专题2-5+Music（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学 13页

专题2.5+Music ‎【学以致用】‎ 三、重点句型剖析 ‎1.【教材原句】How does music make you feel? 音乐使你有什么感受？‎ ‎【句式分析】本句中make you feel属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补是不带to的动词不定式。“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式：‎ ‎（1）“make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式”表示“使/强迫……(做某事)”，但在被动语态结构中则用带to的不定式。类似用法的动词有：see，watch，notice，hear等。‎ make him understand/laugh使他了解/笑 He was made to go．他是被迫去的。‎ ‎（2）make＋宾语＋名词 He made himself a soldier.他使自己成为一名军人。‎ ‎（3）make＋宾语＋过去分词 The foreigner tried to make himself understood．这位外国人尽力使别人明白自己的意思。‎ ‎（4）make＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 I made him a new suit.我做了一套新的衣服给他。‎ 注意：“make＋名词”相当于与该名词同义的动词。make an answer相当于answer，意为“回答”；make an appointment相当于appoint，意为“约定”。学%‎ 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎（1）We shouldn't make our plan ________ (know) to everybody.‎ ‎（2）He was made ________ (wait) for her over an hour.‎ ‎（3）He explained it again to make himself ________ (understand)‎ ‎（4）Don't make the baby ________ (cried) any more.‎ ‎2.【教材原句】Sometimes they may play to passers－by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.‎ 有时他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ ‎（1）句中so that引导的是目的状语从句，意为“以便；以至于”，它相当于in order that。‎ Third，I should study hard so that / in order that I can do something better for my city in the future.‎ 第三，我应该努力学习以便将来我能更好地为我的城市做些更好的事。‎ We keep on telling people not to destroy the beauty of nature so that / in order that we can have a cleaner world.‎ 为了有一个更清洁的世界，我们一直告诫人们不要破坏美好的大自然。‎ ‎（2）当so that引导目的状语从句时可以转换成so as to或in order to结构时，后需要接动词的原形 We'll come at eight so that the meeting can begin early.‎ ‎＝We'll come at eight so as to/in order to make the meeting begin early.‎ 我们将在8点来，以便会议早点开始。‎ ‎（3）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果……”。‎ He got up late yesterday morning so that he missed the flight.‎ 他昨天早晨起晚了，结果没赶上航班。‎ ‎（1）句型转换。‎ You must work hard so that you can finish the work in time.‎ ‎→You must work hard ________ you can finish the work in time.‎ ‎→You must work hard ____________________．‎ ‎（2）单句改错。‎ Trust is needed in the whole society，which requires parents to obey their own rules and set a good example that children can trust them.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】that前加so ‎3.【教材原句】The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.‎ 音乐家一边演奏音乐，一边彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 句中不定式“to play...music”作were的表语，不定式作表语常用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或用来解释主语的内容。‎ Our most important task now is to make a plan．我们现在最重要的任务是制订一个计划。‎ My wish is to be a doctor when I grow up.我的愿望是长大后当一名医生。‎ What I love best now is to have a relaxing holiday.‎ 我现在最喜欢的是过一个轻松的假期。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎①不定式作表语：一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。如：What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。‎ ‎②动名词作表语：常表示抽象的一般性行为。如：Our work is serving the people. 我们的工作是为人民服务。‎ ‎【名师点津】‎ 有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。如：To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.眼见为实。‎ 即学即练］‎ 一、单句语法填空。‎ ‎（1）My job is ________ (look) after my sister when mum is cooking.‎ ‎（2）What I will do next is ________ (help) them.‎ ‎4.【教材原句】Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟随。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句为复杂的简单句。句中not ...without ...表示双重否定(即：肯定)，常见的句式：‎ not (never) do/no ...without (doing) sth. “没有……就不能……；要……必定……”‎ cannot...too... “越……越……无论怎样……也不为过”‎ The two men can never watch Feng Gong’s performance without laughing. ‎ 这两个人看冯巩的表演没有不笑的时候。‎ What he has said is not without reason.‎ 他说的话并非没有道理。‎ ‎（1）We can't leave the country a passport. ‎ 没有护照我们就不能出国。‎ ‎（2）He said he would not go to the party .‎ 他说没有受到邀请他是不会去参加那个聚会的。