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第八节 名词性从句
考点一 主语从句
1
.主语从句的引导词
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom
,
which, whichever
,
whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when
,
where
,
how, why
在从句中作状语
◆
(
2016·
北京卷
)Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
◆
(
北京卷
)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
◆
(
江苏卷
)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
李白,中国伟大的诗人,出生的地方人人皆知,但是有些人对此并不接受。
◆
(
安徽卷
)The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说,一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了,但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
2
.
形式主语
it
作形式主语的常见的句型:
(1)It
+
be
+形容词
(necessary/likely/important/certain
等
)
+
that
从句
(2)It
+
be
+名词
(
短语
)(a pity/a shame/no wonder
等
)
+
that
从句
(3)It
+
be
+过去分词
(said/told/reported
等
)
+
that
从句
(4)It
+不及物动词
(seem, appear, happen, matter
等
)
+
that
从句
◆
(
浙江卷
)It is uncertain that side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
◆
(
山东卷
)It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
[
对点演练
]
——
单句语法填空
/
单句改错
1
.
(
2017·
北京卷
) Every year
,
_________
makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
2
.
(
2018·
山东济南一中月考
)It is said _____he is focusing on a book on space exploration.But ______ it will come out remains in the air.
3
.
(
2018·
山西
45
校第一次联考
)That there are living creatures in outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved until now.
_____________
whoever
that
when
That
→
Whether
考点二 宾语从句
1
.宾语从句的引导词
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who, whom
,
which, whichever
,
whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, how, why
在从句中作状语
◆
(
2018·
天津卷
)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。
◆
(
2017·
天津卷
)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。
◆
(
四川卷
)Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想成功的话,就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
2
.
形式宾语
宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用
it
作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从句后置。
(1)
动词
find/feel/think/consider/make
+
it
+宾补
(
形容词或名词
)
+不定式
/
宾语从句
(2)
动词
hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy
+
it
+宾语从句
(3)
短语动词
see to/ depend on/rely on
+
it
+宾语从句
(4)
固定搭配
take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that
+宾语从句
◆
(
陕西卷
)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪里,他都定了一个规矩
——
早餐前散步。
◆
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
◆
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
[
对点演练
]
——
单句语法填空
/
单句改错
1
.
(
2018·
陕西宝鸡中学月考
)When I walked on the street, I wanted to say ____ clean the streets were.
2
.
(
2017·
北京卷
) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree
-
lined street, not knowing ______ she was heading.
3
.
(
山东卷
)I'd appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. _________
how
where
在
if
前加
it
考点三 表语从句
1
.表语从句的引导词
连接词
that, whether
只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, who,
whom
,
which
,
whichever
,
whatever, whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, how, why
在从句中作状语
◆
(
2018·
北京卷
) This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
这是我父亲教我的
——
总是要直面困难,拥抱希望。
◆
(
2016·
上海卷
)The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
◆
(
北京卷
)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
在这个足球明星看来,最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。
2
.
as if/as though
引导表语从句
as if/as though
意为
“
好像,仿佛
”
,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词
(
如
seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell
等
)
之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。
◆
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市,好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3
.
其他常考的表语从句
(1) This/ That/ It is why
+表语从句
(
表结果
)
“
这
/
那就是
……
的原因
”
(2) This/ That/ It is because
+表语从句
(
表原因
)
“
这
/
那是因为
……”
(3) The reason why...is that
+表语从句
“
……
的原因是
……”
◆
(
安徽卷
)From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy
-
one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
[
对点演练
]
——
单句语法填空
1
.
(
2018·
江苏卷
)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ____ we arrived.
2
.
(
2016·
北京卷
)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free from dust.
3
.
(
浙江卷
)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.
”
This is _____ my mother used to tell me.
how
that
what
考点四 同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词:
advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word
等。引导同位语从句的引导词:
that, whether, how, where, when, why
等。
◆
(
2016·
天津卷
)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
[
对点演练
]
——
单句语法填空
/
单句改错
1
.
(
2018·
北京重点中学联考
)The question occurred to me ______ we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time.
2
.
(
2018·
安徽六安一中第二次月考
)The fact has worried many scientists ____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
3
.
(
2018·
天津卷
)The possibility if there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. ________
where
that
if
→
that
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1
.
