【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空专题训练10篇之六（含有解析）学案（17页word版） 18页

2018 届二轮复习 短文语法填空专题训练 10 篇之六 【1】 I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate __1__ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate ？ ” So I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn’t usually do things like this for __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud. Then he opened one of his bags and gave me __6__ handful of freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I __8__ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, __9__ I didn’t even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it’s __10__ (general) true that if you give, you will receive. 语篇解读：本文讲述了作者的一次生活经历，启迪读者：给予和索取是相互的。 1．when hardly ...when ...意为“一……就……”，为固定用法， 故用连词 when 引导时间状语从句。 2．to say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，故填介词 to。 3．surprised 此处是过去分词作形容词，在句子中作表语，修饰 人。 4．strangers 根据语境可知，此处表示“陌生人”，应用名词形式 stranger，又因 stranger 是可数名词，故用复数形式。 5．unusual 根据“at least that was what I understood”可推知，老 人说的方言很不同寻常。 6．a 固定搭配 a handful of 意为“一把……”，故填不定冠词 a。 7．explaining explain 和主句谓语动词之间没有连词，故空处应 用非谓语动词，且和句子主语 he 之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用 现在分词形式 explaining。 8 ． had not done 根 据 “I would never have tasted those lovely cherries”可知，空处表示对过去情况的假设，故用过去完成时；此处 表示“如果我没有那样做，我将永远不会品尝到这些好吃的樱桃”，应 用否定形式。 9．which 分析句子结构可知，此处应用 which 引导非限制性定 语从句，在从句中作 had 的宾语。定语从句的先行词为 cherries。 10．generally 修饰形容词应用副词，故填 generally。 【2】 Nowadays, more and more people have chances to travel, study， work or even live abroad.It is necessary for you to keep in mind these general __1__ (rule) for polite behavior. If you __2__ (invite) to an American friend’s home for dinner, first of all, arrive approximately on time (but not early)．Americans expect promptness (准时)． When you’re invited to someone’s home for a meal, __3__ is polite to bring a small gift.Flowers or candies are always appropriate.If you have an attractive item __4__ (make) in your native country, your host or hostess would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift. Wearing proper clothes and a beautiful smile is simply not enough.Table manners are also of great __5__ (important)．Do not open your mouth to talk, __6__ you have swallowed your food.Also，chew food with your mouth __7__ (close)．When you want to get the food that is at a distance, do not stretch your hands to reach __8__ it.Instead, ask for the food to be passed to you. Don’t leave __9__ (immediate) after dinner, but don’t overstay your welcome, either.When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation, take their behavior as a signal to leave.The next day, call or write __10__ thankyou note to say how much you enjoyed the evening. 语篇解读：如今，人们有越来越多的机会出国旅游、学习甚至定居。 本文以在美国被邀请去别人家做客时应该注意的一些 餐桌 礼仪 为例，向我们介绍了在异国他乡和外国人接触时应注意的一些规则。 1．rules rule 为可数名词，前有 these 修饰，所以用复数形式。 故填 rules。 2．are invited 本文介绍的是客观情况，且根据主句为一般现在 时可知，从句也应用一般现在时；you 与 invite 之间为被动关系，即“你 被邀请”，应用被动语态。故填 are invited。 3．it 设空处在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 to bring a small gift。故填 it。 4．made If 引导的是一个状语从句，且从句中已有谓语动词 have， 因此，make 应用非谓语动词形式；item 和 make 之间是被动关系，所 以用过去分词作定语。故填 made。 5．importance 设空前有介词 of 和形容词 great 修饰，应用名词 形式；be of importance 意为“重要的”，相当于 be important。 6．unless 句意：除非你已咽下食物，否则不要张嘴说话。根据 句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”，故填 unless。 7．closed 句意：此外，咀嚼食物时，嘴要闭着。此处为 with 的复合结构，根据句意，设空处表示“闭着的”这种状态，所以用过去 分词转化的形容词作宾语补足语。故填 closed。 8．for reach for 为固定搭配，意为“伸手去够”。故填 for。 9．immediately 设空处修饰动词 leave，作状语，应用副词形式。 故填 immediately。 10．a 设空处表泛指，指“一张便条”，应用不定冠词。故填 a。 【3】 No one loves me more than my parents, especially my father.My father is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.At first sight you may feel him hard __1__ (approach)．