‎ ‎（3）You shouldn't have left anyone.‎ 你不该没向任何人道别就离开。‎ ‎5.【教材原句】Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且就像他们是亲密的朋友一样。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ ‎（1）本句为主从复合句。句子结构为：‎ ‎（2）在这个定语从句中，含有as if引导的方式状语从句修饰talked。当as if/though引导的从句中的内容为非真实情况时，从句通常用虚拟语气。‎ ‎①表示与现在事实相反时从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 ‎ ‎②表示与过去事实相反时从句的谓语动语用had＋过去分词。‎ ‎ She worked as calm as usual as if she had heard nothing. 她像往常一样平静地工作，好像什么也没听见一样。‎ ‎③表示将来的可能性不大时从句的谓语动语用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。‎ ‎ He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说些什么。‎ ‎【名师点津】‎ as if 从句用陈述语气的情况：当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。‎ It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ 看起来好像要下雨。 ‎ 一、选择题 ‎（1）Don't handle the vase as if it made of steel.‎ A．is　　　 B． were C．has been D． had been ‎【答案】　B 二、完成句子 ‎（2）看起来海水好像不干净，不能在这儿游泳。‎ It looks the sea water isn't clean enough to swim here.‎ ‎（3）他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对劲。‎ He quickly ran home, looking there was something wrong with him.‎ ‎【答案】（2）as if/though　（3）as if/though ‎6.【教材原句】Now whenever we go to the pub, we play our songs and buy drinks for the regulars. 现在，无论我们何时去酒吧，我们都为常客演奏歌曲、购买饮料。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 本句为主从复合句。本句中含有whenever引导的时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”，相当于no matter when。引导让步状语从句时，两种形式都可以用，但是引导名词性从句时，只能用whenever。用法相似的还有whatever，whichever，however，wherever与no matter what，no matter which，no matter how，no matter where等。‎ 即学即练］‎ ‎（1）Home is such a place where you can come back you are tired.‎ 家是这样的一个地方，一个无论你何时感到疲惫都可以回来休息的地方。‎ ‎（2） you happen to see such things is not strange.‎ 无论什么地方你看到那样的事都不奇怪。‎ ‎（3）I'll finish the job, ____________________________ it takes. ‎ 不管花多少时间，我都要完成这项工作。‎ ‎（4）_________________________________, never forget that you're a Chinese.‎ 无论走到哪里，都不要忘了你是个中国人。‎ ‎（5）If they do not take this fair chance, the consumer can do ____________________．‎ 如果他们不把握住这次公平的机会，消费者可以采取任何他们想采取的行动。‎ ‎7.【教材原句】At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.‎ 最后，由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。‎ ‎【句式分析】before引导时间状语从句时，往往表示主句动作先于从句动作发生，注意译法：‎ ‎（1）说明两个时间或两个事件之间的关系，译成“在......之前”。‎ We can set off early before it gets hot. 我们在天热之前早点出发。‎ ‎（2）与情态动词can/could连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，但根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及......就”。‎ ‎ Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。‎ ‎（3）用于肯定句中，强调主句所表达的时间多、距离长或花费的精力大，译成“才”。‎ ‎ We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。‎ ‎（4）用于否定句，强调主句所表达的时间少、距离短或花费的精力小，译成“不到......就”。‎ ‎ We hadn’t run a mail before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。‎ ‎（5）主句含有hardly, scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚......就”。这时主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时，还可以用when代替before。‎ We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. 我们刚到学校铃声就响了。‎ ‎（6）表示“宁愿；宁可”，相当于rather than。‎ I’d die before I apologized to them. 我宁死也不向他们道歉。‎ ‎（7）before常用于句型：‎ it was……before…… 过了(多长时间)才……‎ it will be……before……　要用(多长时间)才……‎ it wasn’t……before……　 没过(多长时间)就……‎ it won’t be……before…… 用不了(多长时间)就会……‎ ‎1)It was long before he came to help me．过了很久他才来帮我。‎ ‎2)It wash’t long before the fire was put out．不久火就给扑灭了。‎ ‎3)It will be another five days before we finish this task．还要再过五天我们才能完成任务。‎ ‎4)It won’t be a long time before someone comes to see you．不久就会有人来看你。‎ ‎ ‎ You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.‎ A．before　　　　　　　　B．if C．while D．as 答案：A ‎ ‎8．【教材原句】Music is more than just sound. 音乐决不仅仅是声音。‎ ‎【句式分析】more than＋数词，“……以上；多于……”，等同于 ‎＋名词，“不仅仅；不只；超过；远不止”‎ over ＋动词，“十分；大大地；远远地；不仅仅”‎ ‎＋...can/could＋v.“不能”‎ ‎＋adj./adv.，“非常；十分；更加”‎ ‎①By then he was more than fifty.‎ 那时他已经50多岁了。‎ ‎②Peace is much more than the absence of war.