2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module1DeepSouth同步练习外研版选修8 21页

Module 1 Deep South 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√‎ annual adj.　　　　　　　 rainfall n.‎ inhospitable adj. mass n.‎ commercial adj. nuclear adj.‎ voyage n. glare n.‎ intense adj. severe adj.‎ sunburnt adj. numb adj.‎ clothing n. portable adj.‎ pure adj. abnormal adj.‎ tiresome adj. isolated adj.‎ modest adj. emergency n.‎ conventional adj. fragile adj.‎ delicate adj. privilege n.‎ reliability n. obscure adj.‎ inhabit v.‎ Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．state n. 状态；状况 ‎2．trap v. 使陷入困境；储存，留存 ‎3．balance v. 使平衡 ‎4．promote v. 促进，增进 ‎5．via prep. 经由，取道 ‎6．crew n. (全体)船员 ‎7．sunrise n. 日出 ‎8．sunset n. 日落 ‎9．insight n. 洞察力，眼光 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．explore v．探险；勘探→explorer n．探险者→exploration n．探险；勘探；(对某地区的)勘查 ‎2．deep adj.& adv.深的；深深地→depth n．深度→__deeply adv.‎ 21‎ 强烈地；深刻地→deepen v．加深；深化 ‎3．extreme adj.极端的，极度的→extremely adv.极端地；极其，非常 ‎4．promote v．促进，增进；晋升，提升→promotion n．晋级；增进 ‎5．absent adj.缺席的；缺少的→absence n．缺乏；没有 ‎6．depress v．使沮丧；使萧条→depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depressed adj.沮丧的；抑郁的→depression n．沮丧；不景气，萧条期 ‎7．discourage v．使泄气；劝阻，阻止；打消……的念头→encourage v．鼓励 (反义词)→discouraging adj.令人沮丧的→discouraged adj.灰心的；沮丧的 ‎8．inspire v．鼓舞；激励→inspiration n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→__inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→inspired adj.富有灵感的 ‎1.“状态，状况”名词大荟萃 ‎①state　　　　　 状态，状况 ‎②status 状态；情形 ‎③condition 状态，情况 ‎④situation 状况，形势 ‎⑤circumstance 情况，环境 ‎2.聚焦“职场经历”高频名词 ‎①promotion　　　　　 升职 ‎②employment 雇用 ‎③appointment 任命 ‎④interview 面试 ‎⑤dismissal 解雇 ‎⑥unemployment 失业 ‎3.“annual”相关形容词全扫描 ‎①minutely　　　 每分钟的 ‎②hourly 每小时的 ‎③daily 每日的 ‎④weekly 每周的 ‎⑤monthly 每月的 ‎⑥quarterly 每季度的 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．adapt__to　　　　　　 (使)适应 21‎ ‎2．stand__out 引人注目；突出；显眼 ‎3．set__foot__on 进入，到达 ‎4．break__up 撞碎；解体 ‎5．come__up__with 想出 ‎6．in__case__of 如果；假使 ‎1.“stand”短语面面观 ‎①stand out　 突出；显眼；引人注目 ‎②stand for 代表；象征；容忍；主张 ‎③stand by 袖手旁观；坚持；支持；遵守 ‎④stand up 站起来 ‎⑤stand up for 支持；维护 ‎2.“v.＋up with”短语汇总 ‎①come up with　　 想出；提出 ‎②keep up with 与……同步；跟上(强调状态)‎ ‎③catch up with 跟上(强调动作)‎ ‎④end up with 以……结束 ‎⑤put up with 忍耐；忍受 ‎3.“控制，掌管”家族 ‎①in control of　　 控制，掌管 ‎②take control of 控制，掌管 ‎③in charge of 控制，掌管 ‎④in the charge of 由……掌管 ‎⑤under the control of 在……控制之下 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：现在分词短语作伴随状语 ‎ Covering__about__14__million__square__kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world.‎ 它(南极洲)覆盖了南极周围约1 400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。‎ 句型2：not until置于句首引起的部分倒装句 ‎ Not until the late 18th century did__the__British__explorer__James__Cook__cross the 21‎ ‎ Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.　直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终没有发现任何陆地。‎ 句型3：动词不定式作后置定语 ‎ ‎ Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to__set__foot__on the Antarctic mainland.　后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词 ‎1．Everyone agrees that a good state(状态) of mind is the base of success.‎ ‎2．All in all, I hope you can adapt(使适应) yourself to the new environment.‎ ‎3．According to the latest report, human beings are to blame for the abnormal(反常的) climate around the whole world.‎ ‎4．It is my great privilege(荣幸) to say something on behalf of all the students.‎ ‎5．What makes his books stand out from other English writers’ is his insight(洞察力) into human nature.‎ B．根据所给单词写出适当形式 ‎6．It was reported that 115 miners trapped(trap) in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.‎ ‎7．Many people have come to realize that they should go on a balanced(balance) diet.‎ ‎8．It is generally believed that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit promoted(promote) trading between different countries.‎ ‎9．In the absence(absent) of actual data，no reliance can be placed on such figures.‎ ‎10．Don’t be so discouraged(discourage)．If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time. ‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year.每年的 ‎2．(2019·浙江卷6月)They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说)．普通地；谦虚地 ‎3．(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and 21‎ ‎ remote communities.促进 ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.探讨；探究 Ⅲ.