2018-2019学年甘肃省天水市第一中学高二上学期第二学段考试英语试题 解析版 20页

绝密★启用前 甘肃省天水市第一中学 2018-2019 学年高二上学期第二学段 考试英语试题 评卷人 得分 一、阅读理解 Employers and managers must never ignore the need for an office or industrial first aid kit. The federal government says that every workplace should be equipped with first aid kits and that employees should be taught first aid. Good preparation can prevent unnecessary injury, lose of productivity(生产效率), or even law suits when a workplace emergency occurs. An employer must first provide the proper number of first aid kits for his workers. Many kits are available for sale online by industrial first aid kit suppliers. Kits designed for ten workers cost about $15 and kits designed for fifty workers cost about $80. There are kits also available for a small office，a vehicle，or work sites. Kits should be stored in a portable(轻便的), durable, watertight container. Fix the kit to the wall so that it is easily seen and reached in an emergency. Include a list of kit's contents to ensure it is always fully stocked. Show each worker where the kit is located and what tools it contains. Educate each worker about possible injuries and which ones will require immediate medical attention from professionals. The American Red Cross sells industrial first aid kits that meet the United States' Occupational Safety and Health Administration's requirements. Several types of kits are available. The Personal Protection Kit contains gloves, gowns, and masks to protect workers from dangers like blood and bodily fluids. It costs about $15. The American Red Cross also sells industrial first aid kits for 25 or 50 workers that are both very cheap. 1．According to the passage, good preparation of a first aid kit can help to prevent _______. A．any injury B．illness C．law suits D．fire 2．How much would a company with forty workers at least spend on first aid kits according to the passage? A．About $15. B．About $60. C．About $80. D．About $95. 3．In order to make the kits available, an employer does NOT need to ________. A．put them in a container which is easy to reach B．keep each kit always fully stocked C．tell workers where the kit is D．make sure every worker has his own kit 【答案】 1． C 2． B 3． D 【解析】 【分析】 本文讲述的是，雇主和管理者们坚决不能忽视对供办公室或者工业上用的急救药箱的需 求。并介绍了为了使急救设备发挥作用雇主要采取的措施。 1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Good preparation can prevent unnecessary injury，lose of productivity, or even law suits ...”可知，答案为 C 项。 2．B 计算题。根据第三段“Kits designed for ten workers cost about $15 and kits designed for fifty workers cost about $80”可知，四十个工人的公司需要 4 套急救设备，需要大约 60 美 元。故选 B。 3．D 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，A、B、C 三项内容均是为了使急救设备发挥 作用雇主要采取的措施，只有 D 项不必要。故选 D。 Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name — phubbers（低头族）. Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie（自拍照）in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported. It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. 4．For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragragh2? A．To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing. B．To advertise the cartoon made by students. C．To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers. D．To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients. 5．Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have? A．His social skills could be affected. B．His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed. C．He will cause the destruction of the world. D．He might get separated from his friends and family. 6．What may the passage talk about next? A．Advice on how to use a cell phone. B．People who are addicted to phubbing. C．The possible consequences of phubbing. D．Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing. 【答案】 4． A 5． C 6． D 【解析】 【分析】 本文为介绍说明文。现在越来越多的人使用手机，而且使用手机的时间越来越长，很多 人成为了低头族，这给自己和社会带来了很大的危害，本文就此社会现象展开说明。