【英语】山东省临沂市2020届高三4月一模考试试题（解析版） 22页

山东省临沂市2020届高三4月一模考试英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Amsterdam Destination Guide Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums and cycling culture. Here are some key points for your trip to Amsterdam. ‎ Must-See Attractions Begin with the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. Don’t miss the Dam Square and the areas around Spui and Nieuwmarkt. You’ll also want check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum. ‎ If You Have Time The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy home owners and is a place for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The P1antage area has most of the city’s museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.‎ Transportation Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is located about 15 kilometers southwest of city center. You can catch a train from Schiphol to Amsterdam Central Station which has many connecting routes. Parking is difficult in the city center, so cycling is incredibly popular here, and it’s easy to find cheap bike rentals around town.‎ Money Saving Tips Unless you really want to see the tulips blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices surge. ‎ Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper ‎ than in the city center. ‎ Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.‎ ‎1. Where can visitors have a picnic?‎ A. The Old Centre. B. The Museum Quarter.‎ C. The Vondelpark D. The Plantage area.‎ ‎2. Why is cycling so popular in the city center?‎ A. It’s difficult to park cars there. B. It has too many connecting routes.‎ C. It’s too far from the airport. D. It’s very cheap to purchase a bike.‎ ‎3. How can visitors save money according to the author’s advice?‎ A. Booking in Mid-April. B. Buying train tickets at the counter.‎ C. Parking in the city center. D. Booking hotel in the South District.‎ B Five years ago, Yellow-Purple tore a flexor tendon(屈肌腱), making it difficult to use her left leg. The little penguin was having a hard time walking and swimming. ‎ Yellow-Purple lives with a large group of African penguins at Mystic Aquarium in Mystic, Connecticut. African penguins are an endangered species. They are beautiful, black and white birds that are about two feet tall when fully grown, and they are very popular with the Aquarium’s visitors. ‎ The staff at the Aquarium made a little support boot for Yellow-Purple from plastic. This supported her left ankle and made it much easier for her to do all the things that penguins like to do. Yellow-Purple was getting along fine with her boot, but then Dr. Jen Flower, Chief Clinical Veterinarian at Mystic Aquarium, heard about 3 D printing technology. She decided to use it to help better the boot. ‎ Luckily, Mystic Aquarium’s Vice President of Education &Conservation, Kelly Marls, knew that Mystic Middle School had recently acquired a 3D Systems printer. Kelly reached out to the school and arranged a meeting. Sue Prince, Library Media Specialist at Mystic Middle School, and seven middle school students visited Yellow-Purple to learn what was needed, and then contacted the supplier of their 3 D printer, ACT Group. ‎ With ACT Group’s help, the students learned how to scan Yellow-Purple’s existing foot cast, then use that data to create a more efficient boot with sculpting software. The final boot design ‎ was printed on a 3D printer using multiple materials, allowing the boot to be flexible enough for comfortable movement, yet hard enough to support the injured tendon. ‎ The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walking almost back to normal. It was a great way to put science into practice. Celebrities like Ashton Kutcher shared Yellow-Purple’s story on Facebook, inspiring more than 1.5 million combined views.‎ ‎4. What can we learn about African penguins?‎ A. They are very large in number. B. They are dangerous species.‎ C. They are beautiful when young. D. They are attractive to visitors.‎ ‎5. Who came up with the idea of an updated support boot?‎ A. The ACT Group. B. Dr. Jen Flower.‎ C. Kelly Matis. D. Sue Prince ‎6. What preparation work was done before the students got the ACT Group’s help?‎ A. They reached school on time. B. They held a meeting to discuss the problem.‎ C. They paid a visit to Yellow-Purple. D. They contacted the ACT Group for supplies.‎ ‎7. What is the best title for this text?