选词成篇 in case of; break up; in detail; keep one’s promise; in charge of; come up with; adapt (to)‎ When Mr.Zhang was young, he promised that he would help those most in need of help. Now, he 1.keeps__his__promise. He is 2.in__charge__of a food factory. Once he went to the poorest area of the country, he was shocked at what he had seen there. After that, he 3.came__up__with an idea that he would employ more people from poor areas to work in his factory to help them get rid of poverty. ‎ on average; in the form of; come into sight; stand out; set foot on; in particular The moment we 4.set__foot__on Guilin, the magnificent view 5.came__into__sight. 6.In__particular,__a huge sculpture 7.stood__out from the numerous other sculptures. You’d better keep your kids close if you go there with your children, because there’re so many people from all over the country that nobody can move fast.‎ Ⅳ.完成语段 Not until I arrived at the airport this morning 1.did__I__find__my__identity__card__left__at__home(我才发现身份证忘在家里了). Thus, I had to call my parents to send it to me immediately. Fortunately, they made it and I was 2.the__last__passenger__to__go__aboard(最后一个登机的乘客). 3.Sitting__close__to__the__window(靠着窗边坐下), I decided to check my luggage the next time I was on business.‎ ‎ trap　v．(trapped, trapped, trapping)储存，留存；使困住；使陷入困境　n．陷阱；圈套；诡计 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __had__been__trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.‎ ‎②a.Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapped(trap)‎ 21‎ ‎ in the atmosphere.‎ b．The bomb exploded, trapping(trap) victims in the building.‎ c．(2019·天津卷)Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped(trap)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)Because he had__been__trapped__in__traffic(被交通所困), he was late for school.‎ ‎④(高级表达)Trapped__in__traffic/Having__been__trapped__in__traffic,__he was late for school.(分词短语作状语)‎ ‎（1）be/get trapped in...　　　 被困在……‎ trap sb. into （doing） sth. 诱骗某人（做某事）‎ ‎（2）fall into/be caught in a trap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套 set/lay a trap for... 为……设圈套 ‎[佳句背诵] What’s worse, when I read English, I am often trapped in the unknown words.　更糟糕的是，我读英语时经常被一些不认识的单词困住。‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“被困在……中”的短语还有be/get locked in，be/get caught in，be/get stuck in，be/get blocked in等。‎ ‎ promote　vt.增进，促进；提升；宣传，推广，推销(商品等)‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(四川卷)More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to__promote(promote) the local economy.‎ b．Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to__promote(promote) products.‎ ‎②(江西卷)I hear they have__promoted(promote) Tom, but he didn’t mention having__been__promoted__(promote) when we talked on the phone.‎ ‎③(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get__promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④(江西卷)Not only did the mountainclimbing get us close to nature, it also__promoted__the__friendship__among__us(增进了我们之间的友谊)．‎ ‎(1)promote sb.(from sth.) to sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位 ‎(2)promotion n. 提升；晋级；促进 21‎ get/win promotion 获得晋级　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Because of his good performance, he was soon promoted to a higher position in the company.‎ 因为他优异的表现，他很快就被提拔到公司的一个更高的职位。‎ ‎ [词块助记]‎ promote international cooperation 促进国际合作 promote an exchange of ideas and information ‎ 促进思想和信息的交流 get a promotion 获得晋升 ‎ discourage　v．阻止；打消……的念头 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2017·浙江卷6月)Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged(courage)．‎ b．Instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging__(discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.‎ ‎②(湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage(courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③Parents should encourage__their__children__to__overcome__difficulties(鼓励他们的孩子克服困难) and inspire them to develop by themselves.‎ ‎④We tried to discourage__him__from__climbing__the__mountain(阻止他爬山) without a guide.‎ ‎(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 　　 劝某人不要做某事；‎ ‎ 使某人失去做某事的信心 ‎(2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的 discouraging adj. 令人泄气的；令人沮丧的 ‎(3)encourage vt. 鼓励 encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He tried to balance his study and rest and find the way to get out of difficult situation because he believed nothing could discourage him from pursuing his dream.　他试着平衡学习和休息，找到走出困境的方法， 因为他相信没有什么可以使他失去追逐梦想的信心。‎ 21‎ ‎ in case of　假使；如果 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2019·江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.‎ b．(湖南卷)In case of emergency, please call the Help Desk at 9263736.