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的 A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die，a pretty woman takes selfie in front of a car accident site，and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone ． A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world．可知，作者想通过这些事例告诉我们人们 过度使用手机带来的种种危害。故 A 选项正确。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck，"和 Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.及第四段中的 Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family.可知，文章清 楚地说明了 A/B/D 三项，即过度使用手机带来的危害。只有 C 项“他将造成世界的毁 灭”没有涉及。故 C 选项正确。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段 It can also cost you your life．There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death，suffered accidents，and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.中作者提到低头族会让我们失去生命，带来很多社会问题。那么接下来 要讨论就是如何减少人们过度使用手机。故 D 选项正确。 【点睛】 本文是社会文化类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先 根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的 区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行 合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第 2 小题，要求读者判断“下列哪项不是低头族可能具有的风 险?”我们根据文章第三段中的"Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck ， " 和 Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. 及 第 四 段 中 的 Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family.可知， 过度使用手机会使低头族的脖子、视力逐渐受到伤害、社交能力受到损害、与家人和朋 友产生隔阂。而 C 项“他将造成世界的毁灭”没有涉及。从而得出正确答案。 Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museums” that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art museums, the design museums show objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the centre of the hall. People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales — it's the honouring of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase(玻璃陈列柜) in a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale. One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits. Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass-produced products work and look as they do, and how design has improved the quality of our lives.Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their understanding. In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to satisfy the public’s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London's Design Museum, for example, shows a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins.The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums, and visitors may also sense the humorous part of our society while walking around the exhibits. 7．Showcases in design museums are different from store windows because they____. A．show more technologically advanced products B．help increase the sales of products C．show why the products have sold well D．attract more people than store windows do 8．The author believes that most design museum visitors ____. A．do not like mass-produced products B．are puzzled with technological exhibits C．dislike exhibits in art museums D．know the exhibits very well 9．The choices open to design museums ____. A．are not as strict as those to art museums B．are not aimed at interesting the public C．may fail to bring some pleasure to visitors D．may fail to attract more visitors 10．What is the best title for this passage？ A．The forms of design museums. B．The exhibits of design museums. C．The nature of design museums. D．The choices open to design museums. 【答案】 7． C 8． D 9． A 10． C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了设计博物馆的本质和特征。 7．细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is...the second tells you the success of a sale” 可知，商 店和设计博物馆的区别在于前者是在出售商品，而后者告诉我们的是为什么这个商品卖 得好。故 C 选项正确。 8．细节理解题。由第三段第一句“One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits.” 可知，作者认为设计博物馆的参观者对展品很 熟悉。故 D 选项正确。 9．细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句中的“The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums” 可知，设计博物馆对展品的选择不像艺术博物馆那么 严格。故 A 选项正确。 10．主旨大意题。整篇短文向我们介绍了设计博物馆的本质和特征，虽然也介绍了形式、 展品和展品的选择，但这些都是细节和手段，都是为介绍本质和特征服务的。