2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修7+unit+2 12页

‎ [话题素材——机器人]‎ 好词 ‎1．automatic adj. 自动的 ‎2．artificial adj. 人造的 ‎3．shape n. 形状 ‎4．chip n. 芯片 ‎5．update vt. 更新 ‎6．be used for 被用来……‎ ‎7．come true 实现 ‎8．follow the fashion 追随时尚 ‎9．be in the lead 领先 ‎10．information products 信息产品 ‎11．in storage 储存 ‎12．scientific breakthrough 科学突破 ‎13．positive and negative aspects of robots 机器人的积极和消极方面 ‎14．controlled by a computer 由计算机控制 ‎15．a robot design competition 机器人设计大赛 佳句 ‎1．Computer technology has come a long way since_the_1970s.‎ 自20世纪70年代以来，电脑技术有了很大的发展。‎ ‎2．With the development of science, more and more people are confused that whether_it_is_good_or_bad_to_make_robots.‎ 随着科学的发展，越来越多的人怀疑制造机器人究竟是好还是坏。‎ ‎3．Are robots going to take_the_place_of human beings?‎ 机器人将会代替人类吗？‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Sara was sitting alone in her armchair when she heard the doorbell rang. The robot, Harvey, wearing an apron, opened the door for the elegant guests. Hardly had they come in, when they favored the handsome haircut of Harvey, the new appearance of Sara's house and the smell of the delicious cuisine.‎ Recently, the government was testing out a household robot. As a bonus, Harvey came to Sara's home to accompany her. When she first saw him, she felt alarmed and wanted to leave it alone. One day, Sara mentioned her house was not beautiful. As a favor, Harvey bought her ‎ cushions, a carpet and bedding. It took him two days in all to decorate the house. As Sara turned around and admired the talent decoration made by Harvey, it assumed a new look. So happy was she that she called her friends up to visit her newlydesigned house framework.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．satisfaction (n.) 满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy (vt.) 使满足；使满意→satisfying &satisfactory (adj.) 令人满意的→satisfied (adj.) 满意的 ‎2．alarm (vt.) 使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 (n.) 警报；惊恐→alarmed (adj.) 担心的；害怕的 ‎3．sympathy (n.) 同情(心)→sympathetic (adj.) 同情的 ‎4．favor (n.) 喜爱；恩惠(vt.)喜爱；偏袒→favourable (adj.) 赞成的；有利的→favourite (adj.) 最喜爱的 ‎5．accompany (vt.) 陪伴；伴奏→company (n.) 陪伴；伴随；公司→companion (n.) 伙伴；伴侣；同伴 ‎6．declare (vt.) 宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration (n.) 宣言；公布 ‎7．talent (n.) 天才；特殊能力；才干→talented (adj.) 有才气的；有才能的 ‎8．affection (n.) 喜爱；爱；感情→affect (vt.) 影响；感动→effect (n.) 结果；作用；影响→effective (adj.) 有效果的 ‎9._obey (vt.&vi.) 服从；顺从→disobey (vt.&vi.) 不服从；违抗 ‎10．assessment (n.) 评价；评定→assess (vt.) 估价；评定→assessable (adj.) 可估价的；可征收的 ‎11．junior (adj.) 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 (n.) 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior (adj.) 年长的；资历较老的；地位较高的；高级的 (n.) 前辈；资历深者；年长者 ‎12．imagine (vt.) 想象→imaginary (adj.) 想象的→imagination (n.) 想象力→image (n.) 形象 ‎13．divorce (n.&vt.) 与……离婚→divorcee (n.) 离婚的人→divorced (adj.) 离婚的 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．test_out　　　　　 　　 　 　　试验；考验 ‎2．or_rather 更确切地说 ‎3．ring_up 给……打电话 ‎4．turn_around 转向；回转 ‎5．leave...alone 不管，别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 ‎6．set...aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)‎ ‎7．in_all 一共；总计 ‎8．be_bound_to_do 注定做……‎ ‎9．search_for 寻找 ‎10．compare...with 把……和……进行比较 ‎11．take_sth._seriously 认真对待某事 ‎12．prevent_sb._(from)_doing_sth. 阻止某人做某事 ‎13．have/feel_sympathy_for_sb. 同情某人 ‎14．have__a_talent_for... 有……的天分 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．more...than...“与其(说)……倒不如(说)……”‎ His name was Tony and he seemed more_like_a_human_than_a_machine (与其说像一台机器，倒不如说更像人)．(教材P11)‎ ‎2．there be/seems/stands...