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2019届高三英语二轮复习课件:第一部分语法专题第八节名词性从句(共49张PPT)

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第八节 名词性从句 考点一 主语从句 1 .主语从句的引导词 连接词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom , which, whichever , whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when , where , how, why 在从句中作状语 ◆ ( 2016· 北京卷 )Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。 ◆ ( 北京卷 )How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。 ◆ ( 江苏卷 )Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it. 李白,中国伟大的诗人,出生的地方人人皆知,但是有些人对此并不接受。 ◆ ( 安徽卷 )The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 通常来说,一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了,但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。 2 . 形式主语 it 作形式主语的常见的句型: (1)It + be +形容词 (necessary/likely/important/certain 等 ) + that 从句 (2)It + be +名词 ( 短语 )(a pity/a shame/no wonder 等 ) + that 从句 (3)It + be +过去分词 (said/told/reported 等 ) + that 从句 (4)It +不及物动词 (seem, appear, happen, matter 等 ) + that 从句 ◆ ( 浙江卷 )It is uncertain that side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 ◆ ( 山东卷 )It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 . ( 2017· 北京卷 ) Every year , _________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 2 . ( 2018· 山东济南一中月考 )It is said _____he is focusing on a book on space exploration.But ______ it will come out remains in the air. 3 . ( 2018· 山西 45 校第一次联考 )That there are living creatures in outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved until now. _____________ whoever that when That → Whether 考点二 宾语从句 1 .宾语从句的引导词 连接词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom , which, whichever , whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语 ◆ ( 2018· 天津卷 )The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。 ◆ ( 2017· 天津卷 )She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 她问我是否把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。 ◆ ( 四川卷 )Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想成功的话,就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。 2 . 形式宾语 宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从句后置。 (1) 动词 find/feel/think/consider/make + it +宾补 ( 形容词或名词 ) +不定式 / 宾语从句 (2) 动词 hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy + it +宾语从句 (3) 短语动词 see to/ depend on/rely on + it +宾语从句 (4) 固定搭配 take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that +宾语从句 ◆ ( 陕西卷 )No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里,他都定了一个规矩 —— 早餐前散步。 ◆ I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。 ◆ I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 . ( 2018· 陕西宝鸡中学月考 )When I walked on the street, I wanted to say ____ clean the streets were. 2 . ( 2017· 北京卷 ) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree - lined street, not knowing ______ she was heading. 3 . ( 山东卷 )I'd appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. _________ how where 在 if 前加 it 考点三 表语从句 1 .表语从句的引导词 连接词 that, whether 只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom , which , whichever , whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语 ◆ ( 2018· 北京卷 ) This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 这是我父亲教我的 —— 总是要直面困难,拥抱希望。 ◆ ( 2016· 上海卷 )The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 ◆ ( 北京卷 )The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 在这个足球明星看来,最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。 2 . as if/as though 引导表语从句 as if/as though 意为 “ 好像,仿佛 ” ,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词 ( 如 seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell 等 ) 之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。 ◆ The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市,好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3 . 其他常考的表语从句 (1) This/ That/ It is why +表语从句 ( 表结果 ) “ 这 / 那就是 …… 的原因 ” (2) This/ That/ It is because +表语从句 ( 表原因 ) “ 这 / 那是因为 ……” (3) The reason why...is that +表语从句 “ …… 的原因是 ……” ◆ ( 安徽卷 )From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy - one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 . ( 2018· 江苏卷 )By boat is the only way to get here, which is ____ we arrived. 