(
2018·
河南漯河高级中学三模
)________is expected to happen that small automated buses could make a difference when present human
-
operated transport has proved inefficient.
【
解析
】
句意:人们预测,当现有的人力交通运输系统被证明效率低下时,小型自动巴士可能会产生影响。根据句意以及句子结构可知,设空处为形式主语真正的主语是
that
从句,故用
it
作形式主语。
【
答案
】
It
2
.
(
2018·
河北石家庄一中一检
)It turns out that looking attractive in photos isn't easy due to________the researchers are calling the “frozen face effect”
.
【
解析
】
分析句子结构可知,介词
to
后面的宾语从句中
are calling
缺少直接宾语。
【
答案
】
what
3
.
(
2018·
山东烟台期中
) We asked 100 famous chefs from around the world________their best meals were, and we got some interesting answers.
【
解析
】
句意:我们问了来自世界各地的
100
位名厨他们最拿手的饭菜是什么,然后我们得到了一些有趣的答案。分析句子结构可知,此处考查宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句中缺少表语,意为
“
什么
”
,故用
what
。
【
答案
】
what
4
.
(
2018·
浙江五校联考
)Through the process of comparison, it might be easier for us to understand________important belief really is.
【
解析
】
句意:通过比较的过程,我们可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。设空处引导的从句作
understand
的宾语,且修饰形容词
important
,应用
how
引导该从句。
【
答案
】
how
5
.
(
2018·
山东临沂重点中学联考
)Twenty
five years later the traveler returned to the same place.________he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.
【
解析
】
句意:
25
年后,这位旅行者回到了同一个地方。他所看到的使他震惊。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示事物,所以用
What
。
【
答案
】
What
6
.
(
2018·
河南中原名校联考
)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is__________we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.
【
解析
】
句意:地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法作准备。设空处引导表语从句,从句的结构和意义完整,所以用
that
引导。
【
答案
】
that
7
.
(
2018·
浙江杭州五校联考
)The difficulty lies in ________they will come to our help immediately.
【
解析
】
句意:困难在于他们是否会马上来帮助我们。分析句子结构可知,
____________they will come to our help immediately
是介词
in
的宾语从句,根据句意可知,设空处表示
“
是否
”
,故用
whether
引导。
【
答案
】
whether
8
.
(
2018·
陕西检测一
)Such stories set up thinking
,
wondering__________we should do under similar circumstances.
【
解析
】
考查连接词。
what
引导宾语从句,在从句中作
do
的宾语。
【
答案
】
what
9
.
(
2018·
北京海淀期中
)Richard swims three times a week after work. This is________he keeps fit.
【
解析
】
设空处引导表语从句,根据句子结构及语境可知,从句中缺少方式状语或原因状语,故用
how
或
why
引导
。
【
答案
】
how/why
10
.
(
2018·
江苏盐城中学段考
)You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of________you think your real interest lie.
【
解析
】
句意:你应当首先开发你的天赋,了解你自己,以便列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的单子。设空处引导宾语从句,作介词
of
的宾语,且在从句中作地点状语。
【
答案
】
where
11
.
(
2018·
福建安溪模拟
)Success partially depends on________you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
【
解析
】
句意:成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句,作介词
on
的宾语,意为
“
是否
”
,故填
whether
。
【
答案
】
whether
12
.
(
2018·
湖南株洲二中月考
)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will
,
we can overcome________difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
【
解析
】
句意:带着乐观的态度和强烈的愿望,我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难,取得成功。通过分析句子可知,
overcome
后为宾语从句,动词短语
meet with
后缺少宾语,再结合句意可知用
whatever
修饰名词
difficulties
引导宾语从句。
【
答案
】
whatever
13
.
(
2018·
山东师大附中二模
)My first task was to decide where to go and________to get there.
【
解析
】
句意:我的第一项任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据常识可知设空处表示
“
如何
”
,故填
how
。
【
答案
】
how
14
.
(
2018·
福建龙岩五校期中
)Therefore, it is advisable________you should value and treat them with care.
【
解析
】
句意:因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。
“
________you should value and treat them with care
”
为主语从句,该从句不缺任何成分,故用
that
引导。
【
答案
】
that
15
.
(
2018·
山东泰安期中
)Students can choose________they want to do and register online.
