高考英语一轮复习 模块 10页

Unit 2 Fit for life 一、重点词汇 熟记下列单词 chew v.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃 applaud v.鼓掌；称赞，赞许 circulate v.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅 needle. n.针，针头；指针 ‎ operating theatre n.手术室 life-saving adj.救命的，救生的 cupboard n.橱柜；食物柜；衣柜 counter n.柜台；计数器；反驳 tablet n.药片；丸；牌，匾，碑 best-selling adj.畅销的 vital adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的 heart attack n.心脏病发作 surgeon n.外科医师 blood sugar n.血糖 abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 mass production n.批量生产 symptom n.症状；征兆 outcome n.结果，后果 dull adj.钝的，不锋利的；迟钝的 pressure point n.压觉点、止血点 sword n.剑，刀 stainless steel n.不锈钢 sharp adj.锋利的；急剧的；灵敏的 complex adj.复杂的，难懂的 pulse n.脉，脉搏；脉冲 heartbeat n.心跳 wrist n.手腕，腕关节 organ n.器官；管风琴，风琴 alcoholic n.酒鬼 theory n.理论，学说 acid n.酸，酸性物质 adj. 酸的，酸性的，酸味的，尖酸的 potential n.可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的，可能的 词性(词形)变化 sickness n.疾病；恶心，呕吐→sick adj.生病的；恶心的，呕吐的 bleed v.流血，失血→blood n. 血 ‎ phenomenon n. 现象→phenomena (复数形式)‎ beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n. 利益，好处 v. 有助于，受益 possess v.拥有，具有→possession n. [C，常用复数]所有物；财产[U]具有，拥有 astonish v.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonished adj.吃惊的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的 ‎→astonishment n. 惊讶，吃惊 application n. 应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷→apply vi.申请 vt.应用；涂，敷 ‎→applicant n. 申请人 effective adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的→effect n. 结果，效果 approval n. 批准，通过；赞成，同意→approve vt.批准，同意 vi.赞成 reasonable adj.合理的，有理由的；公道的；明智的→reason n. 理由 arrangement n. 排列，布置；安排；约定，协议→arrange v. 安排，筹划；整理，排列，布置 addicted adj.上瘾；入迷→addict vt.使沉溺，使上瘾 n. 入迷的人，有瘾的人 ‎→addiction n. 沉溺；上瘾；入迷→addictive adj.使人上瘾的 relate v.联系，把……联系起来；叙述，讲述→related adj.有关的，相联系的 ‎→relation n. 联系，关联，关系；亲戚，亲属；亲戚关系，亲属关系 ‎→relative adj. 相关的；相对的；相互有关的；比较而言的 n.亲属，亲戚；相关物；亲缘植物(或动物)‎ subscribe v. 定期订购或订阅→subscriber n. 订阅者；订购者；捐助者 ‎→subscription n. 订阅，订购；捐助；签字，签署 chemist药剂师，药商；化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的 revolution n.巨变，大变革；革命→revolutionary adj. 革命的，革命性的，创新的 n. 革命者，革新者 accelerate v. (使)加速→acceleration n.加速，(物理)加速度 ‎ unable adj.不能，无法→able adj.能，能够→disable v. 使无能力，使残废，使伤残，使无资格，使不中用 短语 英语 汉语意义 英语 汉语意义 in large quantities 大量地 ‎ in place of 代替 ‎ try out 测试，试验；参加选拔 be addicted to 对……上隐，痴迷 let out 放出，发出 take measures 采取措施 look around ‎ 环顾 ‎ burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 turn up ‎ 出现，到场，开大(声音) ‎ be beneficial to ‎ 对……有益 fill in ‎ 填写 in …form / in the form of ‎ 以……形式 split up ‎ 分开，分离 carry out ‎ 执行，进行 a handful of ‎ 少数的，少量的 manage to do sth. ‎ 设法做成某件事 ‎ be cautious about 对……小心谨慎 fade away 逐渐消失 subscribe to 同意，赞成 come up with ‎ 提出 ‎ open up 打开；开拍 wear sb. out ‎ 使筋疲力尽；使厌烦 ‎ focus on ‎ 集中于 ‎ make out ‎ 分辨出；弄明白 ‎ pick out 认出，辨别出，精心挑选 be aware of 知道；意识到 含重点词汇的教材原句(划线部分)‎ ‎1.【教材原句】Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.(P18) 自这两种药被发明以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。‎ ‎2.