2 . ( 2016· 北京卷 )The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free from dust. 3 . ( 浙江卷 )“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. ” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. how that what 考点四 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词: advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word 等。引导同位语从句的引导词: that, whether, how, where, when, why 等。 ◆ ( 2016· 天津卷 )The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 . ( 2018· 北京重点中学联考 )The question occurred to me ______ we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time. 2 . ( 2018· 安徽六安一中第二次月考 )The fact has worried many scientists ____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 3 . ( 2018· 天津卷 )The possibility if there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. ________ where that if → that Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 . ( 2018· 河南漯河高级中学三模 )________is expected to happen that small automated buses could make a difference when present human - operated transport has proved inefficient. 【 解析 】 句意:人们预测,当现有的人力交通运输系统被证明效率低下时,小型自动巴士可能会产生影响。根据句意以及句子结构可知,设空处为形式主语真正的主语是 that 从句,故用 it 作形式主语。 【 答案 】 It 2 . ( 2018· 河北石家庄一中一检 )It turns out that looking attractive in photos isn't easy due to________the researchers are calling the “frozen face effect” . 【 解析 】 分析句子结构可知,介词 to 后面的宾语从句中 are calling 缺少直接宾语。 【 答案 】 what 3 . ( 2018· 山东烟台期中 ) We asked 100 famous chefs from around the world________their best meals were, and we got some interesting answers. 【 解析 】 句意:我们问了来自世界各地的 100 位名厨他们最拿手的饭菜是什么,然后我们得到了一些有趣的答案。分析句子结构可知,此处考查宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句中缺少表语,意为 “ 什么 ” ,故用 what 。 【 答案 】 what 4 . ( 2018· 浙江五校联考 )Through the process of comparison, it might be easier for us to understand________important belief really is. 【 解析 】 句意:通过比较的过程,我们可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。设空处引导的从句作 understand 的宾语,且修饰形容词 important ,应用 how 引导该从句。 【 答案 】 how 5 . ( 2018· 山东临沂重点中学联考 )Twenty  five years later the traveler returned to the same place.________he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes. 【 解析 】 句意: 25 年后,这位旅行者回到了同一个地方。他所看到的使他震惊。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示事物,所以用 What 。 【 答案 】 What 6 . ( 2018· 河南中原名校联考 )Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is__________we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it. 【 解析 】 句意:地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法作准备。设空处引导表语从句,从句的结构和意义完整,所以用 that 引导。 【 答案 】 that 7 . ( 2018· 浙江杭州五校联考 )The difficulty lies in ________they will come to our help immediately. 【 解析 】 句意:困难在于他们是否会马上来帮助我们。分析句子结构可知, ____________they will come to our help immediately 是介词 in 的宾语从句,根据句意可知,设空处表示 “ 是否 ” ,故用 whether 引导。 【 答案 】 whether 8 . ( 2018· 陕西检测一 )Such stories set up thinking , wondering__________we should do under similar circumstances. 【 解析 】 考查连接词。 what 引导宾语从句,在从句中作 do 的宾语。 【 答案 】 what 9 . ( 2018· 北京海淀期中 )Richard swims three times a week after work. This is________he keeps fit. 【 解析 】 设空处引导表语从句,根据句子结构及语境可知,从句中缺少方式状语或原因状语,故用 how 或 why 引导 。 【 答案 】 how/why 10 . ( 2018· 江苏盐城中学段考 )You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of________you think your real interest lie. 【 解析 】 句意:你应当首先开发你的天赋,了解你自己,以便列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的单子。设空处引导宾语从句,作介词 of 的宾语,且在从句中作地点状语。 【 答案 】 where 11 . ( 2018· 福建安溪模拟 )Success partially depends on________you have the patience to do simple things perfectly. 【 解析 】 句意:成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句,作介词 on 的宾语,意为 “ 是否 ” ,故填 whether 。 【 答案 】 whether 12 . ( 2018· 湖南株洲二中月考 )With an optimistic attitude and a strong will , we can overcome________difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals. 【 解析 】 句意:带着乐观的态度和强烈的愿望,我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难,取得成功。通过分析句子可知, overcome 后为宾语从句,动词短语 meet with 后缺少宾语,再结合句意可知用 whatever 修饰名词 difficulties 引导宾语从句。 【 答案 】 whatever 13 . ( 2018· 山东师大附中二模 )My first task was to decide where to go and________to get there. 