倒装句 As she turned around, there_stood (站在那儿) Gladys Claffern. (教材P11)‎ ‎3．It is/was...that/who...强调句结构 It_was_then_that (就是在那个时候) Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. (教材P12)‎ ‎4．have sb./sth. doing “容忍/允许某人/某物做某事”‎ But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have_women_falling_in_love_with_machines(允许女人与机器相爱)．(教材P12)‎ ‎5．have sth. done“让……被做”‎ Asimov began having_stories_published (发表小说) in science fiction magazines in 1939.(教材P16)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．It was going to be tested ________ by Larry's wife, Claire.‎ 答案：out　test out“试验；测验”。‎ ‎2．On the second morning Tony, ________ (wear) an apron, brought her breakfast.‎ 答案：wearing　Tony与wear之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎3．As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself ________ (smart) and her home more elegant.‎ 答案：smarter　由and及其后面的more elegant可知空处也应为比较级形式，故填smarter。‎ ‎4．As he was not allowed ________ (accompany) her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.‎ 答案：to accompany　allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，此处考查其被动语态。‎ ‎5．Tony told her and suggested that she ________ (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house.‎ 答案：(should) invite　suggest后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，构成为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。‎ ‎6．She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed ________ (catch) her in time.‎ 答案：to catch　manage to do“设法做成某事”。‎ ‎7．She screamed, ________ (push) him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.‎ 答案：pushed　由and可知此处应为三个并列的谓语动词，且由screamed及ran可知为一般过去时，应填pushed。‎ ‎8．It was then ________ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front ‎ window.‎ 答案：that　该句为强调句型。强调部分为时间状语then，由强调句型句式结构可知应填that。‎ ‎9．Asimov's life began in Russia, ________ he was born on 2nd, January, 1920.‎ 答案：where　该句为定语从句，先行词为Russia，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎10．He is also well known ________ his collection of short stories.‎ 答案：for　be known for“因……而出名”。‎ ‎1　　desire　n．渴望；欲望；渴求　vt.希望得到；想要 Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires？(P11)‎ 你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？‎ ‎(1)have a strong desire ‎(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire＋that从句(从句谓语动词为：should＋do, should可以省略) ‎ ‎①[2014·湖北高考]Her motivation for writing was a_desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ 她写作的动机是渴望女性获得更高教育的机会。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]Fewer people desire_to_live in the north of the country.‎ 想住在这个国家北方的人更少。‎ ‎③We desire that immediate help (should)_be_given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.‎ 我们希望能立刻救援那些被洪水围困的当地村民们。‎ ‎2　　favour　n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；优惠　vt.喜爱；偏袒 As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.(P11)‎ 托尼为了让克莱尔高兴起来，答应帮助她变得漂亮，使她的家变得高雅大方。‎ ‎(1)ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 owe sb. a favour 欠某人的人情 ‎(2)in favour of 赞同；支持 in one's favour 有利于某人 ‎①[2015·重庆高考]You've introduced two ways to share books: wild release and controlled release. Of the two, the latter wins my favor.‎ 您介绍了两种分享图书的方式：自由分享和定向分享。在这两者之中，我喜欢后者。‎ ‎②[2014·辽宁高考]More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can write more notes.‎ 越来越多的学生喜欢用电脑记笔记，因为他们能记录更多的内容。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]Could you do_me_a_favor and pick up Sam from school today?‎ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？‎ 注：favor和favour两种拼写方法均可。‎ ‎3　　accompany　vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.(P11)‎ 她不允许他陪她去商店，因此他为她列了一个物品清单。‎ ‎(1)accompany sb.