‎ A. The development of 3D printing B. A penguin benefiting from high-tech C. An effort to put science into practice D. A software that can design C We spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300, 000-year human evolution(进化), work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, or science. ‎ The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn’t earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn’t experience a sense of purpose. ‎ Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept ‎ of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer team, etc.‎ Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined(交融的) with who they are. They don’t just come to work, they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.‎ ‎8. Why did we spend much of our adult lives working?‎ A. To prepare for future careers. B. To find the water sources.‎ C. To help us evolve. D. To make us survive.‎ ‎9. Why did the writer mention the worker a century, ago?‎ A. To help us find meaning at work. B. To prove that the idea was modern.‎ C. To show us the bad old days. D. To complain about the experience.‎ ‎10. Which of the following might William Kahn agree with?‎ A. Employees have different understandings about their work role.‎ B. Every employee must bring their whole self to work.‎ C. To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.‎ D. Workers’ core identity is built on art categories.‎ ‎11 What kind of employees do most companies favour?‎ A. Those who see work as a job.‎ B. Those who identify with their work role.‎ C. Those who are fully devoted to their work.‎ D. Those who possess experience.‎ D Wearing a headset to play a virtual-reality game is fun. As you move your head around, you can see the scene from different angles. You’re in a fake environment that seems so real. But the power of VR may go well beyond entertainment. It just might help people who suffer from long time of pain, a new study finds.‎ ‎“If VR can reduce some types of pain, it could become a new cure with fewer side effects than drugs,” says Sam Hughes, a psychologist at Imperial College London. “And it would be 1ess expensive.”‎ Hughes’ group studies bone and muscle pain. One example is sciatica. Sciatica is a form of pain doctors call chronic pain, which is different from the hurt you feel when you hit your knee against a table or put your hand in very hot water. It is fairly long-1ived pain and may even spread from an initial site to other body parts. ‎ The researchers tested the pain-altering effect of virtual reality. Each volunteer accepted some form of temporary pain. The pain came from a special cream applied to the skin. The cream contained capsaicin. It’s the chemical in hot peppers that burns your mouth. ‎ They then showed the volunteers a movie. Each volunteer would see the movie twice-once in 3D, while wearing a VR headset, and once on a normal 2 D screen. The researchers randomly decided for each volunteer whether they watched the 2D or 3D version first. Using the 2D movie as the comparison allowed them to isolate the effect of VR. Watching the movie in VR reduced the pain in the skin area better than did viewing the movie in 2D. VR helped them tolerate more pain in the area of the creamed skin. However, that pain reduction ended a few minutes after removing the VR headsets. The researchers wondered how well VR might reduce other types of pain.‎ ‎12. What’s one of the advantages of VR to reduce pain?‎ A. It’s much safer. B. It’s more convenient.‎ C. It’s much faster. D. It’s more efficient.‎ ‎13. What does the underlined word “chronic” mean in Paragraph 3?‎ A. sudden B. long-term C. 1ight D. sharp ‎14. Why was the special cream used in the experiment?‎ A. To find chemicals in hot peppers. B. To bring comfort to volunteers.‎ C. To burns the volunteers’ mouth. D. To cause some temporary pain.‎ ‎15. How was the test carried out?‎ A. By giving numbers. B. By using examples.‎ C. By making a comparison. D. By presenting research findings.‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Life in Death Valley Death Valley is a huge place, extending more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger.‎ ‎___16___It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3, 000 meters into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley. But, during summer months, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius. ___17___ The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people. ‎ In many areas of Death Valley, it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations, with colors of red, brown, gray, yellow and black. In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock. The lines are evidence of the past presence of water. ___18___. ‎ Much of Death Valley is flat and extremely dry. In some areas the ground is nothing but salt. However, it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley. ___19___ Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain. Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley. Visitors might see the dog-1ike animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise. ‎ Throughout history, Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley. Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9, 000 years ago. Nowadays, more than one million people visit it each year. ___20___The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.‎ A. The valley is full of life.‎ B. The setting sun is visitors’ favorite.‎ C. Images here seem to change each minute.‎ D. Death Valley, is a place of strange and silent beauty.‎ E. Death Valley doesn’t forgive those who are not careful.‎ F. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.‎ G. The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years.‎ 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ We walked slowly through the wet grass, our eyes searching for the enemy. Suddenly, machine-gun fire broke the quiet. We hit the ground, ___21___from the shots by a low stone wall. As I ordered two soldiers to help me locate and___22___the machine gun. I heard___23___and then I was on my back. ‎ ‎“Lieutenant(中尉)!Lieutenant! You’ve been hit!” one soldier cried. Two medics rushed me to an aid ___24___. A doctor slapped a bandage on my bloody knee; then the medics drove me to a___25___field hospital. They carried me into a tent where dozens of ___26___soldiers were lined up on the ground. I watched the nurses working ___27___ things went black. When I woke up. I was lying on a bed wearing nothing but a blanket. ‎ ‎“Wake up, Lieutenant!” a nurse shouted. “You’ve got to get on a plane-you’re ___28___ to a hospital in England!” I ___29___. All my worldly possessions lay in a mountainous heap of equipment. I could replace everything ____30____ the photo of my new bride, Ellen, which I always carried with me. ‎ ‎“I’m not going until I get my wife’s picture.” I said. “It’s in the gas mask cover you ____31____ from me.” I knew the nurse could make me go, ____32____ instead she said, “OK, I’ll see if I can find it.” then ran out to search through the ____33____. Time stood still until finally she came running ____34____ back. “I’ve got it!” she shouted, waving the picture in her upraised hand. ‎ That photograph ____35____ me through tough times. Now-69 years later-it sits on my bedside table.‎ ‎21. A. escaped B. sheltered C. removed D. prevented ‎22. A. knock out B. search for C. stay away D. run towards ‎23. A. a thunder B. a scream C. a crash D. an explosion ‎24. A. school B. station C. program D. advisor ‎25. A. ruined B. famous C. nearby D. advanced ‎26. A. wounded B. brave C. dead D. cured ‎27. A. because B. though C. after D. before ‎28. A. driving B. connecting C. flying D. engaging ‎29. A. hesitated B. opposed C. panicked D. whispered ‎30. A. with B. by C. for D. except ‎31. A. took away B. carried out C. cleared up D. kept back ‎32. A. so B. and C. or D. but ‎33. A. tents B. hills C. piles D. beds ‎34. A. breathlessly B. disappointedly C. nervously D. mysteriously ‎35. A. benefited B. comforted C. reminded D. challenged 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎“There’s no place like home.” This English saying has much truth in it: the best place___36___ (surround) by our loved ones and with a roof over our head. And for many young adults, it’s the only affordable place to stay: somewhere where they can receive first-class service___37___ mum and dad. But this comes at a price!