‎ 和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。学%‎ ‎③He more than smiled; he laughed out.‎ 他岂止是微笑，他简直是大笑了。‎ ‎④That's more than I can tell you.‎ 这一点我是不能告诉你的。‎ ‎⑤He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。‎ 拓展：‎ ‎(1)more＋adj./n.＋than＋adj./n..与其说……倒不如说……‎ ‎(2)no more than＋num.＝only 仅仅 ‎(3)not more than＋num.＝at most 至多 ‎(4)no more＋adj./adv.＋than...和……一样不……‎ ‎(5)not more＋adj./adv.＋than... 不如……‎ ‎(6)more than one “不止一个”，做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)Lizzie was ______ to see her friend off at the airport.‎ A．a little more than sad ‎ B．more than a little sad C．sad more than a little ‎ D．a little more than sad ‎ (2)—Tom is very stupid. He failed to pass the exam once again.‎ ‎—He is ______ than stupid.‎ A．lazier B．no lazier C．more lazy D．lazier rather 解析：more＋adj.＋than 意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。答句句意为：“与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。”‎ 答案：C 四、重点语法突破 介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句 ‎“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，多用于正式文体中。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which， whom， whose ‎ 。它们既可引导限定性定语从句，又可引导非限定性定语从句。同学们在学习这种定语从句时要注意以下几种情况： 一、注意介词的选取 ‎ ‎ “介词” + “关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据如下几点： ‎ ‎1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。如： Who is the man with whom you just shook hands？ 刚才和你握手的人是谁？ The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. ‎ 马克思不大有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。 ‎ ‎ ①In the dark street there wasn't a single person_____ she could turn for help.‎ ‎ 　 A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 解析：答案为 D 。介词 to 和定语从句中的 turn 构成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help。意为“向某人求助”。 ‎ ‎2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。如：‎ He had a bad cold， because of which he didn't attend the meeting. 他患了重感冒，因此未能参加会议。‎ The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition. 这辆车的速度要根据路面状况而定。‎ ‎②In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.，_______ many people have got home. 　A. whose time B.that C. on which D. by which ‎ 解析：答案为 D 。根据句意“到下午 5 ： 30 时，许多人已经到家了”，且定语从句中又用了完成时，故应用介词 by。 ‎ ‎3.根据意思也可用复杂介词，如 by means of ，as a result of， in front of， in the back of ，all of ， most of 等。如：‎ ‎　The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer. ‎ 用来测量温度的仪器叫温度计。 　There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard at a problem in mathematics. ‎ 教室里有四十个学生，他们都在努力计算一道数学难题。 ‎ 二、注意关系代词的选取 ‎　　 在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指代事物就用 which; 如果指代人则用 whom; 若表示“……的”则用 whose。 如： ‎ This is the classroom in which we studied last year. ‎ 这就是我们去年学习的教室。 There are sixty students in our class， twenty of whom are girls. ‎ 我们班有六十个学生，其中二十个是女生。 ‎ He lives in a house， whose door opens to the north.‎ ‎ 他住的房子门是朝北开的。 　 ①He paid the boy ＄ 10 for washing the windows, most of _____ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.‎ A. those B. these C. that D. which ‎ ‎②The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. ‎ ‎ A . who B. about whom C.whom D.with whom 解析：①中关系代词指代“窗子”，故用 which， 答案为 D ；② 中关系代词指代人，故用 whom，它又和后面的 told 构成固定搭配 tell sb. about sb./sth. ，故答案为 B。‎ 三、注意关系代词的替换 ‎1.介词 in， on， at， for 等与关系代词 which 一起引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词 when， where， why 等替换。如： 　　 America is the country in which George Washington was born. ‎ 美国是乔治•华盛顿出生的国家。 (in which 用 where 替换 ) ‎ I have forgotten the exact date on which this small country became independent. ‎ 我忘了这个国家独立的确切日期了。 (on which 用 when 替换 ) ‎ The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. ‎ 他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。 (for which 用 why 替换 ) 2. “名词 +of + 关系代词 ” 引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词“ whose + 名词”替换。