故 C 选项 正确。 【点睛】 细节题的正确选项特征之一是对原文句子中的关键词或短语进行替换。把原文中的一些 词换成意义相近的词或短语，成为正确选项。第 3 小题的 A 选项“are not as strict as those to art museums 中的 are not as strict as 与最后一段 The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums 中的 far less strict 就是典型的相近词，所以答 案很容易被选出。同学们需要对相近词进行归纳总结。 评卷人 得分 二、七选五 In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common. 11 ． In thunderstorms, lightning can strike (击中) people and buildings and is very dangerous. It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. 12 ． So what should you do during a lightning storm? Scientists say that a person’s chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000. 13． If you are indoors during a thunderstorm: ＊Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it. ＊Don't stand near the windows. ＊Don't take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water. ＊Never use the phone.14． If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors: ＊ 15． . If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in. ＊Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you. ＊Never use a cell phone. A．Try to get home as soon as possible. B．Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously. C．Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you. D．In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year. E．But you can reduce (减少) those chances by following these safety rules. F．But it is very important for us to learn about lightning. G．Go into a nearby building or car right away. 【答案】 11． B 12． D 13． E 14． C 15． G 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了雷暴的危害性以及减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。 11．由 In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common 可知， 在春季和 夏季，雷暴是常见的。小题 1 的选项要起到承上启下的作用。故 B 选项切题。 12．由 but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world 可知，但是世界上任何时候都有将近 1800 次雷暴发生。接下来要介绍雷暴对人 类造成的危害，故 D 选项切题 13．由下文的 If you are indoors during a thunderstorm: If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors 可知，下文都在介绍减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。由小题 3 的位 置可以判断出小题 3 的选项要引起下文。故 E 选项切题。 14．由 Never use the phone 可知，在室内遭遇雷暴时不能用电话。接着要说电话会带 来的危害。故 C 选项切题。 15．由 If there's no building around, try to find a low place to stay in 可知，如果 附近没有建筑，那就找个低矮的地方呆。小题 5 的选项要告诉我们在室外遭受雷暴时， 要马上进入附近的建筑内或者车内。以此来承接下文。故 G 选项切题。 评卷人 得分 三、完形填空 I lifted my wet woollen gloves to my face and wiped the snowflakes from my eyes. I could not feel my nose and my ______ formed a thick fog in the air. The biting wind was making me ____ I was fed up! I didn’t want to be here. I wanted to go home. But Mum and Dad had ____ me to go for a Sunday afternoon walk in the park. I could see my ______ in the snowy path, like a trail of breadcrumbs(一串面包屑) in the forest showing me the way _______. I stopped and listened to my _______. I could ______ the wind crying like a homeless dog hungry for a delicious ______. The once-green tree _______， which used to wave gently in the breeze, had become bare, and the grass was covered with a ________ blanket of fresh snow. Then I saw a broken spider’s web shining golden beneath a pale sun. My breath was like silky soft _____ floating up into the freezing cold air. Suddenly there was Mum，_______ handing me a big cup of hot chocolate. Her big smile immediately _______ my heart. “Here you are, Jo. This will keep you _______，”she said as she placed a comforting arm around my shoulders and _______ her cheek against mine. I slowly took a mouthful of the hot _______ and felt it slowly dripping down my throat like lava(熔岩) ______down a mountainside. My wet woollen gloves were now warm, not ____. My breath warmed, and I was _______fed up or cold. I was happy and ______. 16．A．sweat B．words C．tears D．breath 17．A．cold B．thirsty C．hungry D．tired 18．A．needed B．forbidden C．allowed D．forced 19．A．shadow B．image C．footprints D．shoes 20．A．up B．inside C．there D．home 21．A．whispers B．surrounding C．