2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分语法专题第九节并列句和状语从句(共56张PPT) 56页

第九节　并列句和状语从句 考点一　并列连词 1 ．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词： and, both ...and..., neither...nor... ， not only...but also... ， as well as ◆ ( 湖北卷 )Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy ， but also it enables others to feel delighted. 一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。 2 ．表转折的并列连词： but, yet ；表对比关系的并列连词： while ◆ ( 福建卷 )The failure was a big blow to him ， but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。 ◆ ( 重庆卷 )I was never very neat ， while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. 我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。 3 ．表选择关系的并列连词： or ， either...or... ， not...but... ◆ ( 安徽卷 )They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies. 他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。 4. 表因果关系的并列连词： so, for ( 表 “ 由于 ” ，一般不放在句首 ) ◆ ( 山东卷 )He found it increasingly difficult to read ， for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。 ◆ ( 北京卷 )Some animals carry seeds from one place to another ， so plants can spread to new places. 一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另一个地方，因此植物可以传播到新的地方。 5. when 可用于并列连词，意为 “ 这时，那时 ” ，相当于 and this/that time 。常用于下列句式： ① be about to do sth. when ... “ 正要做某事，这时突然 ……” ② be on the point of doing sth. when ... “ 正要做某事，这时突然 ……” ③ be doing sth. when ... “ 正在做某事，这时突然 ……” ④ had done sth. when ... “ 刚做完某事，这时突然 ……” ◆ ( 2017· 天津卷 )I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。 ◆ ( 福建卷 )She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2017· 北京卷 )—Peter, please send us postcards ___ we'll know where you have visited. — No problem. 2 ． ( 2018· 江苏淮安淮海中学段考 )It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination ____ in the journey itself. 3 ． ( 2018· 吉林百校联盟联考 )As a visitor or guest in ______ a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life! so but either 4.Although history can't be changed, but lessons can be learned to face the future. ________________ 考点二　状语从句 一、时间状语从句 1. when, while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 去掉 but 或 but → yet while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为 “ 一边 …… ，一边 …… ；随着 ……” ◆ ( 2016· 江苏卷 )While some people are motivated by a need for success ， others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧而驱动着。 ◆ ( 2016· 天津卷 ) As the average age of the population increases ， there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 2 ．表示 “ 一 …… 就 ……” 的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly ◆ ( 2016· 上海卷 )The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 (2) 在 hardly... when..., no sooner... than... 结构中，主句用过去完成时， than 或 when 所在的从句用一般过去时。 ◆ ( 全国卷 Ⅱ )I had hardly got to the office ， when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。 3 ． before, since 引导的时间状语从句 (1) before 表示 “ 在 …… 之前；还未 …… 就 …… ；还没有来得及 …… 就 ……” 。常用句式： It will be/was ＋一段时间＋ before... 过了 …… 时间才 …… ； It won't be/wasn't ＋一段时间＋ before... 没过多久就 …… 。 ◆ ( 天津卷 )We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 ◆ ( 重庆卷 )If you miss this chance ， it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 (2)since 意为 “ 自从 …… 以来 ” ，常用句式： It is/ has been ＋一段时间＋ since 从句 ( 常用过去时 ) 。 since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 ◆ ( 四川卷 )As is reported ， it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。 