【
解析
】
句意:学生们可以选择他们想做的
(
任何
)
事情并在网上注册。
“
________they want to do
”
为宾语从句,该从句缺少宾语,故填
what
或
whatever
。
【
答案
】
what/whatever
16
.
(
2017·
福建安溪模拟
)They would appreciate it
,
to be frank
,
________the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
【
解析
】
句意:坦白地说,如果货物能够尽快被运送,他们将会非常感激。
would appreciate it if...
表示
“
如果
……
将不胜感激
”
,
it
作形式宾语,
if
引导的是宾语从句。
【
答案
】
if
17
.
(
2018·
江苏苏州四市五区调研
)It is obvious________the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
【
解析
】
句意:为了子孙后代,当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。
It
为形式主语,
________the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations
是真正的主语,该主语从句缺少宾语,且表示物,故填
what
。
【
答案
】
what
18
.
(
2018·
浙江金丽衢十二校联考
)The two presidents talked by telephone on Friday, but the details of________they said were not available.
【
解析
】
句意:两位总统于周五进行了电话会谈,但是他们谈话的细节却无从可知。设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中充当
said
的宾语,故用
what
引导。
【
答案
】
what
19
.
(
2018·
浙江嘉兴模拟
)Recently
,
a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine________pleasant smells might reduce pain.
【
解析
】
句意:最近,在一本流行杂志中,有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句,对
possibility
进行解释说明,且从句中不缺成分,意义完整,故填
that
。
【
答案
】
that
20
.
(
2018·
贵州贵阳联考
)To our astonishment
,
we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious
,
wondering________was happening.
【
解析
】
句意:令我们惊讶的是,我们看到在小屋内有一束光和一些人。吉姆太害怕了,不敢继续往前,但是我觉得很好奇,想知道发生了什么事。设空处引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,表示事物,故用
what
引导。
【
答案
】
what
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
1
.
(
2018·
成都一诊
)One of the biggest cultural differences I noticed while in London was why the people of London conducted themselves. __________
【
解析
】
句意:在伦敦,我注意到的最大的文化差异之一是
“
伦敦人是如何为人的
”
。根据语境可知,此处用
how
引导表语从句,表示方式。
【
答案
】
why
→
how
2
.
(
2018·
赤峰市模拟
)It's true what honesty is more important than money! __________
【
解析
】
it
作形式主语,后面的句子为真正的主语,引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分,故应用
that
。
【
答案
】
what
→
that
3
.
(
2018·
临汾一中联考
)It's not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school.__________
【
解析
】
the fact
后为同位语从句,引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分,应用
that
。
【
答案
】
which
→
that
4
.
(
2018·
汕头质量监测
)The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. __________
【
解析
】
考查名词性从句。主语为名词
reason
,表语从句中的连接词要用
that
。
【
答案
】
because
→
that
5
.
(
2018·
武汉武昌区调研
)Last term, I couldn't accept the truth which I failed in my math examination. __________
【
解析
】
考查名词性从句。名词
truth
后为同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故用
that
。
【
答案
】
which
→
that
6
.
(
2018·
江西南昌调研
)Today, English is which my strength lies. And I'm grateful to my English teacher. __________
【
解析
】
分析句子结构可知,句中
is
后接表语从句,引导词在从句中作状语,且此处表示
“
如今,英语是我的强项
”
,故用
where
。
【
答案
】
which
→
where
7
.
(
2018·
湖北八校联考
)During the break time, we argued about what club was the best. __________
【
解析
】
考查宾语从句。句意:休息时我们争论哪个俱乐部是最好的。根据语境可知,应用
which
引导宾语从句,意为
“
哪一个
”
。
【
答案
】
what
→
which
8
.
(
2018·
遵义航天高级中学模拟
)There is no doubt whether our company will make greater and greater contributions to the development of Jinan. __________
【
解析
】
There is no doubt that
“
毫无疑问
”
,是固定结构。
【
答案
】
whether
→
that
9
.
(
2018·
贵州八校联盟第三次联考
)The question is if we can get enough money for the project. __________
【
解析
】
表语从句表示
“
是否
”
,用
whether
。
【
答案
】
if
→
whether
10
.
(
2018·
唐山模拟
)It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time. __________
【
解析
】
It
作形式主语,真正的主语为
that
引导的从句。
【
答案
】
what
→
that