heartbeat D．mind 22．A．hear B．feel C．see D．smell 23．A．chocolate B．bone C．drink D．snowball 24．A．roots B．leaves C．trunks D．branches 25．A．white B．shabby C．plain D．colorful 26．A．ice B．smoke C．rain D．light 27．A．finally B．unwillingly C．gradually D．cheerfully 28．A．broke B．impressed C．melted D．stopped 29．A．calm B．alive C．awake D．warm 30．A．pressed B．felt C．dropped D．raised 31．A．soup B．meal C．liquid D．cup 32．A．jumping B．walking C．flowin D．squeezing 33．A．frozen B．abandoned C．damaged D．worn 34．A．either B．no longer C．no less D．sometimes 35．A．surprised B．warm-hearted C．determine D．contented 【答案】 16． D 17． A 18． D 19． C 20． D 21． B 22． A 23． B 24． D 25． A 26． B 27． D 28． C 29． D 30． A 31． C 32． C 33． A 34． B 35． D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，在寒冷的冬天作者从公园回家，大雪和寒风让作者感觉非常凄凉， 一杯热巧克力和妈妈的拥抱驱走了寒冷，家人的爱让作者感觉很幸福满足。 16．考查名词辨析及生活常识。A. sweat 汗水；B. words 话；C. tears 眼泪；D. breath 呼 吸；前一句告诉我们下雪了，天气应该很冷，我无法感觉到自己的鼻子，在寒冷的天气 这呼出的气变成了雾是常识。故 D 项正确。 17．考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. cold 寒冷；B. thirsty 口渴；C. hungry 饥饿；D. tired 疲惫；感觉第一句可知天气很冷，呼出的气都变成了雾，刺骨的风让我感觉很冷。故 A 项正确。 18．考查动词辨析。A. needed 需要；B. forbidden 禁止；C. allowed 允许；D. forced 迫使； 我不想在外面想回家，但是爸爸和妈妈强迫我周日下午到公园里散步，故 D 项正确。 19．考查名词辨析及生活常识。A. shadow 阴影；B. image 形象；C. footprints 脚印；D. shoes 鞋子；根据第一句“….wiped the snowflakes from my eyes.”可知下了大雪，在雪里步行会 留下脚印，这是生活常识。故 C 项正确。 20．考查上下文串联。根据上文可知下了大雪，爸爸妈妈强迫我在公园里步行回家，在 回家的路上我的脚印就像是一串面包屑。故 D 项正确。 21．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. whispers 低声说；B. surroundings 环境；C. heartbeat 心跳；D. mind 思维；根据下句我听见风声，说明我停下了听周围的环境的声音。故 B 项正确。 22．考查动词辨析几上下文串联。A. hear 听见；B. feel 感觉，知觉；C. see 看见；D. smell 闻；根据前一句“I stopped and listened to…”可知我停下了听周围的声音，听见了风声就 像饿狼想吃肉骨头的吼叫一样。故 A 项正确。 23．考查名词辨析。A. chocolate 巧克力；B. bone 骨头；C. drink 饮料；D. snowball 雪球； 根据前句“…a homeless dog hungry…”可知作者把风声比喻成饿狼想吃肉骨头的吼声， 故 B 项正确。 24．考查名词辨析及生活常识。A. roots 树根；B. leaves 树叶；C. trunks 树干；D. branches 树枝；根据下句“….had become bare 变得光秃”可知冬天的时候树叶落下，树枝变得光秃 秃的。故 D 项正确。 25．考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. white 白色的；B. shabby 破旧的，寒酸的；C. plain 普通的，平常的；D. colorful 多姿多彩的；根据第一句“I lifted my wet woollen gloves to my face and wiped the snowflakes from my eyes.”可知下雪了，草地上都覆盖着白色的雪。故 A 项正确。 26．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. ice 冰；B. smoke 烟雾；C. rain 雨水；D. light 光线； 根据后半句“….floating up into the freezing cold air 漂浮在冰冷的空气里”可知只有烟雾才 会漂浮在空中，故 B 项正确。 27．考查副词辨析。A. finally 最后，终于；B. unwillingly 不情愿地；C. gradually 逐渐地； D. cheerfully 高兴地；根据下句中“big smile”可知妈妈脸带笑意，说明妈妈情绪高涨。 故 D 项正确。 28．考查动词辨析。A. broke 打破；B. impressed 使…印象深刻；C. melted 融化；D. stopped 停止；妈妈的微笑融化了我的心，在寒冬中让我感觉很温暖。故 C 项正确。 29．考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. calm 镇定；B. alive 活着；C. awake 清醒；D. warm 温暖；根据 12 空后“…handing me a big cup of hot chocolate.”可知妈妈端了一杯热巧克力 给我，告诉我这杯巧克力可以让我保暖。故 D 项正确。 30．考查动词辨析。A. pressed 挤压；B. felt 感觉；C. dropped 放弃，落下；D. raised 筹 集，提高；本句描述妈妈拥抱我的感觉，她搂着我的肩膀，把她的脸颊贴在我的脸上。 故 A 项正确。 31．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. soup 汤；B. meal 一餐；C. liquid 液体；D. cup 杯 子；根据 12 空后“…handing me a big cup of hot chocolate.”可知妈妈端了一杯热巧克力给 我。我慢慢喝了一口热巧克力，文章的热巧克力是液体，故 C 项正确。 32．考查动词辨析。A. jumping 跳跃；B. walking 步行；C. flowing 流淌；D. squeezing 挤压；我喝了一口巧克力感觉到这液体像熔岩一样流进了我的胃里。故 C 项正确。 33．考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. frozen 冰冻的；B. abandoned 被遗弃的；C. damaged 被毁坏的；D. worn 用旧的；疲惫的；根据前句“My wet woollen gloves were now warm” 可知我的手套现在暖和了，不冷了。故 A 项正确。 34．考查副词辨析及上下文串联。A. either 也，要么；B. no longer 不再；C. no less 仍然， 还是，依旧；D. sometimes 有时；妈妈的爱让我感觉很温暖，不再寒冷，让我很幸福很 满足。根据句意可知 B 项正确。 35．考查形容词辨析。A. surprised 惊讶的；B. warm-hearted 热心肠的；C. determined 意 志坚定的；D. contented 满足的；妈妈的爱让我感觉很温暖，不再寒冷，让我很幸福很 满足。根据句意可知 D 项正确。 