三年高考 英语 分类汇编 专题 语法填空 20页

三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编 专题21 语法填空 ‎ 一、2019年高考真题 ‎ ‎1. 【2019·全国卷I】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.‎ Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。‎ ‎ 61. ‎ ‎【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。‎ ‎ 62. ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。‎ ‎ 63. ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。‎ ‎ 64. ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。‎ ‎ 65. ‎ ‎【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。‎ ‎ 66. ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。‎ ‎ 67. ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。‎ ‎ 68. higher ‎【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎ 69. ‎ ‎【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。‎ ‎ 70. ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。‎ ‎2. 【2019·全国卷II】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.‎ Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”‎ Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。‎ ‎61.being ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。‎ ‎62.which ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。‎ ‎63.finally ‎【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。‎ ‎64.declared ‎【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。‎ ‎65.to retire ‎【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。‎ ‎66.have made ‎【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。‎ ‎67.but ‎ ‎【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。‎ ‎68.saying ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。‎ ‎69.a ‎【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。‎ ‎70.wonderful ‎【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。‎ ‎3. 【2019·全国卷III】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.‎ We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.‎ When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。‎ ‎61.‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。‎ ‎62.‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。‎ ‎63.‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。‎ ‎64.‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。‎ ‎65.‎ ‎【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。‎ ‎66.‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。‎ ‎67.‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。‎ ‎68.‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。‎ ‎69.‎ ‎【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。‎ ‎70.‎ ‎【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。‎ ‎4. 【2019·浙江卷】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.‎ But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.‎ School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。‎ ‎56. has/will have ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will ‎ do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。‎ ‎57.the ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。‎ ‎58. that/which ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。‎ ‎59. cycling ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。‎ ‎60. easily ‎【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。‎ ‎61. to ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。‎ ‎62. improved ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。‎ ‎63. to wear ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。‎ ‎64. connection/connections ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。‎ ‎65. traditional ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。‎ ‎5. 【2019·北京卷】‎ 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ A On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的话让他受益终身。‎ ‎1.voiced ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用过去式。故填voiced。‎ ‎2.facing ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。‎ ‎3.myself ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。‎ B Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。‎ ‎4.marked ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。‎ ‎5.in ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。‎ ‎6.activities ‎【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。‎ C Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。‎ ‎7. suggests/suggested/has suggested ‎ ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。‎ ‎8. where ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。‎ ‎9. who/that ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。‎ ‎10. meaningful ‎【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。‎ 二、2018年高考真题 ‎ ‎1.【2018·全国卷I】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. ‎ While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。‎ ‎61. longer　‎ ‎【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。‎ ‎62. to see ‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。‎ ‎63.dying ‎ ‎【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。‎ ‎64.is ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。‎ ‎65.than ‎ ‎【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。‎ ‎66.that或which ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎67.causes ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。‎ ‎68.strengthen ‎ ‎【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。‎ ‎69.energetic ‎ ‎【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。‎ ‎70.it或running ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。‎ ‎【点睛】本文比较难的一个题是70题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。‎ give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。‎ ‎2.【2018·全国卷I I】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's ‎ approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。‎ ‎61. has grown ‎ ‎【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。‎ ‎62. the ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。‎ ‎63. actually ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。‎ ‎64. to improve ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。‎ ‎65. than ‎【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。‎ ‎66. pollution ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。‎ ‎67. global ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。‎ ‎68.started ‎【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。‎ ‎69. that/which ‎【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。‎ ‎70. feeding ‎【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。‎ 点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。‎ ‎3.【2018·全国卷III】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).‎ My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.‎ ‎61. which/who ‎ ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”‎ ‎62. the ‎【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。‎ ‎63. loudest ‎【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。‎ ‎64. looking ‎【解析】考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。‎ ‎65. challenged ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。‎ ‎65. scientist ‎【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。‎ ‎67.for ‎【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。‎ ‎68. them ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。‎ ‎69. meant ‎【解析】考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。‎ ‎70. to stay ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。‎ ‎4.【2018·浙江卷】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎ While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this ‎ most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.‎ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.‎ ‎【文章大意】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。‎ ‎56. dishes ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。‎ ‎57. who/that ‎ ‎【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎58. it ‎ ‎【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。‎ ‎59.visiting ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。‎ ‎60. was shocked. ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎61. have become ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。‎ ‎62. affordable ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。‎ ‎63. higher ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎64.weight ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。‎ ‎65.for ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。‎ 三、2017年高考真题 ‎ ‎1.【2017·全国卷I】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。‎ ‎61. as ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以……身份”，故填as。‎ ‎62. effects ‎ ‎【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎63. to process ‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。‎ ‎64. are removed ‎ ‎【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。‎ ‎65. a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎66. worse ‎ ‎【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。‎ ‎67. is ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。‎ ‎68. eating ‎ ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。‎ ‎69. careful ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。‎ ‎70. which ‎ ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。‎ ‎2.【2017·全国卷I I】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ ‎ Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.‎ Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。‎ ‎61.crowds ‎【解析】考查名词，此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。‎ ‎62.from ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词，to and from来回，故填from。‎ ‎63.laying ‎【解析】考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。‎ ‎64.the ‎【解析】考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.‎ ‎65.were used ‎【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。‎ ‎66.fairly ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。‎ ‎67.it ‎【解析】考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。‎ ‎68.managed ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词，此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。‎ ‎69.introduction ‎【解析】考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。‎ ‎70.successful ‎【解析】考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。‎ ‎3.【2017·全国卷III】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending ‎ half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York. ‎ ‎ Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).‎ She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. ‎ Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。‎ ‎61. resting ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time doing sth花费时间做某事。‎ ‎62. a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。‎ ‎63. was told / has been told ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。‎ ‎64. who ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。‎ ‎65. to prove ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。‎ ‎66. education ‎ ‎【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。‎ ‎67. invitations ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。‎ ‎68. in ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。in表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位 ＂get a degree in…＂。‎ ‎69. comes ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。‎ ‎70. certainly ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填certainly。‎ ‎4.【2017·浙江卷】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson. ‎ Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了16年前的戒指失而复得的故事。‎ ‎56.carrots ‎【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful of"可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。‎ ‎57.shiny/shining ‎【解析】考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填shiny或shining。‎ ‎58.so ‎【解析】考查固定结构。Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so...that...结构，表示"如此……以至于……"。本题容易误填such，但要注意such后面接名词，而so后面则接形容词或副词。‎ ‎59.myself ‎【解析】考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为"她认为我伤了我自己"，故填myself。‎ ‎60.earlier ‎【解析】考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。‎ ‎61.to cook ‎【解析】考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的"，意为"去掉戒指以做饭"，故填to cook。‎ ‎62.searched ‎【解析】考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故填searched。‎ ‎63.swept ‎【解析】考查过去分词。根据上文的"got"及语境可知，此处应填sweep的过去分词形式swept，意为"被扫进"。‎ ‎64.where ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎65.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹"，所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。‎