【教材原句】Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.(P18)将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。‎ ‎3.【教材原句】Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.(P18)结果证明是阿司匹林不仅对退烧和镇痛极为重要，而且对其他病症也有辅助作用。‎ ‎4.【教材原句】Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the blood circulate better. (P18) 美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。‎ ‎5.【教材原句】It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead，which meant that the mould ‎ had killed them.(P19)令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。‎ ‎6. 【教材原句】He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria. (P19) 他立刻意识到这种霉或许能用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。‎ ‎7.【教材原句】Since the new drug was needed for World War Ⅱ，the government approval process for ‎ penicillin was accelerated, and mass production began in 1944.(P19)因为二战期间需要这种新药，所以政府审批青霉素的程序加快，并于1944年开始批量生产。‎ ‎8.【教材原句】adjusting lighting arrangements(P27)调整照明设施 ‎9.【教材原句】The main needle now used for acupuncture is fine and sharp. (P30)‎ 如今，用于针刺疗法的主针细而锋利。‎ ‎10.【教材原句】Some people have also used acupuncture to treat smokers, alcoholics and people who are addicted to drugs. (P31) 有些人也用针刺疗法来治疗吸烟者、酗酒者以及对毒品上瘾的人。‎ ‎11.【教材原句】Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of chemicals in the body which reduce pain.(P33)另一种理论则将针灸和人体内减少疼痛的化学物质的生成联系起来。‎ ‎12.【教材原句】Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too. (P19)弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。‎ ‎13.【教材原句】Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during the war. (P19)‎ ‎ 正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间的很多生命得以挽救。‎ ‎14.【教材原句】Today I feel worn out.(P25)今天我感到筋疲力尽。‎ ‎15.【教材原句】...and a needle like a small sword，used for letting liquid out of body parts which had swollen up...(P30)形似小剑的针，用于将液体从身体的肿胀部位导出……‎ ‎16.【教材原句】A lot of people now subscribe to these theories. (P31)很多人现在都认同这些理论。‎ 二、经典句型 考点-1.if省略句 ‎【教材原句】Have you ever seen a doctor？If so, what happened？(P17)‎ 你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事？‎ ‎ ‎ 考点-3. prove用作连系动词时的句型 ‎【教材原句】Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.(P18)自这两种药被发明以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 三、语法自主复习 复习本单元的Grammar and usage：连系动词。‎ 连系动词 连系动词亦称系动词(Linking verb)，连系动词本身有词汇意义，但不能单独构成动词词组，它后面必须带有表语(如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、过去分词或从句等)形成所谓“系表结构”。有一些行为动词可以充当半连系动词，后面常接形容词作表语。‎ 一、连系动词的种类 ‎1.状态系动词 这类连系动词表示主语某种状态的持续。常见的有be(是), remain (依然)，keep (‎ 保持)，stay (保持)，lie (处于……状态)等。‎ ‎①她整个晚上都沉默不语，我们为她担心。‎ She remained silent all night, and we all worried about her.‎ ‎②这本书翻开着放在桌子上。‎ The book lay open on the desk.‎ ‎ ③In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.‎ A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck ‎ ‎ ‎2.表象系动词 这类连系动词常见的有seem (似乎是), appear (似乎，显得)等。‎ ‎①在我们的祖父母看来，他的画似乎是荒唐可笑的。‎ In the eyes of our grandparents, his painting seemed absurd.‎ ‎②他看起来也许很傻，但实际上他很聪明。‎ He may appear a fool, but actually he's quite clever.