‎ ‎②As is often the case, anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ ‎③We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)He may win the competition. In__this__case(如果这样的话) he is likely to get into the national team. ‎ ‎⑤(高级表达) He may win the competition, in__which__case__he__is__likely__to__get__into__the__national__team．(非限制性定语从句)(辽宁卷)‎ in case　　　　　　　　 假使；如果，万一 in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话 in any case 无论如何，总之 in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)‎ as is often the case 这是常有的事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Dangerous waste will do great harm to human health and the environment in case of improper management.　有害废物如果处理不当，将会对人的健康和环境造成很大的危害。‎ ‎[名师点津] case表示情况，若有定语从句修饰，并且case在从句中作状语，后面的定语从句多用where引导，类似的还有situation, point, position, stage等。‎ Not until＋倒装句“直到……才……”‎ ‎(教材原句)Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.　直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终没有发现任何陆地。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2018·天津卷)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.‎ 21‎ b．(天津卷)It’s difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until we’ve actually had that lesson.‎ ‎②(江苏卷)Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.‎ ‎ [能力提升]——句式升级 ‎(普通表达)I didn’t pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.‎ ‎③(高级表达)Not__until__I__finished__my__studies__did__I__pursue__my__career__as__an__actress.(倒装句式)‎ ‎④(高级表达)It__was__not__until__I__finished__my__studies__that__I__pursued__my__career__as__an__actress.(强调句式)‎ ‎(1)not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，即：“Not until＋从句＋did/does＋主语＋其他成分”意为“直到……才……”(until后面的从句不倒装)。 ‎ ‎(2)not...until/till...意为“直到……才……”，该句型中主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词，强调主句所表示的动作或情景一直到until/till所表示的时间才发生。‎ ‎(3)until/till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。‎ ‎(4)not until...的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Not until he had failed in the job interview did he realize how important confidence was.直到他面试失败，他才意识到自信是多么重要。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．It is recommended that all the students keep a balanced (balance) diet and take regular exercise for their health.‎ ‎2．I will go on a business trip tomorrow; Mark will be in charge of the company in my absence(absent)．‎ ‎3．I don’t think the young man is the best man to__do(do) the job because he is very careless.‎ ‎4．Though trapped(trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to 21‎ ‎ be rescued.‎ ‎5．Because of his hard work, he got rapid promotion(promote), and ended up as a leader.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．(福建卷)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ ‎2．As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest.‎ ‎3．They were filled with joy when they set foot on China soil in late July.‎ ‎4．Having discussed the problem all afternoon, they finally came up with a solution to it.‎ ‎5．It’s a great privilege to know you, a worldfamous physics scientist.‎ 维度三　派生词练习 ‎1．Listening to his inspiring speech, we were inspired to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also inspiration．(inspire)‎ ‎2．From his discouraged look, I judged he wasn’t hired, which was really discouraging. But I still encouraged him to go to other companies to try his fortune.(discourage)‎ ‎3．The lake is over 20 meters in depth. So we were all moved deeply by the man who dived deep into the lake to save the boy.(deep)‎ ‎4．With the extreme weather coming, people felt extremely cold and many got ill.(extreme)‎ ‎5．On hearing the depressing news, he felt depressed and soon got into a state of depression．(depress)‎ 维度四　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．屠呦呦是中国第一位赢得诺贝尔医学奖的女科学家。(不定式作定语)‎ Tu Youyou is the first woman scientist to__win__the__Nobel__Prize in medicine in China.‎ ‎2．既来之，则安之。你必须多动脑子，想出个新的解决方法来。(come up with)‎ You would take things as they came. All you had to do was think a little harder and come__up__with__a__new__solution．‎ ‎3．他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。(discourage) ‎ His words were__discouraging,__which made__many__people__discouraged．‎ ‎4．You’d better take an umbrella in case of the rain.‎ 21‎ ‎→You’d better take an umbrella in__case__it__rains．‎ ‎5．直到半夜(以后)他才上床睡觉。‎ ‎①Not__until__midnight__did__he__go__to__bed. (倒装句)‎ ‎②He__didn’t__go__to__bed__until__midnight. (陈述句)‎ ‎③It__wasn’t__until__midnight__that__he__went__to__bed. (强调句)‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ Zhang Ming, a university student, set up 1.an Antarctic volunteer expedition last month. 