4 ． till/until 引导的时间状语从句 until/till 用于肯定句表示 “ 直到 …… 为止 ” ，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词； not...until/till... 表示 “ 直到 …… 才 ……” ， not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。 until 可用于句首，而 till 不能。 ◆ ( 2017· 北京卷 ) If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 ◆ She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 5. every time, each time, next time, the first time, by the time 等引导的时间状语从句 ◆ ( 北京卷 )By the time you have finished this book ， your meal will get cold. 等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 广东珠海珠海二中、斗门一中期中联考 )_______ she picked up the phone after dinner to continue the game, she started to feel that something was wrong with her right eye. 2 ． ( 2018· 福州市模拟 )At the same time, crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away _______ they can be seen no more. 3 ． ( 2018· 石家庄二模 )Though it is 20 years before we last met, I still remember the scene where we got separated on a snowy day. ___________ When until/till before → since 二、让步状语从句 1 ． although, though, as 和 while 引导的让步状语从句 ◆ ( 2016· 北京卷 )Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 ◆ ( 陕西卷 )Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。 2 ． even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though 引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为 “ 即使，即便 ” 。 ◆ ( 湖南卷 )Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 3 ． “ 疑问词＋ -ever ” 引导的让步状语从句 wherever, (what, who, whom, when, which, how) ＋ -ever 表示 “ 无论 ……” 引导让步状语从句时，相当于 no matter where(what, who, whom, when, which, how) 。 ◆ ( 安徽卷 )It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 ◆ ( 湖南卷 )However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 4 ． whether... or... 引导的让步状语从句 whether... or... 意为 “ 无论 …… 还是 ……” ，提供两种对比情况。 ◆ ( 重庆卷 )All people ， whether they are old or young ， rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 / 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 福建福州质检 )________________________ working hard does not necessarily guarantee one's success, it is almost impossible to succeed without it. 2 ． ( 2018· 江苏南通月考 ) ________ serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 3 ． ( 2017· 北京卷 )Although birds use their feathers for flight, but some of their feathers are for other purposes. _________________________________ While/Although/Though However 去掉 but 或 but → yet 三、其他状语从句 状语从句 连词 条件状语从句 if, unless( ＝ if...not) ， so/as long as( 只要 ), on condition that ， in case( 万一 ) ， suppose/supposing, provided/providing 原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, considering that ( 考虑到，鉴于 ) 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case ( 以防 ) 结果状语从句 so that, so... that..., such... that... 地点状语从句 where, wherever 方式状语从句 as( 正如，正像 ), as if/as though( 好像 ) 比较状语从句 than, as... as..., not as/so... as... ◆ ( 2018· 江苏卷 )Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。 ◆ ( 2017· 江苏卷 ) Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 江苏位于 “ 带 ” 和 “ 路 ” 交汇处，将会对 “ 一带一路 ” 的建设作出更大的贡献。 ◆ ( 浙江卷 )Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。 ◆ ( 山东卷 )He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。 [ 对点演练 ] —— 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 北京卷 )___ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 2 ． ( 2016· 北京卷 )I really enjoy listening to music _________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. 