In fact, he is very kind and considerate.I believe my father is a __2__ (talent) man.He is decisive and efficient in doing things.By his own talents and years of efforts, he __3__ (provide) the family with a good social position and a __4__ (relative) rich life.Besides, he lives in harmony __5__ others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life come to my house, from __6__ I’ve gained lots of social experience.But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high __7__ (expectation) of me.I can see that my idling away time __8__ (hurt) him deeply, while if I have done something great and meaningful, such as __9__ (write) a book, he will be more excited than me.I always remind myself I must go on and on, and never __10__ I give up halfway. 语篇解读：作者的父亲善良、体贴并有才能，通过自己的努力，他帮 助家人过上了相对富裕的生活，但对作者却非常严格。 1．to approach 形容词后常用动词不定式作状语，且此处动词 与 him 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的主动形式表被动，故 填 to approach。 2．talented 设空处作定语，修饰名词 man，应用形容词，故填 talented。 3．has provided 此处强调 provide 的动作已完成，且结果仍对 现在有影响，应用现在完成时。故填 has provided。 4．relatively 设空处修饰形容词 rich，应用副词。故填 relatively。 5．with in harmony with ...为固定短语，意为“与……协调/和睦”， 故填 with。 6．whom 分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从 句，先行词为 people，指人，设空处在介词 from 后作宾语，故填 whom。 7．expectations 句意：但是在家里他是个严父，对我很严厉， 并对我有很高的期望。根据句意，expectation 在此意为“期望；指望”， 常用复数形式。故填 expectations。 8．hurts 本文为客观介绍“我”的父亲，“我的虚度光阴伤害了父 亲”是一般事实，因此应用一般现在时。故填 hurts。 9．writing such as 用于举例，其后如果接动词，应用动名词形 式。故填 writing。 10．will/shall never 为表示否定意义的副词，置于句首，句子 常用部分倒装，即助动词、be 动词或情态动词提至主语之前；根据 句意，give up 的动作并未发生，表将来，故填 will/shall。 【4】 Imagine a road crossing without the threeway traffic signal.Cars, trucks, school buses, bicyclists and students walking to school would try to rush through the crossing __1__ the same time.Their safety would be in danger. Thanks to an AfricanAmerican __2__ (invent) named Garrett Augustus Morgan, we have threeposition traffic signals that help make crossings much safer.Mr.Morgan was born in Kentucky in 1877.He only __3__ (receive) six years’ education.As a teen he left his family’s farm in search of better opportunities.__4__ (live) in Cincinnati, Ohio, he continued his studies in English grammar.Then he moved on to Cleveland __5__ he worked as a repairman for a clothing factory.He had a keen interest in solving problems __6__ (meet) in everyday life.Later he patented (获得……的专利权) several inventions.The threeway traffic signal was just one of his famous inventions.One day he felt very sad when he saw a traffic accident.__7__ (help) reduce traffic accidents and save people’s lives, he __8__ (immediate) began to work on the invention.Finally, it was __9__ great success which saved lives then, and __10__ (be) still saving lives today. 语篇解读：本文介绍了发明三岔路交通信号灯的非裔美国人，并介绍 了这一发明对人类的重要性。 1．at at the same time 意为“同时”，为固定短语。故填 at。 2．inventor 设空前有冠词 an 及 AfricanAmerican 修饰，因此设 空处应用名词形式；根据 named Garrett Augustus Morgan 可知，此处 指人。故填 inventor。 3．received 句意：他仅仅接受了六年的教育。根据句意，此处 讲述过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。故填 received。 4．Living live 与主语 he 之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词 作伴随状语。故填 Living。 5．where 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 Cleveland，且在从句中充当地点状语，故应用 where 引导该从句。 6．met 分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语 had，设空处应用非 谓语动词；meet 与 problems 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置 定语。故填 met。 7．To help 句意：为了帮助减少交通事故，拯救人们的生命， 他立刻开始致力于这项发明。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状 语，应用动词不定式。故填 To help。 8．immediately 句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰谓语动词 began， 应用副词形式。故填 immediately。 9．