高考英语必修1导学案：（Unit2 English around the world the 1st period） 8页

Unit 2 English around the world The First Period ‎●从容说课 This is the first period of this unit.This period focuses on reading.In this lesson，there are a warming up and a passage of reading “The Road To Modern English”.This warming up attracts students’ attention to the phenomenon of world English.The reading passage tells us the present situation in which English is used and the development of English.To let students to form a good habit of reading and have proper reading strategies are one of the main tasks for senior middle school English teaching，so in this period，we should teach according to this aim.‎ In this lesson，students will have a general idea of the conception of world English by guessing some words on American English and Britain English.To arouse students’ interest，I’ll present them some typical funny stories about different kinds of English.This is to get the students ready for the reading part.Before reading the passage，students should first get familiar with the new words in the text to remove the barrier in reading.Then students are asked to guess what the text will tell us.This step is designed to train students ability to predict the content of a passage according the title.The next step is to ask students to have a general idea of the structure of the text with the purpose of improving the skill of skimming.After that，detailed reading follows.In the step，students will be asked to deal with the passage paragraph by paragraph in which they will have different tasks to finish such as true-or-false exercise，filling a form with information in the text and retelling.This step trains students’ scanning skill and conclusion skill.The last step for students is to discuss the topic “It is not necessary for we Chinese to learn English since we have our own elegant language”.This is to train students to read critically.Besides，it can arouse students’ interest in learning English.‎ ‎●三维目标 ‎1.Knowledge：‎ Master the words and phrases and get a view of the road to modern English.‎ ‎2.Ability：‎ Train students’ reading skill.‎ ‎3.Emotion：‎ Let students know more about English and inspire students to study English hard.‎ ‎●教学重点 The understanding and comprehension of the passage.‎ ‎●教学难点 ‎（1）How to get to master the useful words and expressions.‎ ‎（2）How to improve students’ ability to read an article.‎ ‎●教具准备 cassette recorder，some pieces of slide ‎●教学过程 Step 1 Greetings T：Good morning，boys and girls!‎ S：Good morning，teacher!‎ Step 2 Warming up T：English is a widely used language.Do you know in which countries English is spoken as their native language？‎ Sa：The US，the UK，Australia，Canada...‎ T：（a slide：Nancy：Oh，there you are.Now then，did you have a good flight？‎ Joe：Sure，we flew all the way direct from Seattle to London.‎ Nancy：You must be very tired.Did you sleep at all on the plane？‎ Joe：No，not really.I’m very tired.Could I use your bathroom？‎ Nancy：Why，of course.You don’t need to ask，just make yourself at home.Let me give you a clean towel.‎ Joe：A towel？‎ Nancy：Yes.Here you are.The bathroom is upstairs.It’s the second door on the left. ‎ ‎（After a while）‎ Nancy：Have you found it？‎ Joe：Well，eh，yes，I mean no.I mean，I found the bathroom，but I didn’t find what I was looking for!） ‎ Here is a short dialogue.Read it and discuss with your partner：What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom？Why can’t he find it？‎ Sb：It is the toilet.‎ T：And why？‎ Sc：Perhaps when Joe says “bathroom”，he means a place，where there is a toilet.But in Nancy’s eyes，it is a place where people can only have a bath.‎ T：You are right.Do you know why there’s a misunderstanding between them？‎ Sd：Because they speak different kinds of English.‎ T：Great.There’s more than one kind of English in the world.In some important ways they’re different.They’re called world English.Can you guess what they include？‎ Se：Canadian，British，American，Australian and Indian English.‎ T：Right.So you know even two native speakers of English may still not speak the same kind of English.Look at the examples on P9.Now try to guess which of the following words are British English and which are American English.