如： ‎ I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn't been done. ‎ 我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。 (the homework of whom 用 whose homework 替换 ) 　　 She lives in the house the windows of which face to the east. ‎ 她住在一栋窗户朝东的房子里。 (the windows of which 用 whose windows 替换 ) 四、注意不能拆开的动词短语 并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开，要注意有些动词短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的有： look after， look for， turn in， pay attention to， take care of， depend on， listen to 等。如： ‎ The babies (whom)the nurses are looking after are very healthy . 保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。 　　Is this the book (which/that)she was looking for ？ 这是她正在找的那本书吗？ 　　Where is the wallet (which/that)you turned in yesterday？ 你昨天上交的钱包哪去了？ ‎ These are the words (which/that)you should pay attention to.这些是你应该注意的单词。 ‎ 五、注意“介词 +where ”引导的定语从句 ‎ ‎　　 有时我们可以见到“介词 +where ”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词 +which” 引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。如： ‎ His head soon appeared out of the window， from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。 (from where 相当于 from out of the window. 而不是 from the window) ‎ They stood on the top of the building， from where they could see the whole city. 他们站在楼顶上，从那儿能看到整个城市。 (from where 相当于 from the top of the building， 而不是 from the building) ‎ 六、介词+关系代词除后面加句子引导定语从句外，还可直接跟不定式作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如：He has saved another thousand dollars with which to support his family. ‎ ‎=He has saved another thousand dollars with which he could support his family. 他又攒了一千块钱，用这些钱他可以养活他的家庭。 注：在这种结构中，若把介词移至句尾，whom和which必须省略。比较： I have found a room in which to put my things. (正) I have found a room which to put my things in. (误) I have found a room to put my things in. (正)‎ 一、用适当的介词＋关系代词填空 ‎（1）The gentleman ________________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.‎ ‎（2）He's the model ________________ we should learn.‎ ‎（3）This is the pilot ________________ I bought a camera.‎ ‎（4）I'll never forget the day ________________ I joined the army.‎ ‎（5）He introduced me to the boys, one ___________ offered to go with me.‎ ‎（6）Maria has written two novels，both ____________ have been made into television series.‎ ‎（7）John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ________________ are family members.‎ ‎（8）Here are the questions some ________________ I thought are difficult for you.‎ ‎（9）The death of his wife was an experience_________ he never fully recovered.‎ ‎（10）She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________________ had taken more than three years.‎ 二、单句改错 ‎（1）I'll never forget the day in which I joined the League.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（2）They live in a house which door opens to the south.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（3）These are the wires on which different machines are connected.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（4）I can't remember the age at when he won the prize.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（5）Yesterday we visited the West Lake which Hangzhou is famous.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（6）Can you tell me the reason for why you were late for school?‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（7）I visited the village in that many children couldn't go to school because of poverty.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（8）The building，the roof of whose was damaged in the earthquake，has been repaired.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（9）The naughty boy made a hole in the wall in which he could see what is happening outside.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎（10）Where is the supermarket in where you bought the laptop last week.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