a success 在此为抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事”，其 前应用不定冠词 a。 10．is 根据时间状语 today 可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语 为 it，故填 is。 【5】 Visiting Xi’an was once my dream.It became a reality when I was admitted to a training course in China along with two other __1__ (lady)．Finally, the day arrived __2__ I landed at Xianyang International Airport in early August.As soon as I landed, I __3__ (feel) a change in the atmosphere.I saw people standing in queues __4__ (wait) for their turn at the immigration desk.Afterwards, we were transported to the office in the International Exhibition Center.China had invited participants __5__ twentythree developing countries to share digital television broadcasting techniques with them. In my 20 days in Xi’an, I got the opportunity to observe Chinese culture closely, __6__ thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.Now, Xi’an is like my second home.Since I came back to Pakistan, I have been missing Xi’an __7__ (bad)． My 20day stay in Xi’an was __8__ great experience.It was a learning opportunity, and also a chance to __9__ (broad) my understanding of diversity.I learned that despite differences of colors, heights, races and religions, all human beings __10__ (tie) by the bond of humanity, and that the future of nations is global with development and peace. 语篇解读：作者通过去西安参加一个培训课程的经历，增加了对中国 文化的了解，感叹文化是不分国界和种族的。 1．ladies 数词 two 后接可数名词的复数形式，故填 ladies。 2．when 句意：八月初，当我降落到咸阳国际机场时，那一天 终于到来了。设空处引导时间状语从句，故填 when。 3．felt 根据从句时态提示词 landed 可知，主句也应用一般过去 时。故填 felt。 4．waiting 此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，wait 与 people 之间为主动关系，要用现在分词作宾补。故填 waiting。 5．from 设空处表示“来自……”，故填介词 from。 6．and 分析句子结构可知，句中不缺少成分，由此可知，是两 个并列分句，且是递进关系，故填 and。 7．badly 修饰 missing 用副词，故填 badly。 8．a experience 作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，因此此处用不定 冠词表示泛指。故填 a。 9．broaden 不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，故填 broaden，意为“增 长；扩大”。 10．are tied 主语 human beings 与谓语动词 tie 之间为被动关系， 且主语是复数，故填 are tied。 【6】 Almost everyone in the world has friends.Friends are found anywhere, at anytime.Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can have many __1__ (distinct) in some ways.Regardless of their similarities or differences, __2__ makes a great difference to have friends. Having friends who are similar to us can be __3__ (benefit), because we can enjoy things together, such as going to clubs __4__ to the movies.In addition, we can share our opinions with our friends. __5__，having friends who are different from us would also have some advantages.They are able to introduce us to new and different things; therefore, we’re provided with __6__ (expect) experiences in life.Furthermore, they could provide us __7__ a different view on a certain matter. As for me, I prefer to choose friends similar to __8__ (I)．I feel that friendship between us will be smoother and __9__ (enjoy)．However, I never refuse a friendship __10__ (offer) by a friend who is different from me. 语篇解读：本文主要讨论了结交一些与自己兴趣爱好相同的朋友以及 与自己性格爱好不同的朋友的优点。 1．distinctions 设空处前有 many 修饰，应用可数名词复数形式， 故填 distinctions。 2．it 本句缺少主语，Regardless of ...在句中作状语，to have friends 为真正的主语，故用 it 作形式主语。 3．beneficial 句意：结交与自己(兴趣爱好)相似的朋友是有好处 的，因为我们可以一起分享很多东西，如去俱乐部或去看电影。设空 处作表语，应用形容词。故填 beneficial，意为“有益的；有利的”。 4．or/and 句意见上一题解析。根据句意，going to clubs 与(going) to the movies 之间可为选择关系也可为并列关系，故用连词 or 或 and 连接。 5．However 本段表述结交与自己兴趣爱好不同的朋友的好处， 与第二段内容形成对比关系，且本空位于句首，应填副词 However。 6．unexpected 句意：他们能够为我们引荐新的或不同的东西； 因此，他们能带给我们一些意想不到的人生经历。设空处修饰名词 experiences，应用形容词；根据句意可知，设空处表示“意想不到的”， 故填 unexpected。 7．with provide sb.with sth.为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”。 故填 with。 8．myself/me 设空处作 to 的宾语，此处可理解为宾语与主语同 指一人，因此，用反身代词；也可理解为作 to 的宾语，用人称代词 的宾格形式。