‎ In some countries. it’s quite traditional for people in their late ___38___ (teen) and early 20s to live at home with their parents, but in other places, flying the nest to start their own___39___ (depend) life is very desirable. Without complaining, you can come and go ___40___ you wish. But there’s been a growing trend, in the UK at least, for young people to return home to live-or not to leave home at 11. According to a survey, about a quarter of young adults ___41___ (age) 20-34 live at home, and that figure has been growing. ‎ Many returning adult children enjoy home comforts. These include cooked meals, a full fridge and cleaning, as well as their bills being covered by what is ___42___ (common) called “the hotel of mum and dad”. But for the “hoteliers”, mum and dad, the survey found the average cost to them has gone up sharply, and that they are sacrificing luxuries and holidays ___43___ (look) after their “big kids”. ‎ With parents spending around￡1,886 on takeaway food, ___44___ (buy)new furniture and ‎ upgrading their Wi-Fi for the benefit of their children, it’s easy for the returning children to put their feet up and make themselves at home. That’s before they learn ____45____ home truth that one day it might be their own kids who’11 be checking into the hotel of mum and dad!‎ 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(满分15分)‎ ‎46.假如你是李华，你的美国朋友George在纽约所住的小区中有多人感染新冠病毒而发病。请你给他写一封邮件安慰他并告知注意事项。‎ 注意：1. 词数80左右：‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 参考词汇：新冠病毒novel coronations。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 第二节(满分25分)‎ ‎47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。‎ It was Gross’s idea to go into Torngat Mountains National Park in Canada’s Arctic. Only a few hundred people went to the park each year, and Gross wanted to be part of that club. Chase did, too, but she worried about hiking in polar bear country. ‎ Two Sierra Club guides were the leaders. Gross, then 60, worked for a housing nonprofit in San Francisco. Chase, 59, a medical consultant from North Carolina. The pair had guided 13 trips together. Joining them were Larry, 63, a New York City lawyer; Frankel, 65, an exercise physiologist(生理学者) from Oregon; Dyer, 48, a legal aid lawyer from Maine; and Isenberg, 55, a physician from Arizona. Chase’s husband, Mendez, 63, a quality-improvement consultant, would be joining them as well. ‎ On Sunday, July 21, 2013, a floatplane carrying the Club party went down toward the eastern shore of the Torngats. The first thing the group did was set up camp 150 yards from the shore. At ‎4 a. m., Mendez stepped out of his tent-and saw that they weren’t alone. “Polar bear on the ‎ beach!” he yelled. A mother and her cub(幼崽)were walking along the shore in the early-morning light. ‎ Over dinner, they laughed, sharing stories of their past trips and lives back home. They didn’t talk much about the bear that was observing them. It seemed almost like a piece of the landscape-just another detail in the impressive setting. Mendez felt reassured by their bear interactions that day. The mother and cub weren’t interested in them. But Dyer couldn’t shake his unease. “Why don’t we post a watch?” he asked. But Gross wasn’t worried. “That’s what the fence is for.” he told Dyer. ‎ They fell asleep listening to the waves. At 3:‎30 a. m.. Chase woke to screams. From the window of her tent, she saw a polar bear a few feet away. It was down on all fours, eyes level with her, huge and white except for the black of its eyes and nose. “Gross!” she screamed. The bear tore at a neighboring tent and dragged something into the darkness. Gross grabbed his flare gun, ran out in his long underwear, and aimed at the bear. The animal was 75 feet away, heading west. ‎ Paragraph 1：‎ He saw that what was in the bear’s mouth was not a thing at all-it was Dyer. _____________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2:‎ The bear dropped Dyer hard and fled. ____________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；‎ ‎2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。阿姆斯特丹是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，以其美丽的运河、顶尖的艺术博物馆和自行车文化而闻名。本文主要介绍了去阿姆斯特丹旅行的一些攻略。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中…having a picnic in the Vondelpark(在Vondelpark野餐)由此可知，游客可以在Vondelpark野餐。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中Parking is difficult in the city center, so cycling is incredibly popular here, and it’s easy to find cheap bike rentals around town.可知市中心很难停车，所以自行车在这里非常受欢迎，而且在镇上很容易找到便宜的自行车租赁点。由此可知，自行车在市中心这么受欢迎是因为在那里停车很困难。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.可知在阿姆斯特丹的南区寻找住宿，那里的房价通常比市中心便宜。由此可知，游客在South District预定酒店可以省钱。故选D。‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了人们利用3D打印技术给一只名为Yellow-Purple的企鹅打造靴子的事情，这只靴子是用来支撑Yellow-Purple走路的。