高中英语Women of achievement知识点预习学案导学 4页

必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知识点预习学案导学 重点词汇 ‎1. achieve ‎ ‎【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do… (P3)‎ ‎【名师点拨】achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如：‎ He had finally achieved success.‎ Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.‎ ‎2. condition ‎【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. (P1)‎ ‎【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如：‎ ‎ We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.‎ ‎ The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.‎ ‎ My car is old but in good condition.‎ ‎ He is overweight and out of condition.‎ ‎【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如：‎ I will come on condition that Peter is invited.‎ They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.‎ ‎3. devote ‎【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (P1)‎ ‎【名师点拨】devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身；致力于”，指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如：‎ He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.‎ The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance. ‎ After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.‎ ‎4. behave ‎【课文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)‎ ‎【名师点拨】behave vi & vt. 意为“举动；举止；行为表现”，如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour，指“行为；态度；举止”。如：‎ The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.‎ My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.‎ Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.‎ ‎5. worthwhile ‎【课文原句】But the evening makes it all worthwhile. (P2)‎ ‎【名师点拨】worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的；值得出力的”，可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”，在动词-ing形式的结构中，worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth，特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如：‎ I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.‎ The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.‎ ‎6. observe ‎【课文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)‎ ‎【名师点拨】observe vt. 意为“观察；观测；遵守”，可用observe sb do sth，observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如：‎ I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.‎ He observed that we should probably have rain.‎ Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.‎ ‎7. argue ‎【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)‎ ‎【名师点拨】argue作动词时，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”；argue against意为“据理反对；争辩……”。如：‎ It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.‎ We are always arguing with each other about money. ‎ Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual party.‎ ‎【知识拓展】argue的名词形式为argument，意为“争论；争端；论证”，常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。‎ ‎9. care for ‎【课文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. (P6)‎ ‎【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思，意为“照顾；照料”，且较正式；也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如：‎ His son cared for him when he was ill.‎ In fact, I don’t really care for basketball.‎ 另外，在上面的句子中，explain意为“解释，说明”，后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语，可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如：‎ Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?‎ ‎【知识拓展】care about意为“介意；在乎”，表示是否认为某事是重要的，某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面，但是在连词前面一般省掉。‎ ‎ I don’t care about your opinion.‎ ‎ I don’t care whether it rains — I’m happy.‎ ‎10. intend ‎【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)‎ ‎【名师点拨】intend v. 意为“打算；计划；想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”；intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人；准备让……干……”。如：‎ I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.‎ ‎ I intend coming / to come back soon.‎ ‎ He hadn’t really intended that they should be there. ‎ ‎ This gift is intended for you.‎ 热点语法 主谓一致用法难点小结：‎ 一、集合名词作主语时的主谓一致。‎ ‎1. 集合名词有family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population等，当被看作一个整体时，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果这些集合名词指其中的每个成员，表示复数意义，谓语动词则用复数形式。即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一致。如：‎ My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls.‎ My class are working hard for the coming exam.‎ ‎2. 有些集合名词作主语时，谓语只能用复数形式，如：people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle等。如：‎ The police are searching for the lost child. ‎ 二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致。‎ 不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ ‎ Everything goes well with me.‎ ‎ Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.‎ 三、“名词＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致。‎ ‎ 当表示同一人物或观点时，谓语动词用单数。如：A novelist and playwright is coming to our school. 这里表示“一位小说家兼剧作家”，是同一个人，所以谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 如果是A novelist and a playwright作主语，这时表示“一位小说家和一位剧作家”，是两个人，所以谓语动词用复数，该句应改为：A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school.‎ 四、The ＋ adj.作主语时的主谓一致。‎ ‎ 当The ＋ adj.表示抽象的含义时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is the true.‎ 当The ＋ adj.表示该类全体的含义时，谓语动词用复数。如：The rich should help the poor.‎ Unit 1词组归纳 ‎1. in pairs 成对 2. give reasons for 给…理由 ‎3. improve prison conditions改善监狱的条件 4. the Nobel Peace Prize诺贝尔和平奖 ‎5. one of the top leaders高级领导人之一 ‎6. concern oneself with 让自己关注 (be concerned about对…担心)‎ ‎7. welfare projects福利项目 8. China Welfare Institute中国福利协会 ‎9. show the conncetion between …and…显示出…和…之间的联系 ‎10. fight for为…而战 11. put…to death将…处死 ‎12. a specialist in women’s illnesses妇科疾病的专家 ‎13. devote all her life to将自己的一生献给… 致力于…‎ ‎14. rather than而不是 15. behave like humans像人类的举止 ‎16. the night before前一天晚上 17. wonder off离开 ‎18. make it all worthwhile使…值得 19. come into one’s arms回到…的怀抱 ‎20. fully understand完全理解 ‎21. observe and record their daily activities观察记录他们的日常活动 ‎22. be determined to下定决心… 23. communicate…with与…交流 ‎24. work out their social system勾勒出他们的社会体系 ‎25. the rest of the world世界上的其他人 ‎26. argue for…为…辩护 argue against…反对… argue with sb. 与…争论 ‎27. come crowding in纷塌而至 28. achieve everything做成了所有的事 ‎29. gain a doctor’s degree获得了博士学位 ‎30. cheer the achievements of women为妇女的成就喝彩 ‎31. support a family支撑一个家庭 32. get upset感到不安 ‎33. be of great importance很重要 34. look down upon 看不起 ‎35. do some research 做研究 36. catch one’s eye吸引…‎ ‎37. cut the death rate降低死亡率 38. care for照顾、喜欢 ‎39. follow some simple rules遵循一些简单的规则 40. be intended for为…准备 ‎41. get a medical training获得医学培训 42. be placed second to放在…之后 ‎43. further reading进一步的阅读 44. as well as和,还有/ 和…一样 ‎45. story after story 一个故事接着一个故事 46. deliver a baby接生 ‎47. make sure确保,确信 48. carry on继续 ‎49. fill in the forms填表 50. the university entrance exam大学入学考试