第 II 卷（非选择题） 请点击修改第 II 卷的文字说明 评卷人 得分 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I love natural science, which came from my curiosity in nature. From 36． early age, I caught frogs and insects in the nearby woods. I explored the cool streams 37． (run) through the woods and searched for fish living in the water. As I grew up, my interests expanded around subjects in school, particularly38 ． biology, chemistry and physics in high school. These interests were increased with more time39 ． (spend) in the deserts of Arizona. The desert was not totally new to me, since I40．(visit) relatives in Phoenix several times before I moved there. However, exploring the desert on my own was new. I checked under every rock and bush looking for 41． (sign) of life. I found many incredible animals. Once I happened to discover 42． (poison) snakes under a rock. I was very sacred. However, I 43． (eventual) grew to be cautious of them and now snakes are my favorite study subject. I am now an ecologist. I have done research in deserts, forests, streams and lakes. Finding new species still 44．(excite) me. I am glad to have a strong curiosity in the natural world. My hobby and curiosity make me 45． I am now. 【答案】 36． an 37． running 38． in 39． spent 40． had visited 41． signs 42． poisonous 43． eventually 44． excites 45． what 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作为生态学家的作者从小就喜欢自然科学，长大后对化 学，生物，物理学科感兴趣，作者喜欢探索新的物种，而他的兴趣和好奇造就了现在的 作者。 36．考查冠词。这里表示泛指，所以需用冠词 an，指的是从小的年龄开始。故填 an。 37．考查非谓语动词。Stream 与 run 之间是主谓关系，所以这里需用现在分词作后置 定语，故填 running。 38．考查介词。这里指的是兴趣在生物，化学，物理这几门学科上，表示在某方面的兴 趣时需用介词 in，故填 in。 39．考查过去分词。这里 more time 与 spend 之间是动宾关系，表示时间被花费，所以 该空需用过去分词，故填 spent。 40．考查过去完成时。根据句意可知，搬到费城是发生在过去的事情，而在搬到费城之 前就拜访了亲戚，可知这里拜访亲戚发生在过去的过去，所以该空需用过去完成时，故 填 had visited。 41．考查名词复数。这里作者每一个岩石，树丛下面都在检查生命的迹象，所以这里的 迹象不止一个，故填 signs。 42．考查形容词。该空需用形容词来说修饰名词 snakes，所以需将名词 poison 改为其 形容词形式 poisonous。故填 poisonous 。 43．考查副词。这里需用副词来修饰动词 grow，eventual 为形容词，不能修饰动词， 需改为副词形式 eventually，故填 eventually。 44．考查主谓一致。动名词做主语时谓语动词需用单数形式，故填 excites。 45．考查关系词。make me what I am 意为造就了我，为常用搭配，这里指的是兴趣哈 爱好造就了现在的我。故填 what。 评卷人 得分 五、根据课文内容填空 课文内容填空 First we will put you as an46 ． to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and47． the article yourself. No need for a camera. You will have a48． photographer with you to take photographs. You will find your colleagues very49． to assist you, so you may be able to50．on photography later if you’re interested. The skin is an 51． part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a 52．against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful53．. Cover the burned area with a dry, clean 54． that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause55．. 【答案】 46． assistant 47． submit 48． professional 49． eager 50． concentrate 51． essential 52． barrier 53． rays 54． bandage 55． infection 【解析】 【分析】 本题需要根据课文内容，使用单词的适当形式填空。 46．句意：首先，我们会让你成为一位有经验的记者助手。assistant“助手”，前面有不 定冠词 an，应使用名词单数形式。故 assistant。 47．句意：稍后，你可以自己报道一个故事并提交那篇文章。submit“提交”，此处与 cover 是并列谓语，应使用动词原形。故填 submit。 48．句意：你会有一位专业摄影师和你一起拍照。professional“专业的，职业的”。故 填 professional。 49．句意：你会发现你的同事非常愿意帮助你。eager“渴望的，热切的，热心的”。故 填 eager。 50．句意：所以如果你感兴趣的话，你可以稍后专注于摄影。concentrate“全神贯注”， be able to do sth.“有能力做某事”。故填 concentrate。 51．句意：皮肤是身体的重要组成部分，也是身体最大的器官。essential“基本的,必要 的”故填 essential。 52．句意：你有三层皮肤，它们是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳……的屏障。barrier“. 障碍物， 屏障”，根据空前不定冠词 a 可知，此处使用名词单数形式。故填 barrier。 53．句意：你有三层皮肤，它们是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳有害光线的屏障。ray“射线， 光线”是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处应使用名词复数形式。故填 rays。 54．句意：用干燥、干净、不会粘在皮肤上的绷带覆盖烧伤部位。bandage“绷带”，根 据空前不定冠词 a 可知，此处应使用名词单数形式。故填 bandage。 55．句意：不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为它们会使伤口保持热度，并可能导致 感染。infection“感染”。故填 infection。 评卷人 得分 六、短文改错 56．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 Visiting friends is one of the most common thing in our daily life. Usually, it is politely to call a friend before your visit, so close friends often drop in on each other without calling. Some people enjoy surprise visits from friends, but many people did not. In the USA, those people don’t like surprise visits may tell his friends to call before they come. This is acceptable because the most people are very busy. Drop in at a busy time can cause problems for the person visiting and the person visited. It’s a good idea to ask a friend if he or she mind your dropping in without calling. What you aren’t sure whether your friends welcome surprise visits, you’d better call first. 