＝keep sb. company 陪伴某人 accompany sb. to someplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地 ‎(2)accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏 be accompanied by 由……伴奏/伴随 ‎(3)companion n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎①[牛津词典]His wife accompanied_him on the trip.‎ 那次旅行他由妻子陪同。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]Children under 14 must be_accompanied_by an adult.‎ ‎14岁以下儿童必须有成人陪同。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]My sister has come from America to keep_me_company during my illness.‎ 我妹妹从美国回来了，在我生病期间陪我。‎ ‎4　　sympathy　n．同情(心)‎ Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.(P11)‎ 克莱尔觉得机器人向她表示同情有点荒唐可笑。‎ ‎①[2014·重庆高考]All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.‎ 突然，我的心中涌起一股同情的暖流。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]I have_a_lot_of_sympathy_for her; she had to bring up the children on her own.‎ 我非常同情她——她得独自把孩子抚养成人。‎ ‎③Out_of_sympathy with the beggar, I gave him five dollars.‎ 出于对乞丐的同情，我给了他5美元。‎ ‎5　　declare　vt.宣布；宣告；声明；宣称 She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(P11)‎ 她大叫“托尼”，接着她就听到托尼郑重地说第二天他不想离开她，并且他感到这样做不仅仅只是想让她开心。‎ ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]All the kids declared something they could do away with for the week.‎ 我的孩子们都宣布了这周他们可以不要哪些东西。‎ ‎②[2013·辽宁高考]Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情绪的) attitudes.‎ 一些科学家声明，我们的大部分疲劳来自于我们的精神和情感态度。‎ 易混辨析 declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布、宣告、声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等，往往带有权威性。后面可跟复合宾语 announce 指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。需要接间接宾语时，要在间接宾语前加to ‎③[一言辨异]Our country has declared against any war between the two countries, which will be announced to the nation.‎ 我们国家已经声明反对两国间的任何战争，而且将会对全民宣布。‎ ‎④选词填空(declare/announce)‎ a．We have time and time again ________ that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.‎ b．It was ________ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.‎ 答案：a.declared　b．announced ‎6　　envy　n．& vt.忌妒；羡慕 What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！(P12)‎ 受到那些女士的忌妒该是多么甜美的胜利！‎ ‎(1)envy sb. sth./doing sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人某物/做某事 ‎(2)become/be the envy of... 成为……忌妒(或羡慕)的对象 feel envy at... 对……忌妒 out of envy/with envy 出于忌妒/羡慕地 ‎(3)envious adj. 羡慕的，忌妒的 be envious of 忌妒 ‎①[2013·四川高考]I really envy_you.‎ 我真的很羡慕你。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]He envied_Rosalind_her_youth_and_strength.‎ 他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和活力。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]You know, my English has become_my_classmates'_envy with your help.‎ 你知道，在你的帮助下，我的英语备受同学们羡慕。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]The law passed in Michigan ________ (declare) too late.‎ 答案：was declared　分析句子结构知，空处作谓语，且The law与declare之间为被动关系，结合too late知用一般过去时。句意：密歇根通过的这项法律被宣告的太晚了。‎ ‎2．[2014·江苏高考]However, others are in favor ________ the inclusion because it's hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.‎ 答案：of　in favor of“赞成；支持”。‎ ‎3．[2013·辽宁高考]Great weather ________ (accompany) my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.‎ 答案：accompanied　句意：好天气伴随着我的大采购。我立即跳上自行车向家赶去。由句意及jumped可知此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．[2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ]I'm writing to ask you to ________ me a favor.‎ 答案：do　do sb. a favor “帮某人一个忙”。‎ ‎5．[2014·福建高考]If you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your ________ (desire) but a lack of ________ (desire)．‎ 答案：desires; desires　句意：如果你不满足，问题不是缺少满足你欲望的方法，而是你根本就没有欲望。