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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．mat n． 席子；垫子
2．quilt n. 被子；棉被
3．beast n. 野兽
4．radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的
5．academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校
6．pulse n. 脉搏；节拍
vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动
7．craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作
8．identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别
9．wrinkle n. 皱纹
10．seashell n. 海贝壳
11．acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；
深刻的
12．accelerate vi.& vt. 加速；促进
13．ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
14．primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．alternative n. 可能的选择
adj. 供选择的；其他的
2．regardless adv. 不管；不顾
3．somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
4．skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的
(〈美〉skillful)
5．arrest vt.& n. 逮捕；吸引；拘留
6．delete vt. 删；删除
7．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；使人发晕
或困惑的
8．album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片
9．applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
10．kindergarten n. 幼儿园
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别→identification n．辨认；鉴定→identity n．身份；一致；同一性
2．starve vi.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．挨饿；饿死
3．accurate adj.准确的；精确的→accurately adv.准确地；精确地→accuracy n．精确；准确
4．interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption n．打断；打岔；中止
5．assume vt.假定；设想→assuming conj.假设→assumption n．设想；假定；担任
6．sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen vi.& vt. (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖→sharpener n．磨具；削具；铅笔刀
7．mess n．凌乱；脏→messy adj.凌乱的；脏的
8．analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析→analyses pl.
9．ripe adj.成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.使……成熟；成熟
10．significant adj.重要的→significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
11．botany n．植物学→botanical adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的
12．divide v．分开；分割；划分→division n．划分；分割；分配；分界线
1.v.ing形式的介词小结
①assuming 假设；假定
②considering 鉴于；考虑到
③including 包含；包括
④supposing 假设；假如
⑤concerning 关于
2.多种“选择”供你选
①alternative n． 可能的选择
②optional adj. 可选择的
③choice n. 选择
④choose v. 选择
⑤select v. 挑选
3.cy 后缀名词速记
①accuracy 准确；精确
②efficiency 效率；效能
③fluency 流畅；流利
④emergency 紧急情况
⑤tendency 倾向；趋势
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．regardless__of 不管；不顾
2．at__most 至多；最多
3．cut__up 切碎；伤心
4．fed__up__with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5．look__ahead 向前看；为将来打算
6．date__back__(to)__ 追溯到；始于
7．keep__out 关在门外；不准入内
8．be__aware__of 知道
9．scare__away 把……吓跑
10．with/in__relief 轻松地；如释重负地
1.无被动语态的动词短语聚焦
①date from/back to 追溯到
②belong to 属于
③consist of 由……组成
④come true 变成现实
⑤take place 发生
⑥break out 爆发
2.“at＋...”短语荟萃
①at most 至多；最多
②at least 至少
③at present 目前；现在
④at first 起初
⑤at work 在工作
⑥at ease 自由自在地
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引导非限制性定语从句
Yes, indeed, __as__the__botanical__analyses__have__shown__us,__all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 是的，很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。
句型2：if only ... 要是……就好了
If__only__she__had__looked__ahead__and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
句型3：had just/almost done sth. when...刚做/快要做某事这时……
She__had__almost__reached__her__destination__when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，让她止住了脚步，停了下来。
句型4：only to do sth.作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况
Abruptly she sat down, only__to__be__scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. 她突然坐了下来，结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．At our hotel, services are available to all, regardless(不管) of income or social status.
2．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen(成熟)．
3．As we all know, most of us students feel somehow(不知怎么地) nervous whenever we’re taking an important exam.
4．The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative (可能的选择) to communicate with others.
5．He was arrested(arrest) for spreading rumors on the Internet.
