高考一轮课程英语 全国通用版Global warming 教案 20页

‎2019年高考一轮复习 Global warming 教案 教材版本 全国通用 课时说明（建议）‎ ‎2课时 知识点 Key words and phrases in this unit 复习目标 1. Improve the students’ reading ability. 　　‎ 2. Get the students to understand the text fully. 　　‎ ‎3. To talk about the importance of health and the harmful effects of smoking.‎ 复习重点 ‎1. Get students to learn different reading skills.‎ ‎2. Lets students learn the new grammar of it.‎ ‎3. Enable students to grasp and use the expressions of addicted.‎ 复习难点 ‎1. how to make every student get involved in class learning actively and attentively.‎ ‎2. Get students to learn different reading skills.‎ 一、自我诊断 知己知彼 ‎ Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 ‎1．Large quantities of oil ________ (be) imported from abroad every year.‎ ‎2．There is no doubt ________ he will be elected.‎ ‎3．Men's clothes tend ________ (button) from the right，and women's from the left.‎ ‎4．I put ________ some sayings on the walls to remind them to do so.‎ ‎5．Many experts advocated ________ (reward) your child for good behavior.‎ ‎6．Under the ________ (circumstance) he felt unable to accept the job.‎ ‎7．I've never subscribed ________ the theory that people are more important than animals.‎ ‎8．Our products are of higher quality and lower prices when ________ (compare) to those of our competitors.‎ ‎9．It's too hot，and the temperature is still ________ (go) up.‎ ‎10．Do you know in what circumstances it was ________ Jack achieved his goal?‎ ‎【答案】1.are　2.that　3.to button　4.up　5.rewarding 6．circumstances　7.to　8.compared　9.going　10.that Ⅱ. 单句改错 ‎1．You have made a few mistakes，but as the whole you have done well.‎ ‎2．It was stating that they would continue to work there until the flood went away.‎ ‎3．During the discussion，many members were opposed to my proposal，that upset me greatly.‎ ‎4．Large quantities of air conditioners have sold since the temperature is high.‎ ‎5．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulted in an increase in production.‎ ‎6．A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence，the house was completely destroyed.‎ ‎【答案】1.as→on　 2.stating→stated　 3.that→which ‎ ‎4．have后加上been　 5.resulted→resulting 6.第一个the→a ‎ 二、 温故知新 夯实基础 考纲单词精讲 ‎1. quantity　n．量；数量；大量 教材原句 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.‎ 当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。‎ 归纳拓展 名师点睛 a quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。‎ 语境助记 ‎①As far as I'm concerned, it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.‎ 就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。‎ ‎②Large quantities of oil were spilling into the sea.‎ 大量石油正溢入大海。‎ ‎③A quantity of vegetables have been supplied for the citizens.‎ 已为市民提供了大量的蔬菜。‎ ‎④It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.‎ 大量购物比较便宜。‎ ‎2．oppose　vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 教材原句 On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.‎ 在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to 反对……‎ ‎(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的 prep. 与……相反；在……对面 be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反 名师点睛 ‎(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，动词要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词的ing形式。‎ ‎(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①Congress is continuing to oppose the President's health care budget.‎ 国会继续反对总统的医疗保健预算。‎ ‎②The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone.‎ 那对父母极力反对他们的女儿单独去那里。‎ ‎③She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.‎ 仍然强烈反对移居国外。‎ ‎④We live further down on the opposite _side_of the road.‎ 我们住在马路对面再远一点的地方。‎ ‎3. range　n．种类；范围；幅度；界限　v．(在一定范围内)变化；变动；排列 教材原句 It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals－all of which will make life for human beings better.‎ 它会使植物长得更快；庄稼产量更丰富，并且它会促进各种动物的生长——所有这些都能更好地改变人类的生活。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)a wide range of... 范围广泛的；各种各样的 in/within range 在射程以内；在范围内 beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的；某人知识以外的 ‎(2)range from...to...