2.Having__been__trained(train) strictly, Zhang Ming 3.stood(stand) out in many volunteers. As a result, he was promoted to the 4.leader(lead) of the expedition. Zhang Ming was so 5.lucky(luck) that he became one of the first college student explorers 6.to__go(go)to the Antarctic. At the beginning, he didn’t adapt to the 7.conditions(condition) there when he set foot 8.on the Antarctica. Once he and his teammates 9.were__trapped(trap) in a snowstorm, almost numb at minus 30℃ in the open air. He didn’t get discouraged but got through 10.it. Finally, they were saved. ‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假设你是李华，你代表你班邀请外教Mr.Smith一起游玩泰山，请按以下要点写信邀请。①提出邀请；②介绍泰山的重要性；③说明游玩时间和安排。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)‎ ‎①邀请您在本周六和我们一起游览泰山，我觉得很荣幸。‎ I feel__it__a__privilege__to__invite you to join us in visiting Mount Tai this Saturday.‎ ‎②众所周知，泰山在中国群山中很突出，激发了许多诗人的灵感。‎ As is known, Mount Tai stands__out among mountains of China. It promotes__many__poets’__inspiration．‎ ‎③一旦你踏上这座山，你就会觉得它特别有吸引力。‎ Once you set__foot__on the mountain, you will find it attractive in__particular．‎ ‎④我们早上7点在校门口集合，7：20出发。‎ We will meet at school gate at 7：00 in the morning and set__off__at__7：20．‎ ‎⑤周日早上欣赏完极其美妙的日出后，我们会返回。‎ After enjoying__the__extremely__wonderful__sunrise on Sunday morning, we’ll ‎ 21‎ return. ‎ ‎⑥你的缺席将会令我们沮丧，万一你有其他安排，请尽早告诉我。‎ Your__absence__will__make__us__depressed,__so inform me at your earliest convenience in__case__you__have__other__arrangements．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句②‎ As__is__known,__Mount__Tai__stands__out__among__mountains__of__China,__which__promotes__many__poets’__inspiration.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Mr.Smith，‎ I feel it a privilege to invite you to join us in visiting Mount Tai this Saturday.‎ As is known, Mount Tai stands out among mountains of China, which promotes many poets’ inspiration. Once you set foot on the mountain, you will find it attractive in particular. We will meet at school gate at 7：00 in the morning and set off at 7：20. After enjoying the extremely wonderful sunrise on Sunday morning, we’ll return.‎ Your absence will make us depressed, so inform me at your earliest convenience in case you have other arrangements.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ (建议用时：45分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·昆明诊断测试)The world can be a scary place when 21‎ ‎ you’re young. It can be even scarier when you’re a young little blue penguin(企鹅), the tiniest of the penguin species. Luckily, there are some humans willing to help. They stepped in to protect Billy, a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch, New Zealand.‎ Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay, near Sumner, in Christchurch, the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd. Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon, and he biked home to get his camera. When he returned to the scene, he found that the penguin had received a little sign, one that read “Hi, I’m waiting for my mum to come back. DOC(Department of Conservation) knows I’m here. Please leave me alone. Keep your dog away. Thanks, Billy the baby blue penguin.”‎ Billy didn’t move away from the sign. The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy, though they were surprised to see it on the beach. “It’s unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day，” Anita Spencer, a DOC senior ranger, told Stuff.‎ Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach. Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin, and is around 2 months old. The chick weighs a mere 550 grams, less than a standard basketball. A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age. Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.‎ The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice, before it’s set free into the ocean.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。‎ ‎1．Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin?‎ A．It is a rare species.‎ B．It faces potential danger.‎ C．It is surrounded by the crowd.‎ D．It is threatened by dogs.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段，尤其是倒数第二、三句“Please leave me alone. Keep your dog away.”可知，当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖立了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它，不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知，对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲，这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。