6. (2019·江苏卷)Humankind paid for its broad vision and__skillful(skill) hands with backaches and painful necks.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ七选五)You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.足够的；充足的
2．(2019·天津卷阅读A)What would a participant have to do with an essay of
1，500 words to meet the category requirement? 类别；种类
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 唱片
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Assuming that you are the guide of the foreigners who are to visit our school, how would you prepare for your assumption as the guide? (assume)
2．The kid made a mess in the living room, so his mother asked him to clean out the messy living room quickly. (mess)
3．The scientists think his invention is of great significance,__because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease. (significant)
4．The candies were divided out among all the kids, but they could not agree upon the division of them. (divide)
5．While calculating the maths problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy of the numbers, or you can’t figure it out accurately. (accurate)
6．If you interrupt others’ conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption. (interrupt)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
regardless of; look ahead; date back to; make a fortune; have no alternative but to (do sth.); be fed up with; at most
This incident 1.dates__back__to five years ago, when he 2.was__fed__up__with__study. He left home alone and 3.regardless__of objection from his family, assuming that he could 4.make__a__fortune. He had 5.at__most 1，000 yuan on him and got to Shanghai, only to find he could do nothing. He 6.had__no__alternative__but__to steal and rob and was arrested at last. Now he regrets what he did! He has made up his mind to 7.look__ahead and start a new life.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)众所周知，中国人非常重视餐桌礼仪。
As__is__known__to__all,__Chinese people attach great significance to good table manners.
2．今年春节全家能团圆就好了！
If__only__the__whole__family__could__be__united during the Spring Festival this year!
3．他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。
He hurried to the theatre, only__to__be__told that the tickets had been sold
out.
4．他刚上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。
He had__just__gone__to__bed__when the telephone rang.
alternative adj.供选择的；其他的 n．可能的选择；选择对象
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had put forward was not accepted.
②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating(communicate) with others.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
(高级表达)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no__alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
(1)have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代物(to是介词)
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
[佳句背诵] I’m afraid I have no alternative but to wait until my parents finally agree to my plan.
恐怕我别无选择，只好等待父母同意我的计划。
[联想发散] “别无选择只好做某事”短语：
①have__no__choice__but__to__do__sth.；②can’t__do__sth.but__do__sth.；③can__do__nothing__but__do__sth.．
interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He was writing a poem when he was__interrupted (interrupt) by a knock at the door.
②(2018·北京卷书面表达)To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, I introduced the history of teamaking to them for several hours without
interruption(interrupt)．
③Being a badtempered man, he wouldn’t tolerate having his lectures__interrupted(interrupt)．
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)
(以某事)打断某人/某事
(2)interruption n. 打扰，插嘴，打岔；阻断物
without interruption 连续地，不断地
[佳句背诵] Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
assume vt.假定，认为；设想
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)It is wrong to__assume(assume) arts groups cannot make a profit.
②Assuming(assume) you are right, we’ll make a great deal of money from the project.
③A lot of people make the assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④假定我当选为北京冬奥会的志愿者，我将全心全意为人民服务。
Assuming__that__I__am__chosen__to__be__a__volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定某人/某事为
It is assumed that... 一般认为……
(2)assumption n． 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为，假定
On the assumption that... 假定……
(3)assume/assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
[佳句背诵] It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. 人们认为全球变暖和气候变化在将来还会导致更多的灾难。
significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance(significant) to the students’ growth.
②It is significant(significance) that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)You’d better arrive ahead of time, which is very important to show your politeness. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
(高级表达)You’d better arrive ahead of time, which is of__great__significance to show your politeness.
(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to...
对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to
认为……(很)重要
(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的
be significant for 对……是重要的
[佳句背诵] Only then did he realize the significance of protecting the environment.
只有在那时他才意识到保护环境的重要性。
regardless of 不管；不顾
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) ...whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Despite/In__spite__of__the__rain(尽管下雨), we can still take part in physical activities in the stadium.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(江苏卷书面表达)除此之外，网络使调查和投票无论在时间上还是空间上变得容易、方便了。
In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless__of__time__and__space．
(1)regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后
果和代价)
(2)despite＝in spite of 尽管；不管；虽然
(后常接名词，不接从句)
(3)with regard to 关于；至于
[佳句背诵] You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless of other people’s feelings.