在……范围内变动；包括(由……到……之间的)各类事物 range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动 语境助记 ‎①As a result, humans developed a_range_of character types that still exists today.‎ 结果，人类形成的一系列的性格类型延续至今。‎ ‎②They will include introductions to a_wide_range_of writing styles, from poetry to play writing.‎ 它们将介绍不同的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧创作。‎ ‎③The price of the house is well beyond our range.‎ 这栋房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。‎ ‎④The listeners are mostly middle school students, ranging from 12 to 18.‎ 听众大多是中学生，其年龄从12岁到18岁不等。‎ ‎4. glance　vi.看一下；瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视　n．一瞥；扫视 教材原句 Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.‎ 迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)glance at/over/through 浏览；匆匆地看一眼 glance off 擦过；掠过 ‎(2)at a glance立刻；一眼；(只)看一眼 at first glance乍一看；乍看之下 take a glance (at sb./sth.)(朝某人/某物)一瞥；看一眼 语境助记 ‎①She glanced down at me through her glasses.‎ 她透过眼镜低头瞥了我一眼。‎ ‎②At first glance, the problem seems easy. However, later you'll find it difficult to work out.‎ 乍一看，这问题似乎很简单，然而，随后你就会发现它很难解决。‎ ‎5. average　adj. 平均的；普通的　n．平均；平均数　vt.& vi. 算出……的平均数；平均为 教材原句 The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15℃.‎ 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。‎ 归纳拓展 语境助记 ‎①She was just an average high school athlete.‎ 她只是一个普通的高中运动员。‎ ‎②Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. However, women, on_average, live longer.‎ 男性和女性在如今的工业化国家下活的时间都更长。然而，平均来看，女性活得更长于男性。‎ ‎③It's said that the newspaper office receives an_average_of nearly 100 articles a day. ‎ 据说这个报社平均每天要收到接近一百篇稿件。‎ ‎④To their great joy, their son's schoolwork is well above_average.‎ 令他们十分高兴的是，他们儿子的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。‎ ‎6. circumstance　n．(一般用复数)环境；情况 教材原句 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.‎ 如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。‎ 归纳拓展 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子倒装)‎ 语境助记 ‎①Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances.‎ 只有在某些特定情况下囚犯才可以离开牢房。‎ ‎②It's dangerous, so don't touch it under any circumstances.‎ ‎(电)很危险，所以在任何情况下都不要去碰它。‎ ‎③Under no circumstance would we give up the principle.‎ 在任何情况下我们都不会放弃我们的原则。‎ 核心短语诠释 ‎1. come about 发生；造成 教材原句 So how has this come about and does it matter？‎ 那么，这种温度的上升是怎么产生的呢？它要紧吗？‎ 归纳拓展 How did it come about that...? ……是怎样发生的？‎ come across偶遇 come into being形成；产生；出现 come into power上台执政；当权 come into effect生效 come out出版；结果是；发芽 come up with提出；想出 when it comes to...当谈到……时 come on跟着来；跟上来；[口]得啦；快点 come to总计；达到；归纳为 名师点睛21世纪1‎ come about, happen, take place和break out这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。‎ 语境助记 ‎①She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.‎ 她的坚强精神并不是偶然发生的。‎ ‎②How did it come about that he knew where we were?‎ 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？‎ ‎③In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.‎ 事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。‎ ‎④When reading articles related to science, we often come across difficult or unfamiliar words.‎ 阅读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词。‎ ‎⑤I was amazed that he'd come up with such a sweet idea.‎ 我很吃惊他会想出如此好的主意。‎ ‎⑥Come on, we'll be late!‎ 快点儿，我们要迟到了！‎ ‎⑦用come about, happen, take place, break out的正确形式填空 a．No one can understand how it came about.‎ b．Luckily the earthquake didn't happen in the center of the city.‎ c．A war broke out between two countries.‎ d．Great changes have taken place in our hometown.‎ ‎2. result in导致 教材原句 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料才导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ 语境助记 ‎①Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ 它们的翅膀能像桥梁一样架在两根线之间，因此如果它们碰到两根线，会立即被电死。‎ ‎②However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.‎ 但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。‎ ‎③As we all know, his success resulted from his hard work.‎ ‎＝As we all know, his hard work resulted in his success.‎ 众所周知，努力工作使他取得了成功。‎ ‎④The exam was of vital importance for me; as a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.‎ 那次考试对我来说非常重要，因此，我别无选择只好集中全部精力学习。