专题14 短文改错-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列 14页

专题14 短文改错 方法与技巧 ‎ 高考短文改错的错误类型概括起来主要是语法错误、逻辑错误和搭配等方面的错误。 Ⅰ.语法错误 包括动词、名词、代词、主谓一致、非谓语动词及情态动词等方面的错误。 ‎1.名词:名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误，可数与不可数名词的混用。确定名词单复数有以下几种方法:看修饰语；看主谓语的一致性；可数名词前无单数修饰语一定要用复数；看其他限制。‎ ‎2.动词:时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接 ing形式的接了to，或相反等。对于这一类错误可根据上下文语境或者句子的平行结构确定动词时态。‎ ‎3.形容词、副词:常在需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where,when,why等的缺失或错用。根据形容词、副词的基本用法或句意确定错误。‎ ‎4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。‎ ‎5.主谓一致:主语为单数，动词用了复数；而主语为复数，动词却用了单数形式。再就是就近原则对主语的影响。‎ ‎6.冠词:主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类及三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；a,an的混用等。‎ ‎7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。‎ ‎8.连词:不符合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。‎ 体验高考 ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.‎ ‎[答案]‎ In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still eighteenth remember how hard ∧first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the ‎ the/my ‎ instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me but/yet went altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！”“Turning words Turn left！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the later sudden ‎ middle on the road. ‎ of ‎3. so改为but或yet　考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。‎ ‎4. goes改为went　考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。‎ ‎5. word改为words　考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。‎ ‎6. Turning改为Turn　考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。‎ ‎7. 去掉much　考查固定句型。“我”如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”，much为多余成分。故将much去掉。‎ ‎8. late改为later　考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。)作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后……。故将late改为later。‎ ‎9. suddenly改为sudden　考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。‎ ‎10. on改为of　考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。‎ ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!‎ ‎[答案]‎ Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school，and it takes them both或 ‎ about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time，they are interesting in an/one interested planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up ‎ which earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. ‎ early Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came,‎ Besides information comes they will invite their students ∧pick the fresh vegetables! ‎ to ‎[解析]‎ ‎1. all改成both或去掉all　考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用both指代。‎ ‎2. 第一个a改为an或one　考查冠词用法。名词hour虽然是辅音字母开头，但发音为元音，用an或one均可。‎ ‎3. interesting改为interested　考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣。‎ ‎4. that改为which　考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。‎ ‎5. earlier改为early　考查副词的用法。此处无比较对象，用原级表示“起得早”。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took,‎ ‎ I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ ‎[答案]‎ When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies. I had grown not only ‎ have physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I but taken ‎ entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. ‎ became ‎ Around me in ∧picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car this/the that/which magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，‎ different playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me latest ‎ many happy memories of your high school days. ‎ my ‎5. become→became　考查动词的时态。因为become和前面的entered是并列谓语，故也用一般过去时。‎ ‎6. picture前加this/the　考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。‎ ‎7. they→that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。‎ ‎8. difference→different　考查词形转换。修饰名词kinds用形容词。‎ ‎9. late→latest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意“收集最新的唱片”可知需要用最高级。‎ ‎10．your→my　考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面me可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. 【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第二次联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ An English party will be holding in the school hall at seven o’clock in the evening on November 12. We have prepared much wonderful programs for you. First, some teachers and students will give lectures on the important of English study. Beside, some students will introduce to us our rich experience of English study. In the end, some students will sing English songs for us. We’re sure of that these wonderful programs will impress you deep. Everyone was welcome to take an active part it. Don’t forget the time and address and don’t forget to tell us what you think of a party in your diary. Wish you had a pleasant time.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文是一则通知，介绍了英语晚会的时间、地点、具体节目和注意事项。‎ ‎1. holding—held.考查过去分词。此处是一般将来时的被动，结构为：will be+过去分词，指将要举行，故holding—held.‎ ‎4. Beside—Besides.考查副词。Beside “在…旁边”，Besides“此外，而且”，此处与First呼应表示此外，故Beside—Besides.‎ ‎5. our—their.考查代词。此处指一些学生会给我们介绍他们学英语的丰富经验，指代some students用their，故our—their.