结合句意知，两空均填名词复数形式。‎ ‎6．I have great sympathy ________ people in trouble.‎ 答案：for　have sympathy for sb.“同情某人”。句意：我对那些处于困境中的人们充满同情。‎ ‎7．The teacher desired that all the exercises ________ (hand) in before school was over.‎ 答案：(should) be handed　句意：老师要求放学前把所有练习交上来。desire后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，构成为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。且all the exercises与hand之间为被动关系。‎ ‎8．Many people were ________ (alarm) at the end of the world on 21st, December, 2012.‎ 答案：alarmed　句意：在2012年12月21日那天，很多人对世界末日感到担心。alarmed“担心的；害怕的”。‎ ‎9．To everybody's surprise, they got ________ (divorce) last month, though they had been ‎ married for only two months.‎ 答案：divorced　get divorced “离婚”。‎ ‎10．Everyone knows she is a ________ girl who has a ________ for singing.(talent)‎ 答案：talented; talent　句意：每个人都知道她是一个对唱歌有天赋的女孩。talented adj.“有天赋的”；have a talent for“对……有天赋”。‎ ‎1　　leave...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. (P12)‎ 她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。‎ ‎①[朗文词典]Leave_the_boy_alone,_he can make up his own mind.‎ 不要去打扰这孩子，他会自己作决定的。‎ ‎②[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Then they said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can that had been left_out on the footpath.‎ 他们说他们在遗漏在乡间小路上的垃圾桶里发现一叠文件。‎ ‎③[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]I left_for the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees.‎ 我动身去了充满温暖和维生素C的土地，想着海滩和橘子树。‎ ‎2　　set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)‎ He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.(P13)‎ 当他的老板说他可以留出一些时间进行锻炼时，他感到高兴。‎ ‎①[2013·湖北高考]In much of the animal world, night is the time set__aside for sleep—pure and simple.‎ 在大部分动物世界里，夜晚完全是被留出用于睡觉的时间——纯粹而简单。‎ ‎②[2015·陕西高考]You will be anxious if you set_out for a dinner late.‎ 如果你动身去参加宴会迟了的话，你会感到焦虑。‎ ‎③[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]You can set_up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ 你可以在比赛前剩下的几周里制定一个时间表。‎ ‎④[2014·陕西高考]Ralph. W. Emerson would always set_down new ideas that occurred to him.‎ Ralph. W. Emerson过去常会把突然想出的主意记下来。‎ ‎3　　ring up 给……打电话 When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. (P11)‎ 柜台售货员对她很粗鲁，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼讲话。‎ ‎(1)call sb./telephone sb./phone sb. /give sb. a call/give sb. a ring 给某人打电话 ‎(2)ring back 回电话 ‎(3)ring off/hang up 挂断电话 ‎(4)hold on 别挂断 ‎①[朗文词典]I rang_up and made an appointment.‎ 我打电话预约了一下。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]He rang_off before I could explain.‎ 我还未来得及解释他就挂了电话。‎ ‎③Can you hold_on? I'll see if the manager is in the office.‎ 先别挂电话好吗？我去看看经理在不在办公室。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 turn around； be bound to； set aside； ring up； leave alone； or rather； reach for； fall in love with ‎1．I try to ________ some time to help my mother do the housework.‎ 答案：set aside ‎2．Someone had called, so he had to walk ________ run to the office.‎ 答案：or rather ‎3．I've been trying to ________ all day and I couldn't get through.‎ 答案：ring up ‎4．[2013·山东高考]At first, I just wanted to get my degree and ________.‎ 答案：be left alone ‎5．Don't lie to her; she ________ find out about it.‎ 答案：is bound to ‎6．He quickly ________ when he heard someone asking for help behind him.‎ 答案：turned around ‎7．I ________ this house the moment I saw it.‎ 答案：fell in love with ‎8．I stopped him before he ________ the gun.‎ 答案：reached for ‎1　　But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt－you cannot have_women_falling_in_love_with_machines.(P12)‎ 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得受一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。