‎ 注意：(1)seem 和appear后可以接to do, to be doing以及to have done的形式，也可用于句型：It seems/appears that ＋主语＋其他。‎ 他好像做了很多实验。‎ He seems to have carried out plenty of experiments.‎ ‎(＝It seems that he has carried out plenty of experiments.)‎ ‎(2)seem后还可以接as if/as though引导的表语从句。根据语境的不同，从句可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。‎ ‎①他好像对新工作又失去了兴趣。‎ It seems as if he has lost interest in his new job again.‎ ‎②好像已经是春天了。‎ It seems as if it were spring already.‎ ‎ (3)seem不能用于进行时；appear还可以用作实义动词，有各种时态的变化。‎ ‎①Look at the pride on Tom's face. He ______to have been praised by the manager just now.‎ A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed ‎ ‎ D. is seeming ‎ ‎ ‎②The great chance he has been looking forward to ________at last A. appear B. Appearing C. Has appeared D. appeared ‎ ‎ ‎3.感官系动词 这类连系动词是与五种感觉器官相关的动词。常见的有look(看起来)，feel (摸上去)，smell (闻起来)，taste (尝起来)，sound (听起来)等。‎ ‎①What he says sounds reasonable.‎ 他的话听起来有道理。‎ ‎②This kind of cloth feels very soft.‎ 这种布手感很软。‎ ‎③Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what ________ nice.‎ A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes ‎ ‎ ‎4.变化系动词 这类连系动词表示主语从一种状态进入另一种状态。常见的有become, turn, grow, go, come, fall, get等。‎ ‎①我们的国家变得越来越强大了。‎ Our state is getting/becoming stronger and stronger.‎ ‎②机器出故障了，找人修修吧。‎ The machine went wrong. Let's have it repaired.‎ ‎③天气变得寒冷多风。‎ The weather has turned cold and windy.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 注意：①turn 后接表示职业的单数可数名词作表语时 名词前一般不用冠词， 但若该名词前有形容词修饰时，名词前一般不用冠词;但若该名词前有形容词修饰时,则需要加冠词。‎ 这位年轻的工人成了一名作家。‎ The young worker has turned writer.‎ 她成了一名成功的歌手。‎ She has turned a successful singer. ②go常指情况往坏处转变，后多接贬义词。come 一般指“好”的变化 这肉变味了。‎ The meat has gone bad. ‎ 她的梦想实现了。‎ Her dream has come true. ‎ ‎ ‎ 二、使用系动词时应注意的问题 ‎1.有些系动词与表语已成固定搭配。‎ fall asleep入睡 fall ill生病 go mad发疯 go hungry挨饿 come true变成现实，实现 keep silent/calm保持沉默/保持安静 keep/stay calm保持镇定/冷静，保持安静 keep still 保持静止不动 lie awake睡不着 stand still 站着不动 ‎①Attention, please! And keep ________ when I am taking a photograph of you.‎ A. still B. calm C. quiet D. silent ‎ ‎ ‎②Don’t eat the food that has gone bad, otherwise you will _______.‎ A. fall ill B. fall silent C. fall asleep D. fall in love ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎③If you make every effort, your dream will ________, and this ________ all the people.‎ A. be come true; is true to B. come true; is true of C. realize; is true for D. be realized; is true to ‎ ‎ ‎④Emergency line operators must always _______calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.‎ A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay ‎ ‎ ‎2.少数系动词feel, get, become, grow等可用于进行时态，表示“渐渐”之意或表示一种感情色彩。‎ 冬天来了，天越来越冷了。‎ Winter is coming, and it is getting/becoming colder and colder.‎ 你现在好点了吗？‎ Are you feeling better now?‎ ‎3.所有连系动词都没有被动语态。‎ ‎________ so delicious, the food was sold out soon.‎ A. Tasted B. Tasting C. Having been tasted D. Being tasted ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