‎ ‎3. put up with 容忍；忍受 教材原句 We do not have to put up with pollution.‎ 我们没有必要忍受污染。‎ 归纳拓展 put aside 节省；储蓄；储存 put away 收起来 put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨 put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出 put on 穿上；上演 put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿 语境助记 ‎①A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.‎ 在地球日的前一周，学校四处张贴海报，呼吁我们加入共建一个更加绿色的地球的行动。‎ ‎②She put up with his violent temper.‎ 她忍受了他暴躁的脾气。‎ ‎③The doctor told him to put out his tongue.‎ 医生要他伸出舌头。‎ ‎④Who put forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出了黑洞理论？‎ ‎⑤We once put on a performance of Hamlet.‎ 我们曾上演过《哈姆雷特》。‎ 高考句型突破 ‎1　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off！‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ 语境助记 ‎①As_long_as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ 只要有密码的存在，人们就试图破解它们。‎ ‎②As_long_as there is kindness and virtue, the world will become more beautiful.‎ 只要有善良和美德，世界将变得更加美丽。‎ ‎③It took three times as_long_as I had expected.‎ 这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。‎ ‎[联想]　根据as long as的本义“与……一样长”和引申义“只要”，理解记忆下面的含义。‎ 短语 本意 引申义 as well as 和……一样好 也；和 as far as 远至…… 就……而言 as good as 和……一样好 差不多；几乎 ‎2. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ 归纳拓展 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：‎ ‎(1)用although, though, even though, even if等引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。‎ ‎(2)用while引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。‎ ‎(3)用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论……还是……”。‎ ‎(4)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/何时/哪里……”。‎ ‎(5)用as引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用作此意时必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。‎ 语境助记 ‎①Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, but something in our muscles and bones.‎ 即使不是真的身体的原因，而是我们肌肉和骨骼中某种东西的原因，这种启动疲劳也是很真实地存在的。‎ ‎②Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.‎ 虽然我们生来就愚蠢，但只有愚蠢的人仍然这样。‎ ‎③While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.‎ 尽管我愿意帮忙，但没有多少时间。‎ ‎④Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.‎ 无论苏怎样努力，她就是打不开门。‎ ‎⑤He does whatever she asks him to do.‎ 无论她要求他做什么，他都会去做。‎ 语法知识冲关 it的用法(2)‎ It用于强调句型中 ‎1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，这个句型可以强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语。‎ I met Tom in the park yesterday.‎ ‎→It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.‎ ‎2．强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋陈述句 What did you want to find yesterday?‎ ‎→What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?‎ ‎3．强调句与名词性从句的结合 I want to know what you wanted to find yesterday.‎ ‎→I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.‎ ‎4．It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that...‎ I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎→It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ It常用的固定搭配 ‎1．make it ‎(1)在口语中相当于succeed，表示“成功做到；及时到达”等。‎ ‎(2)在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”。‎ No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.‎ ‎2．Take it easy.‎ 口语中相当于“Don't worry.”或“Don't hurry.”，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌、沉住气、别担心”。2·1·c·n·j·y Take it easy! He will do it well!‎ ‎3．It all depends./That all depends.‎ 口语中相当于“It hasn't been decided yet.”表示“那得看情况，还未定下来。”中/华-21世纪1‎ ‎－Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?‎ ‎－It all depends.‎ ‎4．It's up to sb.‎ 口语中，相当于“It's decided by sb.”表示“由……决定/由……负责/取决于……”。‎ ‎－Shall we go out for dinner?‎ ‎－It's up to you.‎ 三、典例剖析 思维拓展 考点一 用所给词的正确形式填空。‎ 例1 The problem begins when we add huge of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.（quantity）‎ ‎【答案】quantities ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。Quantity名词“质量”；复数quantities。‎ 考点二 it的用法 例1 ________ is up to you to decide whether we should go or not.‎ ‎【答案】It　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定句式。句意：由你决定我们是去还是不去。be up to sb.意为“由某人决定”。‎ 四、举一反三 成果巩固 ‎ 考点一 用所给词的正确形式填空。‎ 1． Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the ________ (pollute)‎ ‎【答案】pollution　‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。pollution名词，意为“污染”‎ 2． Large ________ (quantity) of water have been polluted, ________ has a bad effect on people's health.‎ ‎【答案】quantities; which　‎ ‎【解析】第一空考查固定搭配，large quantities of“许多；大量的”；第二空考查which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容。‎ 3． On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen ________ (steady) in recent decades.‎ ‎【答案】steadily　‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。此处副词steadily修饰动词rise。‎ 4． I'm strongly ________ (oppose) to your plan.‎ ‎【答案】opposed　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。be opposed to意为“反对”。‎ 5． The president made a ________(state) announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.‎ ‎【答案】statement　‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。make a statement意为“发表声明”。‎ 6． He had been ill for a long time and ________ (consequence) he was behind in his work.‎ ‎【答案】consequently ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：他病了很久，结果他工作滞后了。根据句意可知，此处用副词consequently。‎ 7． Many people do not believe the ________ (exist) of the ghosts.‎ ‎【答案】existence　‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。句意：许多人不相信鬼魂的存在。由句意及空格前的the可知，应填名词形式。‎ 1． If something bad happens on a particular day, people have a ________ (tend) to associate that day with negative events.‎ ‎【答案】tendency　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。have a tendency to do sth.意为“倾向/趋于做某事”。‎ ‎10．We must make a contribution to ________ (protect) the environment.‎ ‎【答案】protecting　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。make a contribution to sth./doing意为“为……做贡献”。‎ 考点二 选词填空 put up with； subscribe to； result in； go up； and so on； be opposed to；‎ come about； under no circumstances； on the whole； on behalf of ‎1．We simply weigh too much, ________ a lot of pressure that makes us sink.‎ ‎【答案】resulting in ‎2．The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton________.‎ ‎【答案】and so on ‎3．________________ should you leave the house.‎ ‎【答案】Under no circumstances ‎4．We want to know how it ________ that humans speak so many different languages.‎ ‎【答案】came about ‎5．Noise is coming to the point where we can't ________ it.‎ ‎【答案】put up with ‎6．The other day, he ________ many magazines for the poor children.‎ ‎【答案】subscribed to ‎7．Prices of food in that area have been ________ sharply since word came that the war would break out soon.‎ ‎【答案】going up ‎8．Her parents ________ the program at first. But now they begin to support it.‎ ‎【答案】were opposed to ‎9．________ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.21世纪1‎ ‎【答案】On behalf of ‎10．________, Brooks’s story is acceptable.‎ ‎【答案】On the whole 考点三 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容 ‎1．________ breaks the law will be punished.‎ ‎【答案】Whoever　‎ ‎【解析】考查连接代词whoever。句意：无论谁违法都要受到惩罚。whoever引导让步状语从句且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎2．There is no doubt ________ he will be elected.‎ ‎【答案】that　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定句式。there is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。‎ ‎3．Whether go out ________ stay in the dorm depends on the weather.‎ ‎【答案】or　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”。‎ ‎4．When I was a child, I could watch TV ________ I wanted to.‎ ‎【答案】whenever　‎ ‎【解析】考查whenever引导状语从句。句意：我小的时候，无论什么时候想看电视都能看。‎ ‎5．I took a glance ________ the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.‎ ‎【答案】at　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。take a glance at意为“瞥一眼；看一眼”。‎ 考点四 it的用法 ‎ ‎1．________ wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.‎ ‎【答案】It　‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到两天前父亲才允许我驾车上高速公路。It is/was not until...that...为not...until...句型的强调句形式。‎ ‎2．Andy is content with the toy. _______ is the best he has ever got.‎ ‎【答案】It　‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。It指代the toy。‎ ‎3．________ has been a month since I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.‎ ‎【答案】It　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定句式。