故填 myself 或 me。 9．more enjoyable 设空处与 smoother 为并列关系，因此，也应 用形容词比较级。故填 more enjoyable。 10．offered 句中已有谓语 refuse，设空处应用非谓语动词；offer 与 friendship 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定 语。故填 offered，相当于 which is offered by ...。 【7】 Several countries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their own way.But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns all over the world have helped to make China’s New Year the most famous.These days growing __1__ (number) of people who are not of Chinese origin are joining in.In Tokyo window cleaners dress up __2__ the animals of the Chinese Shengxiao.America, Canada and New Zealand have published memorial stamps for the Year of the Rooster.Last year New York City made the Lunar New Year __3__ school holiday for the first time. The spread of the Spring Festival is partly due __4__ recent immigration from China: 9.5 million Chinese people __5__ (move) abroad since 1978, many of __6__ are far richer than earlier waves of immigrants. Aware of China’s growing economic and political influence, foreign leaders have noticed the occasion.Britain’s prime minister, Theresa May, has given a video address, a tradition __7__ (start) in 2014 by her predecessor (前任)．This year’s World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual __8__ (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year. China hopes the festival will promote __9__ (it) cultural “soft power” abroad.So it may give Chinese people __10__ (satisfy) to see foreigners enjoy such festivities. 语篇解读：文章向我们介绍了一个现象——国际社会对中国农历春节越来越重视和关注。 1．numbers growing numbers of 为固定短语，意为“越来越多的”， 修饰可数名词复数。 2．as dress up as ...为固定搭配，意为“装扮成，扮作……”。 3．a holiday 作“假期”讲，是可数名词，因此，其前用不定冠词 a。 4．to be due to 为固定搭配，意为“由于……”。故填 to。 5．have moved 根据时间状语 since 1978 可知，此处用现在完成 时。故填 have moved。 6．whom 此处为定语从句，先行词为 9.5 million Chinese people， 指人，在从句中作 of 的宾语，因此用 whom 引导该从句。 7．started 根据空后 by her predecessor (前任)可知，tradition 和 start 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 started。 8．to avoid 句意：今年的达沃斯世界经济论坛比往年提前了一 周举办，以避免和中国农历新年冲突。根据句意可知，________ (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year 在句中作目的状语，因此，应用动词 不定式。故填 to avoid。 9．its 设空处指代主语 China，与形容词 cultural 共同修饰“soft power”，因此应用形容词性物主代词。故填 its。 10．satisfaction give sb.sth.为固定搭配，意为“给某人某物”。设 空处应用名词，故填 satisfaction。 【8】 Today I spent time __1__ (talk) to an old friend about some of the choices that we have made in our lives.We both agree that life has __2__ (basic) been good to us.And we are very __3__ (thank) for what we have been blessed with. Today I would like you to think about your journey and where you see yourself in the next five years.Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be? If you are like me, you are working daily on those goals.I work on my __4__ (aim) because I am excited about that opportunity. However, I do realize that sometimes life can get __5__ the way of our goals.I remember when my friend __6__ (decide) to buy her first house, she had everything __7__ (line) up.But at this time her father died, so she had to move back home __8__ (help) take care of her mother.Her goal was delayed, but she didn’t give it up completely.And that’s exactly __9__ key to this all.In order to achieve your goals, you have to keep working on __10__. 语篇解读：你为自己的未来设定目标了吗？如今你是否完成了以前的 目标？有时生活的琐事会阻碍我们实现目标，但只要不放弃，为目标 而坚持，总会有实现目标的一天。 1．talking spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间 做某事”，故填 talking。 2．basically 空格处修饰谓语动词 has been，所以要用副词，故 填 basically，意为“基本上”。 3．thankful be 动词后应用形容词作表语，be thankful for ...意为 “对……感激”，为固定短语。 4．aims 形容词性物主代词后应用名词作宾语，aim 是可数名词， 根据前面的 goals 可知，空格处要用复数形式，故填 aims。 5．in get in the way of 意为“挡路；阻碍”，故填 in。 6．