如果你想说什么就说什么，而不管别人怎么想，你会伤害别人的。
date back (to...) 追溯(到……)；始于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As far as I know, the old town dates(date) back to the late seventeenth century.
②Dating(date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·北京卷书面表达)中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
③Chinese teadrinking culture has a long history which dates__from/back__to__more__than__1，000__years__ago．(定语从句)
④Chinese teadrinking culture has a long history dating__from/back__to__more__than__1，000__years__ago．(分词作定语)
(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到……
(2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的
up to date 最近的，新式的，
现代的
[佳句背诵] According to the expert，the temple has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。
[名师点津] date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
if only... 要是……就好了
(教材P43)If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！ 她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①If only we had__made(make) full use of time to make good preparations for the
best.
②Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.If only I had(have) a warm and harmonious family.
③If only we all would__do(do) a good job in the coming college entrance examination.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。要是我生活在他的时代，听从他的教导就好了！
In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college.If__only__I__had__lived__in__his times and listened to his guidance！
if only...常用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
(1)if only...had done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望；
(2)if only...did...表示对与现在事实相反的愿望；
(3)if only...could/would/might do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。
[佳句背诵] If only I could live in a world free of air pollution.
我要是能生活在一个没有空气污染的世界就好了。
[名师点津] only if意为“只要；只有”，引导条件状语从句。另外，only if位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
only to do sth.作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况
(教材P43)Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下来，结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I hurried to the post office only to__find(find) it closed.
②The librarians actively collected the books of the world，accelerating(accelerate) the spread of knowledge.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他为面试做了充分的准备，却被告知面试取消了。
He made full preparations for the interview, only__to__be__told__it__was__cancelled．
(1)only to do 是不定式作结果状语，意为“不料， 结果却”， 表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。
(2)现在分词短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。
[佳句背诵] He hurried to the stadium without supper，only to be told the football match was cancelled.
他没吃晚饭，急匆匆地到达体育馆，却被告知足球赛取消了。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．The room is so__messy(mess) because I can hardly spare time to clear it up thoroughly.
2．The more we are aware of the significance (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
3．As the old saying goes，“A workman must sharpen (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
4．She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to educating(educate) them.
5．(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide__starvation(starve)．
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．She had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.
2．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to__wait(wait)．
3．Forest elephants, as the name suggests, live in tropical forests and have straight trunks and rounded ears.
4．I’m fed up with this uncomfortable weather; it’s high time we had/should__have(have) some sunshine.
5．Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with relief.
6．To make the soup, you should first cut__up some carrots and beef into small pieces and then put them into the pot.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Thank you for allowing me to describe the situation, where I had no alternative but give up the plan.
在but后加to
2．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good
harvest.Assumed→Assuming
3．The audience evidently liked the play because they applaud for two minutes at the end of it.
applaud→applauded
4．I’m very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you.删除with
5．The conference to be held in Beijing is of great significant.significant→significance
6．As we can see it in the picture, the boy is so worried about the coming exam that he feels sick.删除it
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月 七选五)After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. __adv.在现场直播
2．(2019·浙江卷6月七选五)John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year. v．选中，评为
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)Here she picks her top reads. n．好的读物，好书
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)The likables’ playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. v．发掘，利用
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 )
The contest took place in Vancouver.The players displayed their 1.skills(skill) to the fullest.All my attention 2.was__arrested(arrest) by the No.23 player, who took the lead soon after the contest started.Suddenly it seemed that something 3.interrupted(interrupt) him, and he must meet a tough problem.However，he was 4.an acute competitor. After deleting some puzzling instructions, he managed 5.to__accelerate(accelerate) the progress.The audience burst out 6.applauding(applaud) when he was the first to finish the breaking. 7.Assuming(assume) that you are interested in hacking, you might as well try your hand next time after 8.sharpening(sharpen) your skills.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你所在班级对是否应该耗费精力和时间考古进行了辩论。你写信给你的好友Jack介绍此次辩论，内容如下：①辩论内容和你的观点；②古代文明的贡献和意义。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信告诉你我们班对是否应该耗费精力和时间考古进行的辩论。
I’m writing to share__with__you__the__debate about whether time and energy should be spent on archaeological__work__in__our__class．
②我赞成研究古代文明的这一观点。
I__applaud__for__the__view__that we should do research on the ancient civilization.