‎ Suggested answers：Am.English：mom；on a team；rubber；gas Br.English：mum；in a team；eraser；petrol Step 3 New Words T：From today on，we’ll learn something about English around the world.First of all，let’s get familiar with the new words.Yesterday I asked you to read the new words and look up the meaning of them.Now let’s have a game in which one of you tells us the meaning or the explanation of the words and the others guess which word it is.Let’s go!‎ Suggested explanation：‎ ‎1.include：have something or somebody as one of a group.‎ e.g.：The tour included a visit to the Science‎ ‎Museum.‎ ‎2.play a role in：have a part in ‎ ‎3.international：connected with two or more countries ‎4.native：（1）connected with the place where you have always lived or have lived for a long time ‎（2）a person who lives in a particular place，especially sb. who has lived there a long time ‎5.elevator：lift ‎6.flat：（1）having a smooth surface （2）（Br. E） a set of rooms for living in ‎7.apartment：（Am. E） a set of rooms for living in ‎8.modern：of the present time or recent time ‎9.come up：to move toward ‎ ‎10.culture：the customs and beliefs，art，way of life and social organization of a particular country or group ‎11.actually：really；in fact ‎12.present：（1）existing or happening now （2）being in a particular place ‎13.rule：control ‎14.vocabulary：all the phrases and phrases you learn ‎15.usage：the way in which words are used in a language ‎16.identity：who or what sb./sth. is ‎17.government：the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a state ‎18.rapidly：fast T：That’s great!You’ve made a good preparation.Now please read the words together.（show words and explanations on the slide）‎ Step 4 Pre-reading T：Just now，we’ve known that there’re many kinds of English in the world.Then why are there so many kinds？‎ Ss：We don’t know.‎ T：Anyway，we’ll find out the cause today.Now read the title of the passage “the road to modern English”.What do you think it will tell us？‎ Sf：I guess it will tell us the development of English.‎ Step 5 Skimming T：Now let’s find out whether your answer is right.So please read the passage fast in silence and find out the main idea of each paragraph.‎ Suggested answer：‎ Para.1：Brief introduction of the change in English.‎ Para.2：An example of different kinds of English.‎ Para.3：The development of English.‎ Para.4：English spoken in some other countries.‎ Step 6 Scanning T：You’ve mastered the structure of the passage.Now please read para.1 and 2 loud in detail.‎ T：（several minutes later） Have you finished？Here’re some statements of which some are right while some not.Read them and then tell whether they are true or false.If false，please find out the mistake and correct it.‎ ‎（slides：1.Most of the English speakers in the 16th century lived in England.‎ ‎2.More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language.‎ ‎3.The US has the largest number of English speakers. ‎ ‎4.Native English speakers can understand everything because they speak the same kind of ‎ English.）‎ Sg：The first one is true.‎ Sh：The second one is true.‎ Si：The third one is false.China has the largest number of English speakers.‎ Sj：The fourth one is false.Native English speakers may not be able to understand everything because they do not speak the same kind of English.‎ T：You did a very good job.Now please read para.3 after the tape.And then fill in the form on the screen.‎ The Road To Modern English The cause：‎ Cultures communicate with one another Time Things that happened Between AD 450 and 1150‎ Based on German ‎ ‎1150 to 1500‎ Less like German； more like French→why？→because Frenchmen ruled England then In the ‎1600’‎s Shakespeare broadened the vocabulary.‎ A big change in English，giving its own identity→why？→caused by “American Dictionary of the English language” written by Noah Webster Later ‎ British people brought English to ‎Australia T：We know culture communication brings about changes in English.Can you think of any effect that Chinese has on English？‎ Sk：In English there are some Chinese words such as gongfu，long time no see，...‎ T：Great!With more closely communication of culture，English is changing more frequently.‎ T：As we all know，English is spoken as the native language mostly in western countries.Then what about English in some other parts of the world？After reading the last paragraph，would you please say something about the present situation of English in your own words？