3 ． ( 2018· 天津模拟 )—Don't look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. — Oh, yes ， ______ others are weak, he is strong. If because/as where Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 ． ( 2018· 哈尔滨三中模拟 )For much of that time, she wanted to fly ， ________never had the chance until now. 【 解析 】 考查并列连词。她想飞，但一直没有得到机会，前后为转折关系，故填 but 。 【 答案 】 but 2 ． ( 2018· 江苏淮安淮海中学段考 )The visitor asked to have his picture taken________stood the famous tower. 【 解析 】 句意：那位游客要求在那座著名的塔那儿拍照。 stood the famous tower 使用了倒装结构，主语是 the famous tower ，谓语是 stood ，设空处在句中作地点状语，表示 “ 在 …… 地方 ” 。 【 答案 】 where 3 ． ( 2018· 黑龙江大庆四校阶段联考 )It wasn't long________I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids. 【 解析 】 考查时间状语从句。 It wasn't long before... 意为 “ 不久以后就 ……” 。 【 答案 】 before 4 ． ( 2018· 湖南益阳、湘潭调研 )However, it is reported that eating bad food for a long term not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, and that it can also affect our mental state________result in depression. 【 解析 】 考查并列连词。 “ 影响精神状况 ” 与 “ 导致抑郁 ” 是顺承关系，故用并列连词 and 。 【 答案 】 and 5 ． ( 2018· 浙江宁波十校联考 )White  collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age________blue  collar workers prefer to retire early. 【 解析 】 句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。并列连词 while 在此表示对比。 【 答案 】 while 6 ． ( 2018· 河北衡水中学一调 )Whether I was in the car, the house, ________anywhere else there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy Holly played in the background. 【 解析 】 句意：无论我是在车里、在房间里，还是在其他任何地方，肯定会有甲壳虫乐队或者巴迪 · 霍利的背景音乐在播放。 the car, the house 与 anywhere else 之间为选择关系，设空处表示 “ 或者 ” ，故填 or 。 【 答案 】 or 7 ． ( 2018· 北京东城区模拟 )I am not afraid of tomorrow ， ________I have seen yesterday and I love today. 【 解析 】 句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为因果关系，故填起解释作用的并列连词 for 。 【 答案 】 for 8 ． ( 2018· 安徽蚌埠一模 )People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you________you are a foreigner or just a local. 【 解析 】 句意：大理的人对你友好而真诚，无论你是外国人还是当地居民。 whether...or... 表示 “ 无论是 …… 还是 ……” ，引导让步状语从句。 【 答案 】 whether 9 ． ( 2018· 江苏泰州中学月考 )Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at the Airport________the whole roof fell down. 【 解析 】 句意：一些乘客正步行穿过机场的其中一个大厅时，大厅的整个顶部突然全掉了下来。 be doing...when... 为固定句型，意为 “ 正在 …… 这时突然 ……” 。 【 答案 】 when 10 ． ( 2018· 重庆西北狼教育联盟联考 )It was an extremely dark, lonely country road. Neither a single person________any traffic was in sight at all. 【 解析 】 考查固定搭配。后意：既看不到一个人，也根本看不到一辆车。 neither...nor... 为固定搭配，意为 “ 既不 …… 也不 ……” 。 【 答案 】 nor 11 ． (2018· 湖南六校联盟联考 )Most importantly ， though ， remember the following old rule ： try to eat different food ， ________not too much. 【 解析 】 考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。 【 答案 】 but/yet 12 ． ( 2018· 江苏南京模拟 ) These young people are not suitable for such a simple job in an office ， ________they are adventurous and creative in nature. 【 解析 】 句意：这些年轻人不适合办公室里这么简单的工作，因为他们天生具有冒险精神并富有创造力。此处表示直接原因，故填 because 。 【 答案 】 because 13.( 2018· 广西钦州第一次质检 )The house was greatly damaged by the truck and we'd better leave it________it is until the police arrive. 【 解析 】 as 引导方式状语从句，意为 “ 像 … … 一样 ” ，句中 leave it as it is 意为 “ 保持原样 ” 。句意：卡车严重破坏了这座房子，我们最好让它保持原样直到警察到来。 【 答案 】 as 14 ． ( 2018· 山东德州期中 )________our dreams are, we must try hard to achieve them. 【 解析 】 句意：无论我们的梦想是什么，我们必须努力去实现它们。根据句意可知，空格处用 Whatever 引导让步状语从句，且在从句中作表语，相当于 no matter what( 无论什么 ) 。 【 答案 】 Whatever 15 ． ( 2018· 广东湛江调研 )Make sure you have got a passport and a visa. Also ， ________you go, fill in the emergency information page of your passport! 