2015年浙江高考英语试题和答案及构词法分析 23页

免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 1 - 2015 2015 年浙江省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试学科网 英 语 试 题 选择题部分(共 80 分) 第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节:单项填空(共 20 小题;每小题 0.5 分，满分 10 分) 从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号 涂黑。 1. —Hi, John. Are you busy? — A. Yes. I do agree. B. Yes. That would be nice. C. No. Are you sure? D. No. What’s up? 2. Jane's grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way. A. a; 不填 B. the; the C.不填;the D. a; the 3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? A. about B. to C. with D. over 4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak. A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. mustn’t D needn’t 5. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download 6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water. A. what B. who C. that D. whoever 7. Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away 8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 9. a single world can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. A. Just as B. Even though C. Until D. Unless 10. Most people work because it's unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work. A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion 11. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts. A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across 12. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 13. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was alive. A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently 14. Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering. A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive 15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive 16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea? A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split 17. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 2 - A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of 18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed 19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 20. 一 Why don't you consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou? 一 . A. I wouldn’t mind that B. Then we’ll get there quickly C. Let’s call it a day D. It’s not a requirement 第二节:完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 20 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21-40 各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C 和 D) 中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford. I've watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 21 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 22 , they seem to have it made. On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with Iongtime roommates, and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year's monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars. The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 . People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32 the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s 34 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押贷款）to 35 , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 36 in their lives, but it’s 37 to step off the track. In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most. 21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project 31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take of B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced 第二部分： 阅读理解（第一节共 20 小题，第二节 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 50 分） 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 3 - 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上 将该选项标号涂黑。 A From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they "know" all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously. One day soon after school had started, I said to them, "Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. " The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr. Holt, do you really mean that?" I said just as seriously, "I mean every word of it. During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, "It can't be," and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in edition with woodcuts. I said, "Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going?" She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. " This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of "understanding" that can be dug out of a book. 41. According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from_______ . A. reading little and thinking little B. reading often and adventurously C. being made to read too much D. being made to read aloud before others 42. The teacher told his students to read_______ . A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams 43. Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that______ . A. it sounded stupid B. it was not surprising at all C. it sounded too good to be true D. it was no different from other teachers' talk 44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage? A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading. B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. 45. From the teacher's point of view,_______ . A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information B Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers，percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret . That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data. Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story . The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text . Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 4 - Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures. Bar Graphs A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1). Line Graphs A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the Same parts as a bar graph — two labeled axes — and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it's important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points, This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2). The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that, on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration. Pie Graphs A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole. A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month's expense, (See Graph 3 ). Food $ 25 Movies $ 12 Clothing $ 36 Savings $ 20 Books $ 7 46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____. A. a guide to the symbols and colors B. an introduction paragraph C. the main idea D. the data 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 5 - 47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ? A .4. B.6. C.10. D.20 . 48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____ A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4 49. Which of the following cost Amy most ? A. Food. B. Books C. Movies D. Clothing. C If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact , even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design， which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural l world , some aspect or life is affected . In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost. We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet( 磁 铁 ). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself. Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead. 50. According to the passage, human being _______ . A. prefer to live in the darkness B. are used to living in the day light C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon 51. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A. The night. B. The moon C. The sky D. The planet 52. The writer mentions birds and frogs to _______ . A. provide examples of animal protection B. show how light pollution affects animals C. compare the living habits of both species D. explain why the number of certain species has declined 53. It is implied in the last paragraph that________. A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C. human beings cannot go to the outer space D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe 54. What might be the best title for the passage? A. The Magic light. B. The Orange Haze. 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 6 - C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature. D In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust. But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it.” Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe you .” We will . We promise. They didn’t . From day two ( everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life ( small , medium , and large ) , she calculated , “The medium one is the sucker in the pack .” Quickly , she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld ( 心灵融合 ) . She’d look at me with those sad brown wyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time, she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television . Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised . Not fair , I’d balk ( 不心甘情愿地做 ) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home . Then one day — January 1 , 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病 ) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort . During those six months of hospitalizations ,Becky , 12 at the time , adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with. As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise. When serious illness visits your household, it's not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently. Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or bone marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow. I'm grateful 一 to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy my walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment. 55. Why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story? A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble. B. It would be her business to take care of the dog C. Her husband and daughter were united as one. D. She didn't want to spoil her daughter. 56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.” (Paragraph 3)? A. “The middle-aged person loves me most.” B. “The medium-sized woman is the hostess.” C. “The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.” 57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______. A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 7 - C. the writer was a slow learner D. no one walked Misty the first day 58.The story came to its turning point when________. A. Joe died in 2009 B. Joe fell ill in 2007 C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort. D. She didn't want Misty to be others companion. 60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage? A. One should learn to enjoy hard times. B .A disaster can change everything in life. C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead. D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty. 第二节:下面文章中有 5 个段落需要添加首句(第 61-65 题)。请从以下选项(A, B, C, D, E 和 F)中选出适合各段落的首句，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是 多余选项。 A. Come in with something to say. B. Prepare general comments. C. Bring materials with you. D. Don’t make them wait. E. Have no fear. F. Go it alone. One of the best things you can do any time in the semester is go see the professor. So hoof on over to an office hour and have some one-on-one face time with someone who’ll help you master the material and improve your grade, to boot. But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count: 61. ________ No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actually like to see you and answer your questions. Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well. And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you’re gong to ask will set the record for stupidity. 62. _________ Even though you might feel more comfortable going with a friend or partner, the office hour will go better if it’s just you and the professor. You’ll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what you need most help on, and two-party communication is almost always more productive than committee work. You friend can wait outside for the discussion. 63. __________ If you can’t make the official office hours, most professors are willing to make individual, appointments to help you out. If you’re lucky enough to land such an accommodation, though, be sure you’re 100 percent on time. There’s nothing that ticks off a professor more than making him-or herself available for a custom office hour only to find that you don’t care enough to come on time. And besides, the professor might leave after ten minutes, which would make your trip a total loss. 64. _________ If you’re meeting with the professor to go over a paper or test, or to ask questions about a particular lecture or reading, make sure you bring that paper or test, or your lecture notes or a copy of the article. The professor doesn’t remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work—though he or she will be able to recall them after just a brief glance at your work. And if you have your lecture notes or the article in hand, you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing to you, rather than just talking in a general way about the contents. 65. _________ Office hours almost always go better if you bring a few specific questions to the meeting. It’s almost never good to start a meeting with general comments such as:“I didn’t understand what you said about [main topic of the course]”or“I couldn’t understand any of your lectures last week.”Much better is to come in with two or three conversation-starters, about a specific concept, point, or problem you didn’t understand. Keep in mind that in a fifteen-minute office hour (which is how long these things usually last), two or three questions are usually the most you’ll have time to discuss. 