【 解析 】 句意:我的第一项任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据常识可知设空处表示 “ 如何 ” ,故填 how 。 【 答案 】 how 14 . ( 2018· 福建龙岩五校期中 )Therefore, it is advisable________you should value and treat them with care. 【 解析 】 句意:因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。 “ ________you should value and treat them with care ” 为主语从句,该从句不缺任何成分,故用 that 引导。 【 答案 】 that 15 . ( 2018· 山东泰安期中 )Students can choose________they want to do and register online. 【 解析 】 句意:学生们可以选择他们想做的 ( 任何 ) 事情并在网上注册。 “ ________they want to do ” 为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,故填 what 或 whatever 。 【 答案 】 what/whatever 16 . ( 2017· 福建安溪模拟 )They would appreciate it , to be frank , ________the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. 【 解析 】 句意:坦白地说,如果货物能够尽快被运送,他们将会非常感激。 would appreciate it if... 表示 “ 如果 …… 将不胜感激 ” , it 作形式宾语, if 引导的是宾语从句。 【 答案 】 if 17 . ( 2018· 江苏苏州四市五区调研 )It is obvious________the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations. 【 解析 】 句意:为了子孙后代,当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。 It 为形式主语, ________the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations 是真正的主语,该主语从句缺少宾语,且表示物,故填 what 。 【 答案 】 what 18 . ( 2018· 浙江金丽衢十二校联考 )The two presidents talked by telephone on Friday, but the details of________they said were not available. 【 解析 】 句意:两位总统于周五进行了电话会谈,但是他们谈话的细节却无从可知。设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中充当 said 的宾语,故用 what 引导。 【 答案 】 what 19 . ( 2018· 浙江嘉兴模拟 )Recently , a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine________pleasant smells might reduce pain. 【 解析 】 句意:最近,在一本流行杂志中,有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句,对 possibility 进行解释说明,且从句中不缺成分,意义完整,故填 that 。 【 答案 】 that 20 . ( 2018· 贵州贵阳联考 )To our astonishment , we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious , wondering________was happening. 【 解析 】 句意:令我们惊讶的是,我们看到在小屋内有一束光和一些人。吉姆太害怕了,不敢继续往前,但是我觉得很好奇,想知道发生了什么事。设空处引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,表示事物,故用 what 引导。 【 答案 】 what Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 . ( 2018· 成都一诊 )One of the biggest cultural differences I noticed while in London was why the people of London conducted themselves. __________ 【 解析 】 句意:在伦敦,我注意到的最大的文化差异之一是 “ 伦敦人是如何为人的 ” 。根据语境可知,此处用 how 引导表语从句,表示方式。 【 答案 】 why → how 2 . ( 2018· 赤峰市模拟 )It's true what honesty is more important than money! __________ 【 解析 】 it 作形式主语,后面的句子为真正的主语,引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分,故应用 that 。 【 答案 】 what → that 3 . ( 2018· 临汾一中联考 )It's not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school.__________ 【 解析 】 the fact 后为同位语从句,引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分,应用 that 。 【 答案 】 which → that 4 . ( 2018· 汕头质量监测 )The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. __________ 【 解析 】 考查名词性从句。主语为名词 reason ,表语从句中的连接词要用 that 。 【 答案 】 because → that 5 . ( 2018· 武汉武昌区调研 )Last term, I couldn't accept the truth which I failed in my math examination. __________ 【 解析 】 考查名词性从句。名词 truth 后为同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故用 that 。 【 答案 】 which → that 6 . ( 2018· 江西南昌调研 )Today, English is which my strength lies. And I'm grateful to my English teacher. __________ 【 解析 】 分析句子结构可知,句中 is 后接表语从句,引导词在从句中作状语,且此处表示 “ 如今,英语是我的强项 ” ,故用 where 。 【 答案 】 which → where 7 . ( 2018· 湖北八校联考 )During the break time, we argued about what club was the best. __________ 【 解析 】 考查宾语从句。句意:休息时我们争论哪个俱乐部是最好的。根据语境可知,应用 which 引导宾语从句,意为 “ 哪一个 ” 。 【 答案 】 what → which 8 . ( 2018· 遵义航天高级中学模拟 )There is no doubt whether our company will make greater and greater contributions to the development of Jinan. __________ 【 解析 】 There is no doubt that “ 毫无疑问 ” ,是固定结构。 【 答案 】 whether → that 9 . ( 2018· 贵州八校联盟第三次联考 )The question is if we can get enough money for the project. __________ 【 解析 】 表语从句表示 “ 是否 ” ,用 whether 。 【 答案 】 if → whether 10 . ( 2018· 唐山模拟 )It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time. __________ 【 解析 】 It 作形式主语,真正的主语为 that 引导的从句。 【 答案 】 what → that

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