③众所周知，古人利用石器制作工具和钻木取火产生了今天的文明。
As is known, the__ancient__people’s__using__stones__to__make__tools__and__drilling__woods__to__make__fire__bring__about__today’s__civilization．
④有许多令人惊异的发明源自古代。
There are many amazing inventions that__date__back__to__the__ancient__times．
⑤要是我们能查明他们如何形成的就好了，这对现在的生活意义重大。
If__only__we__could__find__out__how__they__came__into__being,__and it will be__of__great__significance__to today’s life.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用强调句式升级句③
As__is__known,__it__is__the__ancient__people’s__using__stones__to__make__tools__and__drilling__woods__to__make__fire__that__bring__about__today’s__civilization.
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句⑤
If__only__we__could__find__out__how__they__came__into__being,__which__will__be__of__great__significance__to__today’s__life.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：personally, first of all, more importantly)
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One possible version：
Dear Jack，
I’m writing to share with you the debate about whether time and energy should be spent on archaeological work in our class.
Personally, I applaud for the view that we should do research on the ancient civilization. First of all, as is known, it is the ancient people’s using stones to make tools and drilling woods to make fire that bring about today’s civilization. More importantly, there are many amazing inventions that date back to the ancient times.
If only we could find out how they came into being, which will be of great significance to today’s life.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi. However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．
Brothers Shawn and Caid Sellers and their cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “I thought it was a log，” Caid said. “I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it.” The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone.
“They didn’t expect to find that，” Michael’s mom said. “Now they believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what they’re digging up when they are digging and playing.”
“We’ve gotten a lot of petrified(石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that’s what I thought it was，” the brothers’ mother said. “This is our first set of teeth we’ve found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination.”
They were exploring near the brothers’ home. It’s surprising that they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of paleontology(古生物学负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual”．
The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths(猛犸)．
【解题导语】 美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸。他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用。
1．How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon?
A．With great efforts. B．By chance.
C．Instructed by an expert. D．Through imagination.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Three boys were enjoying themselves...discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．”可知，他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现乳齿象的下颌骨的。
2．The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it ________．
A．helps people to know more about the Civil War
B．teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundings
C．promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures
D．attracts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“who first identified the bone as a ‘very mature individual’”并结合倒数第一段可知，乳齿象下颌骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the article?
A．Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi
B．Not Petrified Wood nor Civil War Relics
C．First Identifying Bone as a “Very Mature Individual”
D．Unexpectedly Discovering Mastodon Jawbone
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章其他内容可知，美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用，故D项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2020·安徽六校联考)The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they
agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside force—were deciding their lives. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic(悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a 4year college education in order to be successful.
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective highschool education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项民意测验表明，美国人现在不像以前那么相信美国梦了，有一半多的美国人认为不接受大学教育也可以成功。
4．It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ________．
A．a sense of drive and purpose
B．an advanced academic degree
C．a firm belief in his or her dream
D．an ambition to get ahead
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，过去在美国，
人们通常认为一个人要成功必须获得大学教育、有大学文凭。故正确答案为B。
5．What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?
A．More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.
B．It remains alive among the majority of American people.
C．An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.
D．Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，这次民意调查发现在过去的几十年里，美国人对美国梦的看法已经改变了。故正确答案为D。
6．What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?
A．It still remains open to debate.