非选择题部分（共 40 分） 第三部分：写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节：短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 下面短文中有 10 处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 8 - 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 例如： It was very nice to get your invitation to spent∧weekend with you. Luckily the I was completely free then, so I’ll to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m. am in Friday evening. on My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. 第二节：书面表达（满分 30 分） 在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人， 还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”为题，用英文写一篇 100～120 个词的短文。要求如下： 1.从以上两种做法中选择一种； 2.以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。 注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试 作弊行为认定。 When I Have a Different Opinion 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节：单项填空（10 分，每小题 0.5 分） 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.D 19C 20.A 第二节：完型填空（20 分，每小题 1 分） 21.D 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.A 33.D 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.B 第二部分：阅读理解（50 分，每小题 2 分） 41.D 42.A 43.C 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.C 49.D 50.B 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.C 55.B 56.D 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.C 61.E 62.F 63.D 64.C 65.A 第三部分：写作（共两节，40 分） 第一节：短文改错（10 分，每小题 1 分） My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I sides of enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I sitting could easy see the football field .In the morning, it was full of students exercising. The view from 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 9 - easily the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with was many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. it On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in ∧hurry in a the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If feel Although/Though I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. One possible version: When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly. Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. An alternative student version: When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority. The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more. 从 2014 年对全国各省市高考英语试题中对词汇构词法的考查统计 中可以看出，浙江高考英语试题的构词考查名列全国前茅，可以称得 上对考纲词汇灵活运用的典范。英语语法不单是体现在造句中，更体 现在组词中。在组词造句中无时无处不在体现着英语的语法精髓。课 标语法的考查形式是多种多样的。 2015 年高考英语试题汇总解析 2015 年高考英语试题（课标 I 卷）词汇总体解剖分析表 【试题总词汇：2800 个（不包括数字，标点等非英语字符） 净词汇（去除重复单词）：1021 个】 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 10 - 初中词汇（个） 高中词汇（个） 总计 合成词 8 10 18 派生词 22 37 59 词尾词 170 45 215 专有名词及缩写词 53 53 课标词 513 104 617 超标本词 59 59 总计（去重） 766 255 1021 2015 年高考英语试题（课标 II 卷）词汇总体解剖分析表 【试题总词汇：3060 个（不包括数字，标点等非英语字符；含听力） 净词汇（去除重复单词）：941 个】 初中词汇（个） 高中词汇（个） 总计 合成词 5 12 17 派生词 22 22 44 词尾词 176 42 218 专有名词及缩写词 31 31 课标词 503 95 597 超标本词 33 33 总计（去重） 737 204 941 （以上数据由 “题汇精灵”软件提供） 注：高中英语电子审题管理系统（题汇精灵）是《山东省 2014 年中小学幼儿园电教软件推荐 目录》产品。编号：100-3-1. 在今年的试题中，1.派生词如: watery, juicy; retiree, exporter; gratefulness, brightness，betrayal, recreational, unfailingly(永恒地；确实) ，prehistoric, skinny, discontinued,等关系到常见前后缀-er, -ee, -y, pre-,-ness, -al, dis-, un- 等的用法。 2. 合 成 词 downsize, intake, overeating, self-conscious, best-built, mealtimes, homemaker, getaway(短假), masterworks, one-bedroom, red-painted, showman, sunsets 等关系到合成词的构 词方法。 派生词与合成词的多少对试题的难度有很大影响，这是平时教学中应该引起重视的词汇 或语法项目。那么怎样掌握这些由构词法变化而来的课标词汇呢？高考英语课标 I 卷、II 卷 年 级分 类 年 级分 类 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 11 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 12 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 13 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 14 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 15 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 16 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 17 - 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 18 - the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening，the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.(总词 汇：276 个；净词汇：150 个) ﹡Rashid[rɑ:'ʃi:d] 拉希德 （男名）； ﹡restore[rɪˈstɔ:(r)] v.归还；交还；(使)恢复 1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A．Go shopping. B．Find a house. C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation. 2．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ______. A．a friend of his family B．