句意：自从我来到这所新学校已经一个月了，我真想和你分享一下我经历的一些问题。“It has been＋时间段＋since...”意为“自从……已经多久了”。‎ ‎4．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made ________ at last.‎ ‎【答案】it　‎ ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他做到了。make it意为“成功做到；及时到达”。‎ 五、分层训练 能力进阶 ‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ I.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.The city is looking into ways to reduce air________(pollute)．‎ ‎2.We've seen an enormous________(grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.‎ ‎3.He made many great________(contribute) to the success of the project.‎ ‎4.What he is dreaming of is to walk into the________(out) space freely with the equipment made by himself.‎ ‎5.Having lived in Paris for 35 years，he experienced many social and cultural________ (phenomenon) of France.‎ ‎6.There is a growing________(tend) for people to work at home instead of in the office.‎ ‎7.They are strongly________(oppose) to the plan.‎ ‎8.There is a sum of money________(subscribe) to the relief fund.‎ ‎9.In________(consequent) of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.‎ ‎10.The organization has been in________(exist) for 25 years.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.pollution　2.growth　3.contributions　4.outer　5.phenomena　6.tendency　7.opposed　8.subscribed　‎ Ⅱ. 短文改错 Mrs. White was in hurry to visit her grandson because she missed her very much. It was nearly three months when she last saw her grandson. When she was walking by a playground, a football fly in her direction. She was already in her seventy. Should she kick the ball back and should she just go past leave it where it was？Finally she gave it a kick with greatly effort and the ball went straight on into the goal. What amazing it was! She helped them win the game.‎ ‎【答案】‎ Mrs. White was in hurry to visit her grandson because she missed very much. It was nearly three months she last saw her grandson. When she was walking by a playground, a football in her direction. She was already in her . Should she kick the ball back should she just go past it where it was? Finally she gave it a kick with effort and the ball went straight into the goal. amazing it was! She helped them win the game.‎ Ⅲ. 语法填空 Once upon a time，there was a poor fisherman who always dreamed of becoming rich. He wished to become a millionaire，and__1__did his wife. He heard from some old men before，that several ships loaded with diamonds and gold__2__(sink) in the nearby seashore. Because of this，for a long time he kept searching that whole area__3__this treasure.‎ One day，while he was sitting on the boat__4__(daydream)，he suddenly felt that the fishing rod was being weighed down by__5__heavy object.He__6__(excite)pulled hard at it，and__7__he saw made him shout，“Wow！A big，shiny gold chain！”He pulled hard at the gold chain to get it into the boat，but__8__seemed to be no end to it. His boat started to get overloaded and the sea water filled his boat. However，he had begun dreaming of a big house，a big piece of land and buying horses and cows...He kept pulling in the chain__9__the boat kept sinking. The boat was__10__(final) submerged and he struggled to stay afloat. Unfortunately his feet were caught in the gold chain and he drowned.‎ ‎【语篇导读】从前，有一个贫穷的渔民总想着变成百万富翁。有一天，当他在船上发现一条大金链的时候，他拼命地拉链子，直到自己被拖入水里淹死。‎ ‎1.【答案】so　‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。根据空后的“did his wife”这一倒装结构可知，这里是“so＋助动词＋主语”，意为“……也是如此”。‎ ‎2. 【答案】had sunk　‎ ‎【解析】考查时态。sink这个动作是发生在主句的谓语动词heard之前的，因此用过去完成时表示过去的过去。‎ ‎3. 【答案】for　‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。search for为固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜索”。‎ ‎4. 【答案】daydreaming　‎ ‎【解析】‎ 考查非谓语动词。空处作伴随状语，且与主语he之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用daydreaming。‎ ‎5. 【答案】a　‎ ‎【解析】考查不定冠词。由语境可知这里表示泛指，要用不定冠词a，a heavy object指“一个重物”。‎ ‎6. 【答案】excitedly ‎【解析】考查副词。修饰动词pulled要用副词，excite是动词，因此要先变为形容词excited，再加ly，变为副词。‎ ‎7. 【答案】what　‎ ‎【解析】考查主语从句。空处在此引导主语从句，且在从句中作saw的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎8. 【答案】there　‎ ‎【解析】考查there be句型。