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情。at once“一起，同时”。‎ ‎4．C　根据语境可知，许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情。perform“做，执行，履行”。‎ ‎5．A　根据下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell认为同时做多个任务是不可能的。故A项正确。‎ ‎6．A　根据语境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同时做多项任务的结果很不好。result in“导致，造成”。‎ ‎7．C　根据空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此处表示新的便携式装备，故C项正确。下文13空后的“handheld devices”也是信息提示。‎ ‎8．D　根据下文中的“leading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任务容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。‎ ‎9．A　根据空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，这些都是手头要做的事。at hand“在手边”。‎ ‎10．B　根据第一段最后两句可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell并不赞成多任务行为，因此当大脑给这种行为以肯定或鼓励时，他认为是不幸的。‎ ‎11．B　根据空后的“even though”可知，空处与worse形成对比，由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为。reward“奖赏，报答”。‎ ‎12．D　根据上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕。‎ ‎13．A　结合空后现在完成时的运用可知，此处应用连词since“自从……之后”引导状语从句。‎ ‎14．D　根据上文的“teachers”可推知，老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异。academic“学术的”。‎ ‎15．B　根据下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，这些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式。process“处理”。‎ ‎16．A　根据空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a ‘difficult to understand’ topic”可知，孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题，他们的注意力往往会分散。tend to do sth.“往往会做某事”。‎ ‎17．D　根据语境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西。switch over to“转向”。‎ ‎18．B　根据语境可知，孩子们去玩手机或Facebook，而不是更努力地学习。rather than“而不是”。‎ ‎19．A　in the long run为固定短语，意为“从长远来看”‎ ‎，符合语境。‎ ‎20．C　根据空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差。‎ C ‎(2019·湖南省部分重点高中考前演练)‎ Hello, Mr. WiFi. Life without you is next to impossible now. We're happy to sing your name from morning till evening, sometimes till dawn. __1__ I know you help me, sometimes you're making me do things with __2__ attention. Many times I promise myself that I'll __3__ my feelings towards you, but you're __4__ me closer and closer... You've entered both my home and my __5__. You're just a window for our __6__ and information. But we people aren't __7__ only with the window. So we open all our __8__ for you. Is this a(n) __9__ or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness, is it curable? And if this is an attachment will you __10__ me to the lifelong togetherness?‎ We want you 24/7. Can't you take a few days off so that both you and I can __11__？ You're a poison — not a slow one but a super __12__ poison which holds our mind and makes us dance __13__ its tune. Nowadays you're so __14__ that anyone can buy and make you our __15__. You'll never be bothered about our health but we'll __16__ be concerned about your “health”. Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.‎ If you were a __17__ person made of flesh and blood (血肉之躯) would we love you the same? You __18__ us with your numerous talents and we even can't get rid of you. We're all you __19__. Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations __20__， but if they did why can't we?