‎ Sl：It is also spoken as a foreign or 2nd language in many other countries.For example，in India，it is used for government and education.In some African and Asian countries，it is also spoken，such as in South Africa，Singapore and Malaysia.While in China，the number of English speakers is increasing fast.‎ T：Quite good.‎ Step 7 Discussion T：So far，we’ve known that English is becoming more and more important in China.It has been an important subject for Chinese students.But someone say that Chinese is a much more elegant language.So it is more important for us to master it and it is not so necessary for us to master a foreign language.Do you agree with this opinion and why？‎ Suggested answer：‎ I don’t agree with it.With the cultural communication becoming more and more frequent，the chance to contact foreigners，exported goods，international conferences，and so on，is more and more.As the most widely used language，English is regarded as the language used in most international situations.Thus，if we want to keep up with the times，we’d better master English and use it as a tool.‎ Step 8 Summary and homework T：Today we’ve learned an article on “the road to modern English”.After class，you should read it again and again to get the idea of the text further.Do the exercises of comprehending and try to tell your partner something about English in our own words.That’s all for today.Class is over.‎ ‎●板书设计 Unit 2 English around the world ‎ The First Period New words：Main idea of each para-graph：‎ ‎... ...‎ ‎... ...‎ ‎●活动与探究 This activity is to make research into differences between different kinds of world English and some words from other languages in English.‎ Divide students into two groups to do research and fill the following table in their free time.‎ Differences Pronunciation Spelling Meaning Usage ‎...‎ Words from other languages Chinese Japanese French Spanish German ‎...‎ ‎●备课资料 Soon There Will Be No Such Thing As “Wrong” English In this article：Senior Indian journalist Gautaman Bhaskaran says that English is so flexible that one day there will be too many variations around the world.‎ English is a victim of its own success.The other day The Times in London displayed a cartoon showing an excited schoolboy flaunting his test scores：“I done good in English.”Days later，editors of the Oxford Dictionary of English rued the spread of what they termed “greengrocer’s English”.Grammar and syntax，they regretted，were going out of fashion.‎ Others in England—in the Oxford University Press，the BBC and so on—said the incorrect use of cliches were marring the smooth flow of a great language whose ability to imbibe and absorb has been one important reason for its success.‎ This success also stems from the language’s unique position of being the only one spoken in most parts of the world.Really，English has no boundaries.Even in countries such as Japan and China，which were not colonized by Britain，English is making a determined “conquest”.‎ Unfortunately，such a conquest is not always welcome because a language sometimes doubles as a political weapon.At some point it ceases to be just a means of communication and English is a classic example of this.‎ It has always led a troubled life.It has been disliked，even hated，largely because the people who originally spoke English conquered，colonized and terrorized half the world，or just about.The ‎ animosity to the language continues，at least in some places.‎ The bitterness that the French，for instance，have for English is a good example of a language being giving a quasi-political role in society.‎ Fortunately，this aversion does not run as it did some years ago，and there is a growing realization that English is the lingua franca.China and Japan，among a host of other nations，have been making serious efforts to promote the language.‎ Some months ago there was a hue and cry in Singapore over the spread of “terrible English” which the authorities called “Singlish”.“Down with it!” they said，and urged Singaporeans to learn correct English，the phenomenal flexibility of which has often made things difficult for those who have to use it every day.