高考英语二轮阅读理解三月特训45 9页

‎2014高考英语二轮阅读理解三月特训 Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.‎ Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grasseating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.‎ Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.‎ Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.‎ Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.‎ ‎1．The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________．‎ A．are not tall enough B．like the lower leaves only C．are not clever enough D．can get the lower leaves easily ‎2．To defend themselves, oak trees use________．‎ A．chemical means B．physical means C．bitter chemicals D．sandy materials ‎3．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?‎ A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.‎ B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.‎ C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.‎ D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for this passage?‎ A．Plants and animals B．How plants defend themselves C．Attacks and defenses D．How animals eat plant leaves ‎(一)‎ ‎【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“For example，the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grasseating animals…because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some plants，such as the oak tree，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.”可知。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.”可知树根分泌出更多的nicotine。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的。故B项正确。‎ 阅读理解-----C----- (2011·湖北卷，C)‎ In today's throwaway society，dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste ‎ is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)．‎ Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner—largely through encouraging recycling—its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.‎ The European Union(EU) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.The five councils (Edinburgh，East Lothian, West Lothian，Midlothian and Borders) face fines around ￡18 million a year from 2013 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.With this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city's waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.‎ After the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.‎ Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion.But soon they turned it down—after 700 local objections reached them—because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.‎ That still leaves the council with a problem.By 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.Even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.Due to this，Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.‎ 回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。 但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。‎ ‎9．The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.‎ A．recycling B．restoring C．burying D．burning 答案：A。细节判断题。第二段中的信息词“largely through encouraging recycling”可以断定选项A的说法是与原文保持一致的。‎ ‎10．The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.‎ A．reduce the cost of burying waste B．meet the EU requirements ‎ C．speed up waste recycling D．replace landfill sites 答案：B。细节判断题。在第三个段落的开头提到了“The EU has issued a new policy...”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台，所以与选项B的说法是相符合的。‎ ‎11．The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because ________.‎ A．it came from a private company B．the council was not interested in it ‎ C．it was not supported by EU D．the local people were against it 答案：D。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...700 local objections reached them...”，可以断定市民是反对的。‎ ‎12．What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils? ‎ A．To open a new landfill nearby.‎ B．To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.‎ C．To set up a plant for burning waste.‎ D．To persuade people to reduce their waste.‎ 答案：C。细节判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一个垃圾焚烧厂，就可以断定，选项C与本信息句是相吻合的。‎ ‎ 阅读理解-----------B Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.‎ ‎ “I have two kids in college, and I want to say ‘come home,’ but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.‎ The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.‎ ‎ With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more ‎ families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.‎ ‎ At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National‎ ‎Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,‎ ‎ “If we go on this way for another 25years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”‎ ‎ Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.‎ ‎66. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?‎ A. The twins wasted too much money.‎ B. The father was out of work.‎ C. Their saving ran out.‎ D. The family fell apart.‎ ‎67. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?‎ A. They asked their kids to come home.‎ B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.‎ C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.‎ D. They got help from the school and the federal government.‎ ‎68. Financial aid administrators believe that _______.‎ A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B. the government will receive more letters of complaint C. college tuition fees will double soon D. America’s unemployment will fall ‎69.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?‎ A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.‎ B. Their income remained steady in the last decade.‎ C. They will try their best to send kids to college.‎ D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.‎ ‎70.According to the last paragraph, the government will .‎ A. provide most students will scholarships B. dismiss some financial aid administrators C. stop the companies from making student loans D. go on providing financial support for college students ‎【文章大意】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。‎ ‎66.答案B。根据文章第一段的her husband lost his job可以得出，双胞胎儿子好上学交学费，丈夫事业，家庭陷入困境。‎ 停止，两者是对立关系。‎ ‎[史地自然型阅读理解(二)]---- (二)‎ If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do，too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ‎ ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”‎ Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.‎ Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying redeyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.‎ In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果冻一样的块状物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(悬挂)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.‎ Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.‎ If hatching early helps protect redeyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.‎ ‎1．It can be inferred from the passage that fears________．‎ A．help animals grow bigger and stronger B．are less common among young animals C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment D．are more or less important for animals to survive ‎2．We are told in the passage that tree frogs________．‎ A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later C．are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened ‎3．Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because________．‎ A．they like falling into the water early B．they want to grow into adult frogs C．they sense a hungry snake is about to attack D．frog embryos can grow strong ‎4．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．What is fear?‎ B．Why do we feel afraid?‎ C．You feel afraid；animals do, too D．Fear is a good thing ‎5．What would be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.‎ B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.‎ C．Another example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.‎ D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎【要点综述】本文主要论述的是恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，有时恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎人们的想象。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据“…because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule.”和“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕被其他动物吃掉。故选A项。‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes ‎ are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃离蛇的攻击了。故选C项。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。文章通过举例说明害怕是一件好事。故选D项。‎ ‎5．C　篇章结构题。根据“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面还会有例子。故选C项。‎