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中They are beautiful, black and white birds that are about two feet tall when fully grown, and they are very popular with the Aquarium’s visitors.可知它们是美丽的黑白相间的鸟，成年后大约有两英尺高，非常受水族馆游客的欢迎。由此可知，非洲企鹅对游客有吸引力。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中Yellow-Purple was getting along fine with her boot, but then Dr. Jen Flower, Chief Clinical Veterinarian at Mystic Aquarium, heard about 3 D printing technology. She decided to use it to help better the boot.可知Yellow-Purple和她的靴子相处得很好，但是神秘水族馆的首席临床兽医Jen Flower博士听说了3d打印技术。她决定用它来帮助改善靴子。由此可知，Jen Flower博士想出了更新靴子的想法。故选B。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中Sue Prince, Library Media Specialist at Mystic Middle School, and seven middle school students visited Yellow-Purple to learn what was needed, and then contacted the supplier of their 3 D printer, ACT Group.可知神秘中学图书馆媒体专家Sue Prince和七名中学生拜访了Yellow-Purple，了解了需要什么，然后联系了他们的3D打印机供应商ACT集团。由此可知，在学生得到ACT集团的帮助之前，他们拜访了Yellow-Purple。故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walking almost back to normal. It was a great way to put science into practice.可知当看到Yellow-Purple几乎恢复正常行走时，学生们都很激动。这是一种将科学应用于实践的伟大方式。结合文章介绍了人们利用3D打印技术给一只名为Yellow-Purple的企鹅打造靴子的事情，这只靴子是用来支撑Yellow-Purple走路的。故B选项“一只从高科技中获益的企鹅”符合文章标题，故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】标题确定题属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上，还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。‎ 概括性原则：要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。‎ 针对性原则：针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度。‎ 醒目性原则：标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍，故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。‎ 如第四小题，根据最后一段中The students were thrilled when they saw Yellow-Purple walking almost back to normal. It was a great way to put science into practice.可知当看到Yellow-Purple几乎恢复正常行走时，学生们都很激动。这是一种将科学应用于实践的伟大方式。结合文章介绍了人们利用3D打印技术给一只名为Yellow-Purple的企鹅打造靴子的事情，这只靴子是用来支撑Yellow-Purple走路的。故B选项“一只从高科技中获益的企鹅”符合文章标题，故选B。‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。成年后，我们有三分之一的时间在工作，还有很大一部分时间在为职业生涯做准备。工作是为了生存，而把“完整的自己”带到工作中去，这也是一种相当新颖的职业建议。文章还说明了不同的人对工作的看法。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.可知我们工作是为了吃饭，避免被吃掉。由此可知，我们成年后大部分时间都在工作，是为了生存。故选D。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention.可知我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作，这种想法即使不是后现代的，也是相当现代的发明。接着后文作者提到了这个一个世纪前的工人，由此可推知，作者提到这个一个世纪前的工人，是为了证明这个想法是现代的。故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role.可知他的观点是，员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同。由此可知，A选项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于William Kahn的观点。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics most companies long for.可知他们似乎几乎被工作迷住了，是大多数公司渴望的工作狂类型。由此可知，大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，VR可能会帮助那些长期遭受痛苦的人。因为VR能减少一些痛感，而且相对药物副作用少。并且对比实验证明了VR能减少某些方面的疼痛。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “If VR can reduce some types of pain, it could become a new cure with fewer side effects than drugs,” says Sam Hughes, a psychologist at Imperial College London.可知伦敦帝国理工学院的心理学家Sam Hughes表示:“如果VR能够减轻某些类型的疼痛，它可能会成为一种比药物副作用更少的新疗法。”由此可知，VR减少疼痛的优点之一是更安全。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文It is fairly long-1ived pain and may even spread from an initial site to other body parts.可知疼痛持续的时间相当长，甚至可能从最初的部位扩散到身体的其他部位。由此可知，坐骨神经痛是一种被医生称为慢性疼痛的疼痛，故划线单词意思为“长期的”。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中Each volunteer accepted some form of temporary pain. The pain came from a special cream applied to the skin.可知每个志愿者都接受了某种形式的暂时疼痛。疼痛来自于涂在皮肤上的一种特殊的药膏。由此可知，在实验中使用特殊的药膏是为了造成暂时的疼痛。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Each volunteer would see the movie twice-once in 3D, while wearing a VR headset, and once on a normal 2 D screen. The researchers randomly decided for each volunteer whether they watched the 2D or 3D version first. Using the 2D movie as the comparison allowed them to isolate the effect of VR.可知每个志愿者会看两次电影——一次是3D的，戴着VR头盔，另一次是普通的2d屏幕。研究人员随机决定每个志愿者先看2D还是3D版本。以2D电影作为对比，让他们分离出VR的效果。由此可知，测试是由观看3D和2D的志愿者进行对比完成的。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第二小题，根据后文It is fairly long-1ived pain and may even spread from an initial site to other body parts.可知疼痛持续的时间相当长，甚至可能从最初的部位扩散到身体的其他部位。由此可知，坐骨神经痛是一种被医生称为慢性疼痛的疼痛，故划线单词意思为“长期的”。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. A 20. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。