decided 本句是陈述过去的一件事情，所以要用一般过去时， 故填 decided。 7．lined line up 意为“安排，组织”，had 在此为使役动词，且 everything 和 line up 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填 lined。 8．to help 空格处作目的状语，故填动词不定式 to help。 9．the the key to ...意为“……的关键”，为固定短语，故填 the。 10．them 句意：为了实现目标，你就不得不一直为之努力。根 据句意可知，此处是指前面的复数名词 goals，故填代词 them。 【9】 My doorbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy.In her other hand __1__ (be) a paper bag.She is the little boy’s grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought __2__ house next door last October.Nicole has __3__ (obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided __4__ (supply) me with meals. I know what is inside the paper bag — a bottle of hot soup and a __5__ (contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat.It’s become a daily occurrence. Communication __6__ us is somewhat difficult because she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food.She pointed to the screen, __7__ showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know __8__ the food was all right for me. So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of __9__ (we) being able to speak the other’s language but communicating one way or another (with some help from technology)．The doorbell keeps __10__ (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me. 语篇解读：本文描述了两位异国的老太太，虽然语言不通，但是在现 代技术的帮助下互相交流，彼此关心，让人再次想起“远亲不如近邻” 这句古语。 1．is 表示方位的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是 be, stand, sit, lie 等时，用完全倒装形式。本句真正的主语 a paper bag 是第三人称 单数，全文的基本时态是一般现在时，故填 is。 2．the 根据后面的 next door 可知，此处应特指隔壁的那所房子， 故填定冠词 the。 3．obviously 设空处作插入成分描述整个句子的状态，要用副 词，故填 obviously。 4．to supply decide 后跟动词不定式作宾语，意为“决定做某事”。 故填 to supply。 5．container 句意：我知道纸袋里面是什么——一瓶热汤和一 个装有米饭、蔬菜和肉的容器。冠词后面应是名词，根据句意可知， 设空处指“盛饭菜的容器”，故填 container。 6．between 根据设空后的内容可知，此处指作者和老太太之间 的交流，两者之间应用介词 between。 7．which 分析句子结构可知，此处应是非限制性定语从句的引 导词，先行词是表示物的 the screen，而且在从句中作主语，故填关 系代词 which。 8．if/whether 分析句子结构可知，此处应是宾语从句的引导词， 根据上下文逻辑可知，该空应是“是否”之意，故填 if 或 whether。 9．us 介词 of 后面要用代词的宾格作宾语，故填 us。 10．ringing keep 后面用动名词作宾语，意为“一直做某事”。故 填 ringing。 【10】 Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I __1__ (live) in the heart of a city.The rent for my apartment was really cheap __2__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me __3__ I could sleep.“Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars __4__ (play) loud music day and night and my apartment was above a(n) __5__ (real) loud and noisy one.But I found it all fascinating.If I were ever short of cash and couldn’t afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __6__ look around.You see, there __7__ (be) always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone __8__ (interest) to talk with.And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for __9__ (do) a few odd jobs for him.At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor.Sometimes, we don’t realize how __10__ (fortune) we are, do we? 语篇解读：作者在最贫困时曾经居住在闹市。那时虽然在物质上很穷， 但作者依然觉得自己很幸运。 1．lived 根据时间状语 Years ago 可知，应用一般过去时，故填 lived。 2．because 句意：我公寓的租金很便宜，因为这套公寓位于城 镇中最繁忙的一个街区的中间。根据句意可知，空格处引导原因状语 从句，故填 because。 3．how 句意：来看望我的人们通常会问我怎么睡得着。空格 处引导宾语从句，作 ask 的宾语，根据句意可知从句中缺少方式状语， 故填 how。 4．playing 句中已有谓语动词 were，故空格处应用非谓语动词， 且 play 与 shops and bars 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词 作后置定语。 5．really 空格处修饰形容词 loud 和 noisy，应用副词形式，故 填 really。 6．a take a look 意为“看一看”，为固定搭配，故填 a。 7．were there be 句型中，be 动词的数与其后的名词的数要保持 一致，本句中应与 tourists 一致，故 be 动词应用复数形式；全文的主 体时态为一般过去时，故填 were。 8．interesting someone interesting 意为“有趣的人”。空格处为形 容词作后置定语修饰 someone。 9．doing in exchange for ...意为“作为对……的交换”，for 为介 词，后应接动名词作宾语。故填 doing。 10．fortunate 句意：有时，我们没有意识到自己是多么幸运， 不是吗？how ________ we are 为感叹句，在句中是宾语从句，how 后应用形容词。故填 fortunate。