‎ ‎1．A.Now that B．Only if C．Though D．When ‎2．A.praised B．increased C．focused D．divided ‎3．A.keep in B．bring back C．approve of D．give up ‎4．A.drawing B．pushing C．forcing D．observing ‎5．A.space B．soul C．society D．workplace ‎6．A.entertainment B．argument C．expansion D．struggle ‎7．A.strict B．satisfied C．generous D．busy ‎8．A.thoughts B．eyes C．exits D．doors ‎9．A.disease B．inspiration C．routine D．phenomenon ‎10．A.recommend B．instruct C．commit D．adapt ‎11．A.persist B．relax C．progress D．balance ‎12．A.raw B．ambiguous C．strong D．fast ‎13．A.to B．against C．from D．within ‎14．A.affordable B．valuable C．conventional D．attractive ‎15．A.addition B．expert C．companion D．instrument ‎16．A.sometimes B．always C．never D．seldom ‎17．A.selfish B．dishonest C．responsible D．real ‎18．A.control B．scold C．comfort D．challenge ‎19．A.friends B．slaves C．colleagues D．employers ‎20．A.suffered B．connected C．survived D．surfed ‎【解题导语】作者用诙谐的语气质问WiFi，这呈现了现代人的一种通病，那就是对无线网络的依赖。‎ ‎1．C　根据语境可知，虽然(Though)作者知道WiFi帮助了自己，但是正是WiFi的特殊作用让作者在做事情的时候会分心。‎ ‎2．D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎3．A　根据语境可知，作者很多次都对自己承诺说要抑制(keep in)自己对WiFi的情感。bring back“使回忆起，使想起”；approve of“同意，赞成”；give up“放弃”。‎ ‎4．A　根据语境可知，此处形象生动地表现了作者不能抗拒WiFi对自己的吸引。draw“吸引”符合语境。force“强迫，迫使”；observe“观察”。‎ ‎5．B　WiFi进入了作者的家和灵魂中。下文中的“holds our mind”是关键提示。‎ ‎6．A　WiFi(本来)只是我们娱乐(entertainment)和获取信息的窗口。argument“争论”；expansion“扩张”；struggle“斗争，奋斗”。‎ ‎7．B　根据上文的“You're just a window for our... information”以及“But”所表示的转折关系可知，此处表示人们并不满足于(satisfied)WiFi仅仅是个“窗口(window)”。 strict“严格的”；generous“慷慨的”。‎ ‎8．D　此处表示人们将WiFi的作用扩大化，不仅仅满足于其作为窗口的作用，而是将所有的“门(doors)”打开迎接WiFi。某种程度上而言，door是window的“升级版”。‎ ‎9．A　结合下文中的“an illness”可知，作者疑惑的是自己和其他人对WiFi如此依赖的现象是否是一种病(disease)。inspiration“灵感”；routine“惯例”；phenomenon“现象”。‎ ‎10．C　如果对WiFi的情感是一种依赖的话，WiFi能保证与作者一生都亲密无间吗？commit意为“保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)，承诺”，符合语境。recommend“推荐”；instruct“教导”；adapt“适应”。‎ ‎11．B　WiFi不能给自己放几天假以便它和作者都能放松(relax)一下吗？persist“坚持”；progress“发展、(使)进步”；balance“平衡”。‎ ‎12．D　根据本句中的“not a slow one”可知，WiFi并不是慢性毒药，而是快速起效的毒药，故用fast与slow形成对比。raw“不熟练的”；ambiguous“含糊不清的”。‎ ‎13．A　WiFi是一种能控制人们的思想并使人们随着它的音调起舞的毒药。dance to表示“随着……跳舞”。‎ ‎14．A　根据下文中的“anyone can buy”可知，如今WiFi的价格是如此低廉以至于任何人都能买到，并使其成为人们的伴侣。affordable“支付得起的，不算太贵的”；valuable“有价值的”；conventional“传统的”；attractive“有吸引力的”。‎ ‎15．C　参见上题解析。下文中的“Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone”亦是提示。addition“加，添加”；companion“伴侣，伙伴”；instrument“工具”。‎ ‎16．B　毫无生命的WiFi是决不会在意其用户的健康的，但是用户们会一直担心WiFi的“健康”，此处用always与上文的“never”形成对比，强调人们对WiFi的在意程度。‎ ‎17．D　根据下文中的“person made of flesh and blood(血肉之躯)”可知，作者想知道如果WiFi成为拥有血肉之躯的真实的人，人们是否会一样喜欢它。selfish“自私的”；dishonest“不诚实的”‎ ‎；responsible“负责任的”。‎ ‎18．A　根据上文作者介绍的人们对WiFi的依赖及下文中的“we even can't get rid of you”可知，人们离开了WiFi简直无法生活下去，而本句中的“with your numerous talents”正是WiFi控制人们的方式。control“控制”；scold“责备”；comfort“安慰”；challenge“挑战”。‎ ‎19．B　根据语境可知，WiFi控制了人们，也就是说人们成了被其掌控的奴隶(slaves)。colleague“同事”；employer“雇主”。‎ ‎20．C　根据语境尤其是本句中的“in the previous generations”可知，作者非常疑惑的是在早期没有WiFi的时候人们是如何存活(survived)下来的。suffer“受苦”；connect“联系”；surf“冲浪”。‎