死亡谷是一个巨大的地方，从加州南部延伸到邻近的内华达州，全长超过225公里。尽管这个地方很美，但它的名字却证明了它的危险性。文章主要介绍了死亡谷的情况，包括极端气候、地势等。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据后文It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3, 000 meters into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley.可知它有近140万公顷的沙漠和高达3000多米的山脉。死亡谷在冬天的几个月里可能是危险的寒冷。山中的暴风雨会使谷底突然发洪水。由此可知，死亡谷是个危险的极端之地。故F选项“死亡谷是一个美丽却危险的极端之地”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据后文The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.可知死亡谷的极端高温曾经造成过人员死亡。由此可知，进入死亡谷的人们如果不小心可能就会死在死亡谷里。故E选项“死亡谷不会原谅那些不小心的人”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock. The lines are evidence of the past presence of water.可知。在死亡谷的其他地方，岩石上也有线条。这些线条是过去存在水的证据。由此可知，线条表明死亡谷过去一直是海洋。故G选项“这个地区数千年来一直深埋在海底”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据后文Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain. Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley. Visitors might see the dog-1ike animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.可知即使下一点雨，野花也长得很快。有几种鸟类生活在死亡谷。游客们可能会看到像狗一样的动物——土狼，或野生大角羊，或其他动物，如沙漠龟。由此可知，死亡谷里也有生机。故A选项“这个山谷充满了生机”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据后文The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.可知太阳慢慢地把山谷变成了金黄色，然后逐渐加深，变成了柔和的棕色，然后又变成了暗红色。夜幕降临时，群山变成了暗紫色，然后是黑色。由此可知，死亡谷中的景色变化多端。故C选项“这里的景色似乎每分钟都在变化”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)‎ ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，作者在一场战争中受伤并丟失了妻子的照片，在他的坚持下，一名护士帮助他取回了照片，作者对此很感激，是妻子的照片陪伴自己度过了那段艰难的岁月。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们趴在地上，利用前面的低矮石墙掩护自己。A. escaped逃跑；B. sheltered庇护，掩护；C. removed去掉；D. prevented阻止。根据后文from the shots by a low stone wall可知，作者他们利用前面的低矮石墙掩护自己。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我命令两名士兵帮我定位并打掉机关枪。A. knock out 击倒，打掉；B. search for寻找；C. stay away外出；D. run towards朝……跑。结合后文the machine gun可知作者命令两名士兵帮作者定位并打掉机关枪。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听到爆炸声——然后我就趴在地上。A. a thunder雷；B. a scream尖叫声；C. a crash坠机；D. an explosion爆炸。根据后文“Lieutenant! Lieutenant! You’ve been hit!” one soldier cried.可知爆炸把作者击中了。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名医护人员迅速把我送到救护站。A. school学校；B. station站点，车站；C. program程序；D. advisor顾问。根据后文A doctor可知作者被送到了救护站。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生给我那流血的膝盖打了个绷带；然后医护人员把我送到附近的野战医院。A. ruined荒废的；B. famous出名的；C. nearby附近的；D. advanced先进的。作者受了伤，肯定是被送到附近的医院好及时接受救治。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们把我抬到一个帐篷里，那里有几十名受伤的士兵被排在地上。A. wounded受伤的；B. brave勇敢的；C. dead死的；D. cured治愈的。医院里肯定都是在战场上受了伤的士兵。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：我看着护士们趁着一切没变糟糕之前，紧张的工作着。A. because因为；B. though虽然；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。此处为时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”用before。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你得坐飞机——你要飞往英国的医院!”A. driving驾驶；B. connecting连接；C. flying(乘飞行器或航天器)航行；D. engaging参加。根据上文You’ve got to get on a plane可知作者要飞往英国的医院。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我惊慌失措。A. hesitated犹豫；B. opposed反对；C. panicked恐慌；D. whispered低声说。根据后文All my worldly possessions lay in a mountainous heap of equipment.‎ 可知作者所有的私人物品都放在一堆堆积如山的设备里，作者却要立即飞往英国了，因此惊慌失措。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：我可以把所有的东西都放在这，除了我的新娘Ellen的照片，我总是随身带着她的照片。A. with和；B. by借助；C. for为了；D. except除了。作者可以不要其他所有的个人物品，除了（except）他新娘Ellen的照片。故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“在你从我这里拿走的防毒面具里。”A. took away拿走；B. carried out实施；C. cleared up清理；D. kept back留下。根据上文I was lying on a bed wearing nothing but a blanket.可知作者的防毒面具被人拿走了。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：我知道护士可以让我去，但她却说:“好吧，我去看看能不能找到。”然后跑出去在成堆的东西里找。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. or或者；D. but但是。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用but。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道护士可以让我去，但她却说:“好吧，我去看看能不能找到。”然后跑出去在成堆的东西里找。A. tents帐篷；B. hills丘陵；C. piles成堆；D. beds床。对应上文All my worldly possessions lay in a mountainous heap of equipment.可知护士去在成堆的东西里找作者的东西。故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：时间静止了，最后她气喘吁吁地跑了回来。A. breathlessly气喘地；B. disappointedly失望地；C. nervously紧张地；D. mysteriously神秘地。护士是跑着回来的，因此气喘吁吁。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那张照片在我困难的时候给了我安慰。A. benefited受益；B. comforted安慰；C. reminded提醒；D. challenged挑战。作者到哪儿都带着Ellen的照片，是因为照片能在作者困难的时候给予作者安慰。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】36. is surrounded 37. from 38. teens 39. independent 40. as 41. aged 42. commonly 43. to look 44. buying 45. a ‎【解析】‎ 分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。