【答案】1.thing→things 2.politely→polite 3.so→but 4.did→do 5.people 后加 who 6.his→their 7.删除 most 前 the 8.Drop→Dropping 9.mind→minds 10.What→If 【解析】 【分析】 本文为介绍说明文。拜访朋友是我们日常生活中最常见的事情之一，作者给读者介绍了 拜访朋友时应该注意的事项。 【详解】 第一处：考查名词复数。根据 one of…“……之一”可知，此处应使用名词复数。故 thing 改为 things。 第二处：考查形容词。此处做表语，应使用形容词。故 politely 改为 polite。 第三处：考查连词。句意：通常，拜访朋友之前打电话是有礼貌的，_____亲密的朋友 经常不打电话就来拜访对方根据句意可知，前后不是因果关系，而是转折关系。故 so 改为 but。 第四处：考查时态。此处描述的客观现象，应使用一般现在时。故 did 改为 do。 第五处：考查定语从句。句意：在美国，那些不喜欢突然来访的人可能会告诉他的朋友 来之前打个电话。此处为定语从句，先行词是 people，关联词在从句做主语，应使用关 系代词 who 引导。故 people 后加 who。 第六处：考查代词。此处指代的 those people，应使用复数形式。故 his 改为 their。 第七处：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处为泛指“大多数的人们”，不需要加定冠词。 故删除 most 前 the。 第八处：考查非谓语动词。句意：在繁忙的时候来访会给来访者和来访者带来麻烦。此 处做句子的主语，应使用现在分词形式。故 Drop 改为 Dropping。 第九处：考查主谓一致。句意：问问朋友是否介意你不打个电话就顺道拜访他/她是个 好主意。此处做 he/she 的谓语动词，且描述的是客观事实，应使用第三人称单数形式。 故 mind 改为 minds。 第十处：考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你不确定你的朋友是否欢迎你的突然来访，你 最好先打个电话。根据句意可知，此处应为条件状语从句。故 What 改为 If。 【点睛】 短文改错主要考查同学们的英语基础知识，如名词单复数形式、动词时态、主谓一致、 形容词的用法、副词的用法、并列连词 but/and/or/so 等的用法、非谓语动词的应用、代 词指代等问题。同学们需要注重基础知识的积累。做题时，应充分理解句意、仔细分析 句子结构及成分：如第 1 小题，如果能注意到名词前的 one of…“……之一”，很容易 能判定 thing 使用错误，应使用复数形式；第 3 小题，理解句意的情况下，也能轻松判 定 so“因此”明显不符合语境，应为转折关系。 评卷人 得分 七、提纲类作文 57．假定你是李华，最近你校根据学生的爱好和兴趣，开展了许多社团活动（school activities）。请你用英语给校报写一封建议信，内容应包括： 1.列举你们学校开展的三项社团活动； 2.介绍你感兴趣的活动，说明原因及这些活动带给你的益处； 3.请你就如何选择课外活动提出两条建议。 注意：1.数 100 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3.书信开头和结尾已为你写好. Dear editor, ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear editor, Nowadays, school activities are becoming increasingly popular in senior high school. We also have many kinds of school activities in our school, such as the English Corner, Sunshine Radio Station, Happy Reading Club and so on. I’m interested in the English Corner , because it can not only help me make some new friends, but also improve my spoken English. In addition, I’m fond of the Sunshine Radio Station where I can have an unforgettable experience and make good friends. I hope my dream of being a host may come true one day. These school activities make me feel more confident. If you want to take part in school activities, I have some suggestions. First, you had better choose the activity which you like best. Second, try to make the best of your interest. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封建议信。 【详解】 第 1 步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封建议信；假定你是李华，最近你校根据学生的爱好 和兴趣，开展了许多社团活动（school activities），请你用英语给校报写一封建议信，内 容应包括：列举你们学校开展的三项社团活动，介绍你感兴趣的活动，说明原因及这些 活动带给你的益处，请你就如何选择课外活动提出两条建议。人称应为第一、二人称， 时态应为一般现在时。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：such as（例如），be interested in （对……感兴趣），not only…but also（不仅……而且……），unforgettable experience（难 忘的经历）等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范 清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者灵活运用长短句为文章增色不少， 如长句 We also have many kinds of school activities in our school, such as the English Corner, Sunshine Radio Station, Happy Reading Club and so on.；原因状语从句及 not only…but also…结构 I'm interested in the English Corner , because it can not only help me make some new friends, but also improve my spoken English. ；定语从句 In addition, I'm fond of the Sunshine Radio Station where I can have an unforgettable experience and make good friends.； 条件状语从句 If you want to take part in school activities, I have some suggestions.等等；还 运用了 in addition，first，second 等衔接词。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很 高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色 添彩。