【 解析 】 此处表示在你去之前，填写你护照上的紧急情况信息页。因此用 before 引导时间状语从句。 【 答案 】 before 16 ． ( 2018· 湖南长沙长郡中学期末 )Though still practiced today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular________it used to be. 【 解析 】 由句子结构可知，空格处为 “ as ＋形容词＋ as... ” 结构，此处应用连词 as 引导比较状语从句。 【 答案 】 as 17 ． ( 2018· 广东湛江调研 )Always be grateful to other people's kindness and show your gratitude through the words that you speak. You will make further progress________you express your gratitude in time. 【 解析 】 句意：如果 / 一旦 / 当你能及时表达你的感激之情 ( 时 ) ，你会取得更大进步。根据语境可知，设空处引导条件 / 时间状语从句，故填 if/once/when 。 【 答案 】 if/once/when 18 ． ( 2018· 郑州第一次质量预测 )I was________touched that I couldn't sleep the whole night ， and thought about being a teacher in the future. 【 解析 】 考查副词。根据固定句型 so...that... “ 如此 …… 以至于 ” 可知，应用副词 so 。 【 答案 】 so 19 ． ( 2018· 安徽淮南一模 )________the oil price has crashed, we need to be aware of that something similar could happen to our housing market. 【 解析 】 句意：既然油价已经崩溃了，我们必须清醒地认识到，房地产市场也会发生相似的情况。根据两个句子间的逻辑关系，可知从句表示原因，是双方都知道的事实，因此用 Since( 既然 ) 最合适。 【 答案 】 Since 20 ． ( 2018· 山东滨州期中 )—How long do you think it is________he arrived here? — No more than half a year ， I believe. 【 解析 】 It is ＋时间段＋ since sb. did sth. 为固定句型，意为 “ 自从某人做某事到现在有多久了 ” 。 【 答案 】 since Ⅱ . 单句改错 1 ． ( 2018· 云南 11 校区调研 )All the way we appreciated the beautiful scenery and fresh air ， so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing. __________ 【 解析 】 考查连词。一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示转折关系，故用 but 。 【 答案 】 so → but 2 ． ( 2018· 江西省新余市模拟 )All my friends were so excited to start their own lives, and I just wasn't sure whether I was ready for that yet. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：我的所有朋友都为开始新的生活而激动，但是我却不知是否已做好了准备。应为转折关系。 【 答案 】 and → but 3 ． ( 2018· 牡丹江市模拟 )I hope my first model experience will be both enjoyable or unforgettable. __________ 【 解析 】 此处应是 both ...and ... 构成的并列关系。 【 答案 】 or → and 4 ． ( 2018· 合肥第一次质量检测 )Although it was very difficult at first, but with the help of my teacher, I made rapid progress. Just as the old saying goes, “ Where there is a will, there is a way. ” __________ 【 解析 】 考查连词。 although 意为 “ 尽管 ” ，不与 but 连用，但是可以与 yet 或 still 连用。 【 答案 】 删除 but 或 but → yet/still 5 ． ( 2018· 黑龙江大庆实验中学检测 ) I'll have my computer fixed immediately because of I need it badly for my work. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：我要赶紧把电脑拿去维修，因为我的工作非常需要它。 because 引导原因状语从句，而 because of 是介词短语，后接名词或代词。 【 答案 】 去掉 of 6 ． ( 2018· 河北正定中学模拟 ) But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：但我刚离开，公共汽车就来了。 “ no sooner... than... ” 为固定句型，意为 “ 一 …… 就 ……” 。 【 答案 】 when → than 7 ． ( 2018· 福建六校期中联考 )The noises from the street puzzled me too much that I would rather stay indoors. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：街上的噪音太困扰我了，以至于我宁愿待在室内。 “ so... that... ” 是固定结构，意为 “ 如此 …… 以至于 ……” 。 【 答案 】 too → so 8 ． ( 2018· 湖南益阳调研 )One day, I was skiing down a mountain while I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen. __________ 【 解析 】 be doing sth. when... 为固定搭配， 意为 “ 正在做某事， 突然 ……” 。故将 while 改为 when 。 【 答案 】 while → when 9 ． ( 2018· 湖北黄石大冶一中高三月考 )I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. __________ 【 解析 】 此处 the moment 是名词短语引导时间状语从句， at 多余。 【 答案 】 去掉 at 10 ． ( 2018· 安徽滁州联合质检 )Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule. __________ 【 解析 】 句意：如果你对时间表有任何问题，请写信给我。根据句意和句子逻辑可知，此处表示 “ 如果 ” ，故用 if 。 【 答案 】 unless → if