这里是there be句型，用以表示某处存在某物或某人。‎ ‎9. 【答案】though　‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。根据上下文可知，尽管船在不断地下沉，渔夫还是拼命地往船上拉金链，表示“尽管”要用though。‎ ‎10. 【答案】finally　‎ ‎【解析】考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空处作状语，因此要用副词形式，故填finally。‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ IV. 阅读理解 A Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.‎ In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been moving northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this, plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.‎ But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows. White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When windblown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they finally sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But ‎ in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.‎ New trees will provide shelter for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the air around. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further increases a forest's ability to expand. What's more, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about effects on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文，文中讲述的是即使树不能走路，它们仍然在移动。文章介绍了树移动的原因，以及全球变暖对树木的影响。‎ ‎1．What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?‎ A．The reducing of northern tundra.‎ B．The rising temperature.‎ C．The cold and strong wind.‎ D．The rich resources in the north.‎ ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been moving northward.”(在北极地区，温度比世界上任何地方都要上升得快。当这一切发生时，标志着森林结束和寸木不生的冻原开始的树线就一直向北移动。)可知，在北极树木向北移动的主要原因是温度升高。故选B。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．To produce more seeds.‎ B．To move northward.‎ C．To respond to the climate change.‎ D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，沿着树线生长的树木必须保护自己免受寒风的袭击。由此可知，此处this指的是保护它们免受寒风的袭击。故选D。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.‎ B．The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.‎ C．New trees can make the air around warmer.‎ D．New trees can bring more food and shelter to local animals.‎ ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“New trees will provide shelter for some snow.”(新的树木将为一些雪提供庇护。)和第三、四句“Instead, the trees absorb(吸收) the sun's heat. This warms the air around.”(相反，树木吸收太阳的热量，这温暖了周围的空气。)可知，新的树木可以使周围的空气更温暖。故选C。‎ B El Niño, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”， was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.‎ The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 201998 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ The most recent powerful Niño, in 201998, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2019 by Mr. Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal， helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文，文中主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象名称的由来、发生的时间、造成的影响，督促人们加强风险前资金的投入，改进基础设施，为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。‎ ‎4．What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?‎ A．It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.”可知，厄尔尼诺现象见证了大海中水流方向的变化。故选D。‎ ‎5．What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?‎ A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.‎ D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose.”‎ 可知，总的来说富裕国家从强有力的厄尔尼诺现象中收获的比失去的多。故C项正确。‎ ‎6．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ________.‎ A．more investment should go to risk reduction B．governments of poor countries need more aid C．victims of El Niño deserve more compensation D．recovery and reconstruction should come first ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句“According to... (ODI), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance...”可知，在过去二十年里仅有12%的灾难救济资金用于提前降低风险，因此第四段旨在说明应该投入更多的资金来降低风险。‎ ‎7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce El Niño and its origin.‎ B．To explain the consequences of El Niño.‎ C．To show ways of fighting against El Niño.‎ D．To urge people to prepare for El Niño.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。综合全文内容并结合文章最后一段可知，本文旨在督促人们为厄尔尼诺现象做好准备