‎ ‎2．It can be inferred from the text that Billy________．‎ A．is a female penguin 21‎ B．has expressed its thanks C．weighs less for its age D．prefers living on the beach C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams, less than a standard basketball. A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.”可知，这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克，而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知，这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Ignored. B．Cured.‎ C．Given away. D．Brought back.‎ D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.”可知，这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知，画线词与brought back “带回”意思相近。故D项正确。‎ ‎4．What will happen to Billy in the center?‎ A．It will be reported to Stuff.‎ B．It will be visited by the locals.‎ C．It will be taken good care of.‎ D．It will be fed with fruit juice.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice, before it’s set free into the ocean.”可知，在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前，康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知，在那个企鹅康复中心里，这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底检测) Scientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic.‎ The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.‎ The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains 21‎ ‎ estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.‎ Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it’s also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.‎ The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.‎ Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it’s food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “detritus” in the second paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Waste. B．Ocean.‎ C．System. D．Machine.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A。‎ ‎6．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?‎ A．Fishing vessels.‎ B．Dolphins and seals.‎ C．Giant tubes.‎ D．Abandoned fishing gear.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost ‎ 21‎ gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。‎ ‎7．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?‎ A．Because they are killed by ghost gear.‎ B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear.‎ C．Because they don’t like eating plastic.‎ D．Because they are not feeding properly.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能正常地进食。‎ ‎8．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．A report about the death of marine life.‎ B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.‎ C．Information about ocean plastic.‎ D．The reason for inventing a machine.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic.”点明了文章的主题。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·辽宁五校模拟)‎ How to Overcome Depression Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month. Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily life. To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you’re feeling are the symptoms of depression. 1.________ While medications can help relieve these symptoms, it is still important for depressed people to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it.‎ Keep yourself busy. Fill your schedule with events and activities you love. Keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your list. You can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the night before. 2.________‎ Improve your diet. 3.________ Even if you’re losing your appetite, you need to be determined to eat three meals a day. You don’t need to try to lose weight or be incredibly health conscious when you’re dealing with your depression, but 21‎ ‎ eating healthier food regularly will improve your mental and physical state.‎ Think positively. Being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way that fills you with hope instead of despair. To think more positively, you should learn how to recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever you can. For a jumpstart, find at least five things to be grateful for. 4.________‎ ‎5．________ Neglecting personal hygiene(卫生) is a common side effect of depression. While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself. Shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.‎ A．Control your emotions.‎ B．Improve your appearance.‎ C．Most importantly, be happy about every single day.‎ D．Whichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.‎ E．However, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.‎ F．Eating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.‎ G．If you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种克服抑郁症的方法。‎ ‎1．G　解析：根据空处前后句可知，空处应是对抑郁症症状的列举。故G项符合语境。‎ ‎2．D　解析：根据空处前一句中的“draw up a schedule for each day”及“or simply plan out each day the night before”可知，选项D中的“Whichever method you choose”与之呼应，即我们无论用什么方法，都要制定一个目标坚持下去。故D项符合语境。‎ ‎3．F　解析：根据空前的Improve your diet.并结合下文中的“three meals a day”及“but eating healthier food regularly”可知，该段是围绕“diet”一词展开的，选项F中的“a healthy, balanced diet”与之呼应。故F项符合语境。‎ ‎4．C　解析：结合段落主题句Think positively.可知，该段主要是说要积极地思考，并根据空前一句可知C项“最重要的是每天都要开心”符合语境。‎ ‎5．B　解析：根据空处的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。根据该段中的“your looks”与“your appearance”及“Shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.”可知，该段都是围绕“appearance”展开的，故B项符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2020·福建质量检查测试)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, D．C. Terence __1__ the exciting trip,‎ 21‎ ‎ and was __2__ to go the next year.‎ Terence asked his parents __3__ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents __4__. He had almost a year to earn $150. His first __5__ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter __6__ that “he would babysit during his neighbors’ __7__”. He named a few afternoons available and said he would __8__ $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting __9__， he earned $45.‎ When the __10__ weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors’ doors to ask if they needed help with __11__ work. He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and __12__ that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw a(n) __13__ for a job for him. He got a job __14__ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 __15__ each Wednesday. It wasn’t long before he had __16__ money to go on the trip to Washington, D．C. He was __17__ in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they __18__ him. What a great feeling! He helped __19__ the cost of his trip.‎ This experience __20__ Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。‎ ‎1．A.prepared for B．laid out C．referred to D．heard about D　解析：根据第一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了(heard about)这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望(dying)来年也去。‎ ‎2．A.dying B．grateful C．lucky D．proud A　‎ ‎3．A.curiously B．casually C．anxiously D．briefly C　解析：根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他一半的旅行费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。‎ 21‎ ‎4．A.submitted B．agreed C．bargained D．refused B　解析：根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they ______ him.”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。‎ ‎5．A.idea B．job C．conclusion D．suggestion A　解析：根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打印了一封信，信上说(saying)邻居不在(absence)时他可以帮他们照看孩子。‎ ‎6．A.declaring B．confirming C．showing D．saying D　‎ ‎7．A.stay B．company C．interaction D．absence D　‎ ‎8．A.pay B．spend C．charge D．donate C　解析：根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。‎ ‎9．A.negotiations B．sessions C．attempts D．interviews B　解析：根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．A.warm B．fine C．unusual D．changeable A　解析：根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。‎ ‎11．A.yard B．paper C．school D．volunteer A　‎ ‎12．A.admitted B．determined C．complained D．insisted B　解析：根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，‎ 21‎ 他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.directory B．permit C．advertisement D．email C　解析：根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。A项意为“名录，电话簿”；B项意为“许可证”。‎ ‎14．A.editing B．updating C．printing D．delivering D　解析：根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送(delivering)报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元。‎ ‎15．A.at once B．on time C．after all D．in total D　‎ ‎16．A.extra B．much C．enough D．easy C　解析：根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。‎ ‎17．A.just B．even C．ever D．still A　解析：根据下文“The class trip was on October 15.”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。‎ ‎18．A.owed B．lent C．promised D．ordered C　解析：根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。C项意为“承诺”，故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.count B．cover C．estimate D．reduce B　解析：根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。‎ ‎20．A.astonished B．shaped C．excited D．impressed B　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。‎ 21‎ 21‎