a Sydney policeman C．a letter in his papers D．a stranger in Sydney 3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A．Showed. B．Sent out. C．Delivered. D．Gave back. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．From India to Australia. B．Living in a New Country. C．Turning Trash to Treasure. D．In Search of New Friends. 答案： 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。“我”丈夫到达悉尼之后，把他的重要 文件和护照丢了，就在他陷入绝望的时候，一个陌生人打来电话并把他女儿在垃圾桶捡到的 文件完好无损地归还给他。 1.B 细节理解题。从第一段中的“...looking for a house for me and our children.”可知， Rashid 到了悉尼之后，计划为家人寻找一座房子。 2.C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知，女孩的父母是从文件的一封信中找到了 Rashid 的电话号码。 3.D 词义猜测题。从最后一段最后一句“We still remember their kindness...”可知，那一家 人把 Rashid 的文件还给了他。由此推出画线词 restored 意为“归还”，故选 D 项。 4.C 主旨大意题。标题要与文章的内容相关，既要有高度的概括性，同时又能吸引读者 的注意力。Turning Trash to Treasure 既能体现出本文出现的 trash，也能体现出所捡到的文件的 重要性。该标题中的 treasure 与 trash 相呼应，既概括出了故事的内容又能够引起读者的兴趣。 【译文】 失而复得 我的丈夫，拉希德，自己从印度抵达悉尼，在给我和我们的孩子寻找房子时在酒店小住 了一段时间。 他呆在旅馆的第一周，有一天他出去购物，傍晚回来时发现他的手提箱不见了。他非常 担心，因为在手提箱里有他所有的重要证件，包括他的护照。 他向警方报了案，然后坐在那里，坐在在一个陌生的城市里，感到失落和孤独，当打算 在一个新地方安定下来时，又想起了在遥远国度里需要把所有文件重新办理，真是麻烦死了。 在晚上，电话响了。那是一个陌生人。他试图叫出我丈夫的名字，同时向我丈夫问了很 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 19 - 多问题。然后他说他们在人行道旁的垃圾桶里发现了一堆证件。 我的丈夫赶到他们的家中，发现这个善良的家庭持有他所有的证件和文件。他们的小女 儿曾去过垃圾桶处，于是发现了一堆陌生的证件。虽然看到在大多数的文件中主要是国外地 址，但是她的父母还是精心整理了出来，最后他们见到了一封写了一半的的信，在这封信中 我丈夫告诉了他一个朋友自己的新电话号码。 那天那个家庭不仅让我们找到了重要文件，也让我们恢复了信仰和对人的信任。我们还 记得他们的善良，并且经常送上温馨的祝福回报他们。 第十九课时(The nineteenth period) Passage 2 （2014 全国 E 篇：应用文, 题材为电影广告类；Title: 《少年特工科迪●班克斯》） 。。。。。。 。。。。。。 考纲词汇(Syllabus words) 附录一 考纲课标 3500 词(逆序) 篇首语：2015 年全国课标卷对词汇的要求首次达到或超过课标（实验）词汇，所谓超过是指 比课标（实验）词汇多出了 9 个美式拼写（aluminum, behavior, cozy, jewelry, judgment, kilometer, millimeter, traveler, woolen）1 个英式拼写(organisation）,1 个 us, 1 个 lie 的过去式和过去分词(lay, lain)共计 13 个单词。本词汇表首次采用逆序排列，避免学生记忆单词的审美疲劳和望洋兴叹; 而且每 38-40 个单词为一组，可以作为一天的记忆量，共计约 90 组，可享受 90 天无障碍逍遥 记忆游。 A America [əˈmerɪkə] n. 美国；美洲 Africa [ˈæfrɪkə] n. 非洲 panda [ˈpændə] n. 熊猫 agenda [əˈdʒendə] n. （会议）议程表，议 事日程 idea [aɪˈdɪə] n. 主意,意见,打算,想法 pea [piː]n. 豌豆 area [ˈeərɪə] n. 面积；地域，地方，区域； 范围，领域 sea [siː] n. 海，海洋 tea [tiː] n. 茶；茶叶 sofa [ˈsəʊfə] n. （长）沙发 media [ˈmiːdɪə] n. 大众传播媒介 Oceania [ˈəʊsɪɑːnɪə]* n. 大洋洲 cafeteria [kæfɪˈtɪərɪə] n. 自助餐厅 Asia [ˈeɪʃə] n. 亚洲 via [ˈvaɪə] prep. 经过（某地），通过 umbrella [ʌmˈbrelə] n. 雨伞 grandma [ˈɡrænmɑː, ˈɡrændmɑː] (= grandmother) n. 奶奶；外婆 cinema [ˈsɪnəmə] n. 电影院；电影 dilemma [daɪˈlemə] n.（进退两难的）窘境， 困境 diploma [dɪˈpləʊmə] n.毕业文凭；学位证书 banana [bəˈnɑːnə; (US) bəˈnænə] n. 香蕉 cocoa [ˈkəʊkəʊ] n. 可可粉 grandpa [ˈɡrænpɑː, ˈɡrændpɑː] (= grandfather) n.爷爷,外公 algebra [ˈældʒɪbrə] n. 代数 zebra [ˈzebrə, ˈziːbrə] n. 斑马 camera [ˈkæmərə] n. 照相机；摄像机 opera [ˈɔpərə]n. 歌剧 extra [ˈekstrə] adj. 额外的，外加的 visa [ˈviːzə] n. 签证，背签 data [ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə; (US) ˈdætə] n. 资料， 数据 B cab [kæb] n. （美）出租车 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 20 - lab [ˈlæb] (= laboratory)[ləˈbɔrətərɪ] n. 实 验室 ——★★★★★★★★★★★—— web [web] n. 网，网状物 lamb [læm] n. 羔羊 climb [klaɪm] v. 爬，攀登 bomb [bɔm] n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸 comb [kəʊm] n. 梳子 v. 梳 tomb [tuːm] n. 坟墓 numb [nʌm] adj. 麻木的，失去知觉的，迟 钝的 job [dʒɔb] n. （一份）工作 rob [rɔb] v. 抢夺，抢劫 sob [səʊp]n.& v. 抽泣，啜泣 herb [hɜːb; (US) ɜːrb] n. 草药 superb [suːˈpɜːb] adj. 卓越的,质量极高的 absorb [əbˈsɔːb] v. 吸收，使全神贯注 disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] vt. 扰乱；打扰 club [klʌb] n. 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花 pub [pʌb] n. 酒店，酒吧 bathtub ['bɑ:θtʌb] n. 澡盆 C BC [biːˈsiː] n. 公元前 cubic [ˈkjuːbɪk] adj.立方体的，立方形的 traffic [ˈtræfɪk] n. 交通，来往车辆 Pacific [pəˈsɪfɪk]adj. 太平洋的 specific [spɪˈsɪfɪk]adj.明确的,具体的,独特 的 scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] adj. 科学的 magic [ˈmædʒɪk] adj. 有魔力的 allergic [əˈlɜːdʒɪk] adj. 过敏的，厌恶 public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj.公共,公众的 n. 公众 republic [rɪˈpʌblɪk] n. 共和国 ——★★★★★★★★★★★—— 。。。。。。。。 附 录 九 考 纲 词 语 大 全 （ Exam syllabus expressions） 篇首语 根据考纲和不同版本教材（人教、外 研、苏教、沪教、北师大等）以及高考原题 总结了一千多条常用短语和搭配。并且为了 便于正确使用这些重要词语，在短语的主语、 宾语、定语位置增添了名词。其中带﹡的短 语或单词属于考纲之外的九级词语，供有余 力的考生掌握。 A be familiar with B (B be familiar to A) A 熟 悉 B ﹡A be inferior to B A 劣于 B A be opposite to B A 与 B 相反 ﹡A be superior to B A 优于 B a bunch of flowers 一束花 a couple of 几个、一些、三两个(接可数名词 复数) a crowd of 一群、许多 a developed /developing country 一个发达/ 发展中国家 ﹡a farewell party 告别晚会 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情 a great deal of (money )大笔/大量的(钱) a job interview 工作面试 a lack of 缺乏 a large quantity of/large quantities of 大量的 a loaf of bread 一个面包 a missing child(a lost child) 失踪的孩子 a narrow escape 九死一生 a place of entertainment 娱乐场所 ﹡a series of 一系列的 a short cut 近路/捷径 ﹡a small portion of 一小部分 a total of 总计……(接数词) a variety of/varieties of (rare animals)各种各 样的(稀有动物) a wide range of 广泛的;种类繁多的 a year and a half 一年半 abandon oneself to (playing video games)沉溺 于(玩电子游戏) above / below average 在平均水平以上/以下 above all 最为重要的是 accept …as…把……承认作…… ﹡accept/ take/ receive a bribe 受贿 accompany sb to (the station)陪某人到(车站) ﹡according to 根据、依照 account for 解释;占…… accuse sb of 指控某人…… achieve one’s goal to do sth.