对许多年轻人来说，这是唯一负担得起的地方：在这里他们可以从父母那里得到一流的服务。一项调查显示，在20到34岁的年轻人中，约有四分之一的人住在家里，而且这个数字还在不断增长。许多返乡的成年子女享受着家的舒适，父母却为了照顾“大孩子”不得不牺牲了奢侈品和假期。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为place，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is surrounded。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查介词。根据短语receive from表示“收到，从……接收”。故填from。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：在一些国家，人们在十八九岁和二十出头的时候和父母住在一起是很传统的，但在另一些地方，背井离乡开始自己独立的生活是非常可取的。根据短语in one’s teens表示“在青少年时代（13岁到19岁）”。故填teens。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词。修饰后文名词life应用形容词，且表示“独立的”形容词为independent。故填independent。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：毫无怨言，你可以如你希望地那样来来回回。此处为方式状语从句，表示“如（像）你希望的那样”应用as引导。故填as。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：一项调查显示，在20到34岁的年轻人中，约有四分之一的人住在家里，而且这个数字还在不断增长。结合句意此处表示“……岁的”应用形容词aged，作定语。故填aged。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查副词。修饰后文动词call应用副词commonly，表示“一般地，通常地”。故填commonly。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知look在句中应用非谓语形式，且此处做目的 状语应用不定式。故填to look。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知buy在句中应用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语parents构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填buying。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查冠词。truth此处表示泛指,表示“一个家庭真相”，应用不定冠词，且home为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。‎ ‎【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。‎ 如第九小题，分析句子结构可知buy在句中应用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语parents构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填buying。‎ 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(满分15分)‎ ‎【答案】Dear George，‎ I’m sorry to learn from your email that many people in your neighbourhood have got infected with the novel coronations. Novel coronations is the danger to the health of human beings. However, there is no sense worrying too much about it. In China, we have gone all out and succeeded stopping it from spreading. I advise that you wear masks when going out and wash your hands regularly. Do not go where it’s crowded. If we defend ourselves correctly, I' m sure we will win.‎ With best wishes.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，你的美国朋友George在纽约所住的小区中有多人感染新冠病毒而发病。请你给他写一封邮件安慰他并告知注意事项。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：learn from (了解到)；get infected with (感染)；novel coronations (新冠病毒)；wear masks(戴口罩)等。 ‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用现在完成时和一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I advise that you wear masks when going out and wash your hands regularly.运用了宾语从句；If we defend ourselves correctly, I' m sure we will win.运用了条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节(满分25分)‎ ‎【答案】Paragraph 1：‎ He saw that what was in the bear’s mouth was not a thing at all-it was Dyer. Dyer seems to be unconscious and the bear is still intent on running away. Gross tried to stay calm with his mind racing. As he regretted he wondered how he would explain to his family if he could not save Dyer. Just then he saw a bush by the side of the road, and he set it on fire. The wet bush gave off so much smoke that it was hard to open one's eyes, let alone a bear.‎ Paragraph 2:‎ The bear dropped Dyer hard and fled. Gross quickly picked up Dyer, who woke up. They walked back together. When they got back to the camp, they found everyone waiting for them. They examined Dyers’ injuries, whose back had been bitten through and needed medical attention immediately. So they headed for the nearest hospital.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读后续写。‎ ‎【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要记叙了Gross和俱乐部的一些成员在托恩加特河东岸野营，白天遇到了北极熊，结果当晚北极熊来到了他们野营的地方，并且撕破了附近的一个帐篷，把什么东西拖进了黑暗中。‎ 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：他发现熊嘴里的东西根本不是什么东西，而是 Dyer。所以后文应该是讲述Gross营救Dyer的经过；第二段开头是：熊使劲把Dyer摔了下去，逃跑了。本段应该写Dyer获救后，Gross带他回到了营地，检查伤势，然后前往医院的事情。‎ 最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。‎ ‎【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：be unconscious, stay calm, set on fire等高级词汇； As he regretted, he wondered how he would explain to his family if he could not save Dyer.运用时间状语从句；The wet bush gave off so much smoke that it was hard to open one's eyes, let alone a bear.结果状语从句等高级句式。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