‎ Today even university graduates find it hard to pen a couple of correct sentences in it.More horrifying is that many teachers and university vice-chancellors speak and write poor and ungrammatical English.Often，they are found to be out of touch with what is called “usage” and，as we all know，this is one of the pillars the language rests on.‎ Yet，despite the mess that English is in India，the nation has—more than two centuries after Samuel Johnson wrote his English dictionary—become the hottest destination for top lexicographers.‎ The new 10th revised edition of the Oxford Concise English Dictionary includes hundreds of Indian words.Leading the list of 600 Indian English entries are “Hindutva” （Hindu identity），“dada” （older brother），“panchayat” （local administration），“chai” （tea），“pani” （water），“puri” （a dish made of wheat） and “dosa” （rice pancake）.In fact，Indian words from 20 per cent of entries and rank as the third-largest component after American and Australian English segments.Other former British colonies such as New Zealand，South Africa and the Caribbean islands follow the Indian English collection of words.‎ English，despite its hiccups，is endearing to the common Indian man or woman.About 150 years after Lord Macaulay introduced the language in India to create “babus” （clerks） for the British bureaucracy，70 million Indians speak English，a number that is higher than that in Britain.‎ However，there is a sneaking fear among Puritans that with this kind of spread，English may stop being English.While the French have fanatically preserved the purity of their language，the English have liberally allowed other influences to affect their lingo.So，what is seen as its strength—the fact that people all over the world understand it—can be an undermining obstacle.‎ There might be a serious problem if every state or continent were to have its own version of English.As one writer said：“There is a risk in relentless atomization.” With too many variations of the language，a time may come when one group of English-speaking people may not be able to understand another.This is happening.Hear the way Singaporeans speak English.Listen to the Australians pronouncing “e”；it sounds like “a”.‎ A few of the films made lately by British directors Ken Loach and Mike Leigh had to have subtitles in English.Accents in the north of Britain can be hard for people in the south to understand，let alone those outside the island.‎ The point is，no language must be allowed such flexibility—anything goes in the name of functional communication—that people begin to take liberties with it.Ultimately，there may be no such thing as wrong English.The schoolboy in the Times cartoon was doing just that.He knew nobody would scold him for getting his English wrong.‎ 不久以后就没有“错误的”英语这一说了 英语成了自身成功的牺牲品，前几天，伦敦的《泰晤士报》刊登了一幅漫画，上面画了一个兴高采烈的男学生炫耀他的考试成绩：“I done good in English”（我的英语成绩不错）。 几天后，《牛津英语词典》的编辑们对他们所定义的 “菜贩子讲的英语” 的传播大为悲叹。 他们感到遗憾的是， 语法和句法都过时了。‎ 其他一些在英国——牛津大学出版社、BBC（英国广播公司）等的人说：不正确地使用陈腐辞藻损害着一种伟大语言的流畅性，英语博采众长的能力是其成功的一个重要原因。‎ 英语的成功同样源自其独特的地位，它是在世界的大多数地区都使用的惟一一门语言。的确，英语没有国界。甚至在没有被英国所殖民过的国家，诸如中国和日本，英语正进行着决定性的“征服”。 ‎ 不幸的是， 这种征服不总是受到欢迎，因为一种语言有时会被兼作政治武器。有时候，语言不再仅仅是一种沟通的工具，而英语又是这种情况的一个经典范例。‎ 英语总是摆脱不掉困扰。它曾不受人喜欢，甚至遭人厌恶过。主要是因为最初讲英语的人征服、殖民和胁迫了世界的一半地区，或者说将近一半地区。 对英语的敌意还在持续着，至少在某些地方仍是这样。‎ 语言在社会中被赋予了一种准政治的作用，比如法国人对英语的嫉恨就是一个很好的例子。‎ 幸运的是，这种对英语的厌恶不像多年前那么严重，人们越来越认识到英语其实是一种混合语。在众多国家，比如中国和日本，一直在大力推广英语的使用。‎ 几个月前在新加坡，人们大声抗议被当局称作 “新加坡式英语” 的“可怕的英语”正在到处传播。“够了！”他们说道，并督促新加坡人学习正确的英语。对于那些每天都必须使用英语的人来说， 英语异常的灵活性经常把事情搞得很困难。‎ 现在，即使是大学毕业生都会发现写几句正确的英文句子很难。更可怕的是， 许多教师和大学副校长说着和写着糟糕的不合语法的英语。人们经常会发现这些人不注重语言的“用法”，正如我们都知道的，用法是语言的支柱之一。‎ 然而，尽管英语在印度被搞得一团糟，在塞谬尔·约翰逊编写了他的英语字典两个多世纪以后， 这个国家已经成为顶级词典编纂者们最热门的词汇来源地。 ‎ ‎《牛津简明英语词典》新近出版的第十修订版收录了几百个印度词汇。在600条印度英语词条中最重要的词汇是“Hindutva”（印度身份），“dada”（长兄），“panchayat”（地方行政机关），“chai”（茶），“pani”（水），“puri”（用小麦做的食品），以及 “dosa”（烤米饼）。实际上，印度词汇构成了20%的词条并且在美国和澳大利亚英语条目之后，成为第三大词典词汇组成部分。从其他前英国殖民地，比如新西兰、南非和加勒比海群岛所收录的词汇都位居印度英语之后。‎ 普通的印度人都还是喜欢英语的，尽管有时会有些小问题。麦考利勋爵将英语引入到印度并为英国官僚机构创造了像 “babus”（职员）这样的词汇，150年之后，有7000万的印度人在讲英语，人数比在英国讲英语的人都要多。‎ 然而，清教徒却普遍心存恐惧，怕如此下去英语会变得面目全非了。与法国人狂热地保护法语纯洁性的做法不同，英国人很大方地接受了外界对其影响。结果是，世界各地的人都懂英语——可以说这一优势削弱了英语的纯洁性。‎ 如果每个国家或大陆都有其版本的英语的话，那么问题可能就严重了。正如一位作家所说的：“无休止使英语分化是危险的。”英语如果有太多的变种的话，会出现这样的情况：当一群讲英语的人可能听不懂另一群人所讲的英语。这种情况事实上正在发生。您来听听新加坡人说的英语。听澳大利亚人发“e”这个音的；听起来就像发“a”这个音。‎ 最近由英国导演肯·露弛和麦克·‎ 雷导演的几部电影中不得不加上了英语字幕，因为英国北部人的口音让英国南方的人很难听懂，更不用说英国以外的人了。‎ 问题的关键是，没有什么语言可以允许有如此的灵活性——以至于人们借实际沟通之名，就可以随意使用了。最终的结果是：可能不会有错误的英语这回事了。在《泰晤士报》卡通中的男学生正是这么做的。因为他清楚没有人会指责他所讲的英语不正确。 ‎