实现某人做某事 的目标 acid rain 酸雨 act as 担任；充当 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 21 - adapt oneself to sth./doing （ be adapted to sth./ doing）适应于（做）某事 add to (beauty/difficulties)增添了(美丽/困难) add up to 合计达…… address sth. to sb. 给某人讲…… admire sb. for sth. 因某事羡慕/钦佩某人 admit doing / that 承认做了某事 advertise for 登广告招聘…… advise doing sth 建议做某事 advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事 after a while 过了一会儿 after all 毕竟 against one’s will 不情愿地;违心地 agree on／upon sth..就……达成一致 agree to do sth 同意做某事 agree to one’s suggestion/﹡proposal 同意某 人的建议 agree with sb / what sb says 同意某人/某人所 说的话 说明 —————— 源于 20 年全国各省市高考真题 ———————— —————源于全国各省市考纲、考试说明和人教外研教材中的构词法————- ————————-源于高科技产品“题汇精灵”软件的鼎力支持—————— 全国各地高一、高二、高三学生 “词篇”，“句篇”，“语篇”，“考纲词汇” “词篇”是从构词法的角度，对考纲以及教材中出现的重要前后缀，通过【熟知】词汇， 引出【应知】构词方法的讲解和 2000-2014 年高考原题中出现的【应知】派生词，和【须知】 词汇练习，【须知】词汇与【应知】词汇同源。然后根据【应知】【须知】内容，完成 2014 年 【高考原题】中的派生词练习。该部分共计 15 课时。 选材 受众 栏目 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 22 - “句篇”是从高考英语试题中长难句的角度，通过 Part ○1 长难句与考题，使我们认识 到很多考题与长难句有直接关系，长难句弄不懂，考题就会做错，从而失分。通过 Part ○2 长 难句与翻译，使我们认识到虽然有些长难句不影响做题，但是影响阅读，句意不容易理解。 通过【分析】中的语法剖析和句子结构简析，让我们透彻地理解长难句的含义。这两部分都 有对应的 2014 年【高考原题】练习。该部分共计 2 课时。 “语篇”的出发点是用最短的时间掌握 3500 考纲词汇。与孤立地记忆词汇不同的是，这 是在语篇中理解词汇，掌握词汇的语境用法。如此以来不单单是掌握了单词的词义和用法， 同时也掌握了句子结构，无论对提高阅读速度，提高阅读理解答题正确率，还是对于“书面 表达”造句子都有无比重要的作用。该“语篇”是利用“题汇精灵”软件精选了 20 篇 2009-2014 年不同题材，不同体裁的高考原篇，并且带有原题。对于背诵来说，20 篇文章用 40 个晨读时 间就差不多了。所以无论是高一高二的学生还是高三最后冲刺的一个多月，充分利用好 20 篇， 英语成绩定会更上一层楼。该部分共计 21 课时。 “考纲词汇”附录了“考纲词汇 3500”供学生掌握。本词汇表首次采用逆序排列，避免 学生记忆单词的审美疲劳和望洋兴叹;而且每 38-40 个单词为一组，可以作为一天的记忆量， 共计约 90 组，可享受 90 天无障碍逍遥记忆游。另外，还为英语基础特别好，有余力扩充词 汇，或者说冲击 211，985 学校，奔向清华北大的高材生准备的 1000 词汇。这 1000 多词汇不 是从大学四、六级词汇随意选的，而是作为高中生达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》里 要求的最高级别“九级”必须掌握的词汇。掌握了这些词汇，可以说不低于大学四六级英语 水平了。 本书配有“词篇”“句篇”的大量对应配套练习，是对 2014 年除外的 2000 年-2015 年及 其以后各年【高考原题】中出现的构词法词汇，长难句的集中训练，以求对高考构词法彻底 掌握，排除阅读理解障碍。 国内首创： 1. 高中课标九级词汇汇总 。 2．高考词汇 3500 逆序排列。 3．高考九级千余短语汇总。 4．高考构词法例解练最全。 5．信息技术与英语教辅高度融合。 总之，信息技术的快速发展使本书的编写如虎添翼。 自勉对联：精神到处文章老 学问深时意气平 2013 年部分合成词对应练习题 102. We explored side roads，catching grasshoppers in _______（齐腰高的） grass. (2013 天津) 训练 首创 免费索取可编辑的 Word 版：englishbz@163.com - 23 - waist-high 103. We're so _______(自觉的) about our “right” to it that it's making us miserable. (2013 天津) self-conscious 104. On August 5,2012，at 10：31 p．m.，the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars，and I was honored to have a ______(前排) seat in NASA. (2013 天津) front-row 105. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that they had no _______（现成的） components.(2013 上海) ready-made 106. Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”．In other words，whether you're seeking ________（终生的） satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer，you've got to move forward. (2013 安徽) life-long 107. So a company offered to create a ________(人造的) tail for her.(2013 北京) man-made 108. We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ______. A．has become a ________（非官 方的） event(2013 全国大纲卷) non-official 109. Offer to be your mother's health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visits whether a disease or a regular medical ______(体检). (2013 全国大纲卷) check-up 110. The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's _______( 康 乐 ) and a dream of harmony，peace and development.(2013 福建) well-being 111. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned，there is also the ________（建立） of friendships to consider.（2013 江西）build-up 112. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another _______(多岩的/被岩石包围的) Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise （天堂） on earth’． （2013 江西）rock-bound 113. So sad and _______(心碎的)，she didn't go any further.(2013 辽宁) heart-broken 114. We make our own butter，enjoying the smell of _______(家庭做的) fresh bread. (2013 辽宁) home-made 115. In studies of job performance，outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs，from ______（半 熟练的） labor to sales and management，depends on conscientiousness.(2013 江苏) semi-skilled 116. Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up getting a ______(全职的)job with the company.(2013 浙江) full-time