‎ ‎6. 去掉sure后的of.考查宾语从句。此处be sure后加宾语从句，由that引导不用of，故去掉sure后的of.‎ ‎7. deep—deeply.考查副词。此处修饰动词impress用副词，指深深地留印象，故deep—deeply.‎ ‎8.was—is.考查时态。此处是通知表示现在的事实，欢迎每个人参加。用一般现在时，故was—is.‎ ‎9.part后加in.考查固定短语。take part in表示参加某项活动，此处后面有宾语it，要加介词in,故part后加in.‎ ‎10.a—the.考查冠词。此处指上文提到的An English party，用定冠词。故a—the.‎ ‎2. 【广东省五校2018届高三12月联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Last Saturday, I , with a friend of mine, were having a picnic in a park when it began to rain heavily. We packed everything up rapid and were ready to leave. My friend, her hair was already wet, suddenly couldn’t move and speak. Her eye were rolling and she was about to lose consciousness. I was so frightening that I didn’t know how to doo. Luckily, a woman on a bicycle appeared. Struggle with the rain, she managed to call an ambulance. My friend has recovered the next morning. I am so grateful for the woman. But I haven’t even got chance to thank her.‎ ‎【答案】‎ 考查定语从句。“whose hair was already wet”是定语从句，修饰My ‎ friend，从句中作定语用关系代词whose。故将her改为whose。‎ 考查名词。句意：她的眼睛上翻即将失去意识。由谓语动词were是复数可知，主语用复数，故将eye改为eyes。‎ 考查形容词。句意：我是如此害怕以至于我不知道做什么。frightened“害怕的”修饰人，表示人的感受；frightening“令人害怕的”修饰物，表示物的特征。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到害怕”。故将frightening改为frightened。‎ 考查连词。do是及物动词，用what作宾语，how是副词作状语。故将how改为what。‎ 考查动词。句意：在大雨中挣扎着，她设法叫了救护车。“Struggling with the rain”作状语，主语she与struggle之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语表示主动关系。故将struggle改为struggling。‎ 考查动词。句意：我的朋友第二天上午恢复了。根据时间状语the next morning推断，句子讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故去掉has。‎ 考查介词。句意：我非常感激这位女士。be grateful to sb.“对某人表示感谢”是常用搭配。结合句意，故将for改为to。‎ 考查冠词。句意：但是我没有机会感谢她。chance“机会”是可数名词。根据语境可知，用单数。故在chance前加a。‎ ‎3. 【河北省五个一联盟2018届高三上学期第二次模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 death. Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour. He said, “I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise. A few minutes late, our house fell down. I managed to climb out, but much to my shocking, one of my boys were missing. I quickly went back inside and found them safe but frightened.” Soldiers came to rescue those burying under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes, and shelters for homeless.‎ ‎【答案】1.去掉last Friday前面的on ‎ ‎2. death变复数 ‎ ‎3. last变过去时态lasted ‎ ‎4. while改为when ‎5. late 改为 later ‎ ‎6. shocking 改为 shock ‎ ‎7. were 改为 was ‎ ‎8. them 改为 him ‎ ‎9. burying 改为 buried ‎10. homeless 前面加 the ‎【解析】第一处，去掉on，last Friday前不需要加介词。‎ 第二处，death改为deaths。考查名词的单复数。4人死亡，应用复数。‎ 第三处，last改为lasted。考查并列谓语动词的时态一致，前文began为一般过去时，此处and之后的last也应该用一般过去时，lasted。‎ 第四处，while改为when。在引导时间状语从句时，while之后只能跟延续性动词，而hear一词是短暂性动词，故用when替代。‎ 第五处，late改为later。later用在一段时间之后表示“…之后”，a few minutes later 几分钟之后。而late意为“迟的，晚的”。‎ 第六处，shocking改为shock。属词类用错，此处应用名词形式。shock 名词，震惊。much to my shock使我非常震惊的是…‎ ‎4. 【河南省豫北豫南名校2018届高三上学期第二次联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I have always been very fond of sport. When I see some people snowboarding, I decided to give them a try. It was difficult to do than I had expected. At the first I found that I could not keep my balances on a board easily. And it was almost impossible to me to go any distance without falling. I hated to fail in any sport, but I continued to try and final managed to go all the way down a slope(斜坡)with an accident. It was then that I realized how a great sport it was. Now I’d rather going snowboarding regularly.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者爱好运动，他学习滑雪并爱上滑雪运动的经历。‎ 第一处：根据下文的谓语动词decided，was…都用的过去时，可以判断出此处用一般过去时，故要将see改为saw。‎ 第二处：根据前面的滑雪，可以得知我也想尝试一下滑雪运动，指代的是单数，故them改为it。‎ 第三处：根据than比较级的标志词得知“比我想象的更困难”用形容词比较级，故要在was后加more。‎ 第四处：起初at first，固定短语。故要将the去掉。‎ 第五处：保持平衡，keep one‘s balance，平衡是不可数名词。故要将balances改为balance。‎ ‎5. 【河南省中原名校（即豫南九校）2018届高三第二次质量考评试题】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Getting rid of the bad habit of procrastination(拖延症)is now my goal in life. My first step was to set small targets what can be reached realistically. For example, I plan to set a timetable for my study. So after school, I will put finishing homework in the last place. Additionally, I will make a list of my important task including their due dates but follow my schedule strictly. I will avoid find excuses for putting them off. At same time, I will ask for my friends and parents to help me. By achieving this small targets, I have confident that I will overcome procrastination.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎2. what→that/which，考查定语从句。句意：我的第一步是设定一些能实际达到的小目标。先行词是small targets，在从句中作主语，而what不能用于定语从句，故把what改为which或that。‎ ‎3. last→first，考查语境理解。既然是要治愈拖延症，当然是把完成作业放在第一位。故把last改为first。‎ ‎4. task→tasks，考查名词单复数。句意：我会列一个重要任务的清单。任务不只一个，故把task改为tasks。‎ ‎5. but→and，考查连词。列清单然后按照时间表行事。是顺承关系，不是转折关系，故把but改为and。‎ ‎6. find→finding，固定搭配：avoid doing sth“避免做某事”。故把find改为finding。‎ ‎7. same前面加the，固定词组：at the same time“同时”，故在same前面加the。‎ ‎8. 删除ask后面的for，固定结构：ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事，这里表示“我会要求朋友和父母帮助我”，故删除for。‎ ‎9. this→these，句意：通过实现这些小的目标。targets是复数，故把this改为these。‎ ‎10. confident→confidence have是谓语动词，故后面用名词作宾语，故把confident改为confidence。‎