‎ have 在此为使役动词，意为“使……，让……”。常用结构如下：‎ ‎(1)have sb./sth. doing“让……不停地做(某事处于某种状态)”；用于否定句中，have表示“容忍、容许”之意。‎ ‎(2)have sth. done 表示“请某人做某事”，或“遭遇到某事”(宾语与宾补为被动关系)‎ ‎(3)have sb. do让某人做……(指一次性的具体的动作)，其中do前面不能带to。‎ ‎(4)have sth. to do，这一结构中have 意为“有”，即“有某事要做”，不定式作定语。主动表被动。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·浙江高考]Such random acts of consideration will have_your_neighbours_talking—and the talk will be good. ‎ 这种无意的关心的行为将会让你的邻居们谈话，这种谈话将会是有益的。‎ ‎②It's important to have_your_eyes_examined regularly.‎ 定期检查眼睛是非常重要的。‎ ‎③I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday.‎ 昨天我让玛丽打扫我的卧室。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust ________ (test) or violated.‎ 答案：tested　have sth. done“让某事被做”，故应填tested, violated也是提示。‎ ‎2．[2013·安徽高考]If you have something awful ________ (say), have the courage to face the person and say it.‎ 答案：to say　句意：如果你有些极坏的话要说，那么，鼓足勇气去面对这个人并且说出来。结合句意知应填不定式。‎ ‎3．I'll have someone ________ (repair) the bike for you.‎ 答案：repair　句意：我会让人为你修理自行车的。have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，指一次性的具体的动作。‎ ‎4．The patient is going to have his temperature ________ (take)．‎ 答案：taken　句意：这个病人准备让人量体温。have sth. done在此句中意为“请人做某事”。‎ ‎5．[2015·四川高考]There were times I would have the groundhog ________ (sit) next to a ‎ rabbit, both munching (津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots.‎ 答案：sitting　have sb./sth. doing“让某人/物一直……(或处于某种状态)”。‎ Ⅱ.翻译句子 ‎1．昨天，这位女士的手提包被抢了。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：The woman had her handbag robbed yesterday.‎ ‎2．我们不允许你们在考试中作弊。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：We won't have you cheating in the exam.‎ ‎3．星期一老师让玛丽打扫了教室。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：The teacher had Mary clean the classroom on Monday.‎ 复习被动语态(包括to do 不定式)‎ 谓语动词的被动语态 ‎1．其构成为“be＋done”，不同时态体现在助动词be上 The magazine is published in Shanghai.‎ ‎2．含情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词＋be＋done”‎ It is required that the work (should) be finished (finish) in a week.‎ ‎3．短语动词的被动语态中，短语动词为一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词 The spelling of the word “expect” must be paid attention to.‎ to do 不定式的被动形式 ‎1．to do 不定式一般式的被动形式为“to be done”‎ We have had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done (do) to achieve the final access.‎ ‎2．to do 不定式完成式的被动形式为“to have been done”表示此动作发生在谓语动词之前 Look at the pride on Tom's face. He seems to have been praised (praise)by the manager just now.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·四川高考]More expressways ________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ 答案：will be built　句意：四川将很快修建更多的高速公路以促进地方经济(的发展)。考查一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎2．[2013·四川高考]The airport ________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.‎ 答案：to be ‎ completed　句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。不定式作定语时表将来，且机场应是“被建成”，故用to be completed。‎ ‎3．[2015·湖北高考]The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project ________ (finish) by the students independently.‎ 答案：had been finished　分析可知finish这个动作发生在was delighted to find之前，应用过去完成时，又因project和finish之间是被动关系，故用had been finished。‎ ‎4．The dictionary is said to ________ (translate) into many languages.‎ 答案：have been translated　句意：据说这本字典被译成很多种语言。translate动作发生在is said之前，应用不定式的完成式，且dictionary与translate之间存在被动关系，故用不定式完成式的被动形式。‎ ‎5．[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.‎ 答案：is found　句意：除非我们能再弄到些钱，否则剧院将关闭。当主句为一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时表示将来。money和find之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