专题05+主旨大意之概括段落大意和推测写作目的-2019年高考英语二轮复习提分秘籍 6页

A ‎ Dear Alcohol，‎ You've been around forever. I can remember all the pain you've caused me.‎ Do you remember the night when you almost took my father's life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He's addicted to you，to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars. He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night.‎ Do you remember the night of my first high school party？My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you. “I'm so embarrassed，”they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up.“I'm sorry，”they said when I called taxis for them，walking them out and paying the driver in advance.“This won't happen again，” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15yearold girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you.‎ Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17yearold neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson？Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car head on and killed two people in the other car？He died the next morning，too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson，and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was among them at all. She never saw him again. And it was all your fault.‎ I wish you'd walk out of my life forever. I don't want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you've caused. Sure，you've made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is not excusable. Stop attracting the people I love！Stop hurting me, please!‎ Sincerely，‎ Me ‎【语篇解读】本文是一封写给酒的信，控诉了酒的坏处。‎ ‎1．What did Alcohol do to the author's father that night?‎ A．It made him drunk and took his life away.‎ B．It made him kill two other people when he was driving.‎ C．It got him into a car accident and badly injured.‎ D．It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped.‎ ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎2．What does the underlined phrase “were intrigued by” probably mean in the letter?‎ A．were interested in B．were satisfied with C．were familiar with D．were disappointed by ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第三段第三句“They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could.”可推知，作者的同学们迷恋酒而不能自拔，由此可推知画线词汇的意思是“感兴趣，迷恋”，故选A。‎ ‎3．What is the author's purpose of writing this letter?‎ A．To warn people not to drive after drinking.‎ B．To persuade people to get away from alcohol.‎ C．To tell people three sad stories about alcohol.‎ D．To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol.‎ ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】 考查目的意图。根据文章第一段和最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一段的“Stop attracting the people I love！Stop hurting me，please！”可推知，作者通过讲述三个关于酒的悲剧故事就是要劝说人们远离酒，珍爱生命，故选B。 ‎ ‎4．How was the author feeling while writing this letter?‎ A．Shocked.　　　　　　 B．Responsible.‎ C．Disappointed. D．Sorrowful.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ B Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we can't hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when we're at our best，and when we're at our worst. By we，I mean all of us. Men included.‎ But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed(流泪)more than a single tear，and even then it's reserved for grand victories，defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things—deaths，breakups and homesickness，primarily，but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.‎ I want to admit I'm a bit of a crier. However，having never really experienced deaths in my life，a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really，truly，pour my heart out in tears.‎ See，my dog—and 24/7 companion—was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour，but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours，I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched(蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.‎ It is suggested in the book Adult Crying：A Biopsychosocial Approach that there's certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.‎ In those days after my dog's death，I remember thinking，“I've got to stop this crying”．It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. I've since realized that tears are for everybody；they're not gender specific. They show we have sympathy，allow us to get rid of stress and just feel easy.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方式。‎ ‎5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．Crying is a raw human emotion.‎ B．Crying is an emotion beyond control.‎ C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness.‎ D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness.‎ ‎【答案】A　‎ ‎【解析】 考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。 ‎ ‎6．What's the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?‎ A．They cry over different matters.‎ B．They cry at different times of life.‎ C．Women cry more often over deaths.‎ D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎7．What did the author think of his crying over his dog's death?‎ A．A sign of strength.‎ B．A sign of weakness.‎ C．Behavior of being womanish.‎ D．A way of reducing emotional stress.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【答案】考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy，allow us to get rid of stress and just feel easy”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．Men，never cry like women B．Men，it's OK to cry sometimes C．Crying solves psychological problems D．Crying explains differences between men and women ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy，allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。‎ C Working well in a team requires full cooperation. It's an important skill for almost every employee to have. Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done, and others depend on you to get their work done.‎ Communicate well. Lack of communication is one of the biggest reasons of a team's failure. Seek input from team members so they feel like a valuable part of the team. Communication establishes trust among team members. In addition，communicating well can help prevent and resolve conflict. Meet regularly to keep members involved and aware of your work progress. Post decisions where everyone on the team can see them.‎ Be flexible. In teamwork，priorities and responsibility can change instantly. Stay ready to shift focus. Training team members to be able to do parts of other team members' jobs can be a valuable part of teamwork；being flexible helps to build appreciation for all the parts of the team.‎ Meet deadlines. Work hard to ensure you meet established deadlines when you work in a team environment. Others are depending on your work. Negotiate timelines with your teammates at the start of a project. Doing so allows you to have a say in how work gets accomplished.‎ Establish accountability．All team members must be responsible for the success and failure of the project. Although not every team needs a leader，teams require a formal way to ensure everyone does his part. Try using meetings to report on progress.‎ Celebrate accomplishments and encourage the team. Senior executives may not always recognize the importance of some team members' work. Share congratulations at team meetings and talk about whose work is invaluable in helping you get your work done.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了提高团队工作效率的方法和策略。‎ ‎9．What can you conclude from the first paragraph?‎ A．Working in a team means your work is separate.‎ B．Working in a team means your work is effective.‎ C．Being a member of a team means your work is independent.‎ D．Being a member of a team means your work is interdependent.‎ ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】考查段落大意。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done，and others depend on you to get their work done.”可知，成为团队一员意味着分工合作、相互依赖，故选D。　A项错在团队工作中个体的工作与其他人的工作是分离的，‎ 这与文章第一段中的“Working well in a team requires full cooperation.”相悖；B项错在文章并没有提到团队工作意味着个体工作有效率；C项错在作为团队成员就意味着个体工作的独立性，这与第一段的最后一句“Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done，and others depend on you to get their work done.”相悖，故排除。‎ ‎10．Which of the following deeds does not contribute to effective teamwork?‎ A．Keeping silent in a team discussion.‎ B．Being able to do parts of others' job.‎ C． Acknowledging others' work publicly.‎ D．Holding meetings to report on progress.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查细节理解。通读全文可知，文章中并没有提到在团队讨论中保持沉默有利于团队工作，故选A。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined word “accountability” refer to in the fifth paragraph?‎ A．Success. B．Responsibility.‎ C．Insurance. D．Community.‎ ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎12．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．How to Succeed in Communicating with Others B．How to Work Effectively in a Team Environment C．Ways to Work Well in Completing Projects D．Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Employees ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】考查标题判断。根据本文的关键词“teamwork”并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是提高团队工作效率的方法和策略，故选B项。 ‎