B．It has proved to be beyond doubt.
C．It is much better understood now than ever.
D．It is no longer as important as it used to be.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，现在美国人对大学教育能引领成功这一看法越来越悲观，有一半多的美国人认为成功并不需要大学教育。由此可知，现在美国人认为大学教育对于成功来说并不像过去那么重要。故正确答案为D。
7．How do some people view college education these days?
A．It helps broaden their minds.
B．It needs to be strengthened.
C．It widens cultural diversity.
D．It promotes gender equality.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可推知，如今一些人认为大学教育能帮助扩展他们的视野。故正确答案为A。
【难句分析】 Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干为Miguel Maeda was the first in his family to go to college。其中Miguel Maeda为主句的主语，系动词was是主句的谓语动词，the
first in his family to go to college是主句中的表语。who has a master’s degree and works in public health是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Miguel Maeda，补充说明主语的情况，关系代词who在定语从句中充当主语。which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability也是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代主句的内容，在定语从句中作主语。his parents and grandparents never did是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a sense of financial stability，因为关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语，所以省略了关系代词which/that，而且该定语从句为了避免重复，所以用did代替动词achieved。
译文：米格尔·马埃达，42岁，拥有硕士学位，从事公共卫生工作。他是家中第一个上大学的人，这使他有了一种经济稳定的感觉，这是他的父母和祖父母从未有过的。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·黑龙江六校一模)Education is as important as the air everyone breathes. It is the most valuable possession a person must have. 1.________， you certainly need to get educated. Education is a must for a promising and secure future and a stable life.
Your educational degree is considered as a proof of your knowledge by many. If you are educated you have more chances of being heard and taken seriously. Generally, an uneducated man will find it harder to express his views and opinions owning to lack of confidence. 2.________．
Moreover, education is of great help if you want to be a selfdependent person. And it benefits you in a lot of aspects in the life. 3.________. You can guarantee stability in finance because of landing the good career.
4．________， education is a necessity. It contributes to doing away with the existing differences between different social classes. It opens a whole world of opportunities for the poor so that they may have an equal shot at wellpaid jobs. Education also has a major role in women employment.
We all live in a society which has its own set spoken or unspoken rules and one of them is education. The society expects you to go to school followed by college, get a job etc. 5.________. An educated person certainly has a greater chance to make contributions to his community, and participate in the ongoing changes and developments of the society.
A．Education gives you confidence to express your voice
B．The more educated you are, the better options you have
C．To enjoy happiness and other good things society offers
D．If you want to see society as a just and harmonious place
E．Education is a factor that contributes to the community’s peace
F．Educated people will get wellpaid jobs based on more options
G．In fact, education helps you become a useful member of society
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，作者从几个方面讲述了教育的重要性。
1．C 解析：依据下文中的“Education is a must for a promising and secure future and a stable life.”和下面各段对教育作用的说明可知，空处总结说明教育的作用：能让人享有幸福和美好事物。
2．A 解析：依据空前提到的没有受过教育的人的情况“Generally, an uneducated man will find it harder to express his views and opinions owning to lack of confidence.”可知，空处应与之对比，讲述教育能赋予人表达自己观点的自信，故选A项。
3．F 解析：依据空后的“You can guarantee stability in finance because of landing the good career.”可知，空处是教育和工作的关系，也就是“受过教育的人有更多机会找到高薪的工作”。
4．D 解析：本段主要讲教育有助于消除社会不公平，为贫困的人提供获得高薪工作的机会。空处所在句总领该段内容，即如果你想要社会公正、和谐，教育是必需的。
5．G 解析：前一句说“社会期望你上学，然后上大学，工作等”， 下文说受教育者更有可能为社会做出贡献，故G项“实际上，教育可以帮你成为社会中有用的一员”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·豫南九校联考)Throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. Apart 1.____________ protection against the weather, clothes were also often used 2.____________(show) the wearer’s status and wealth. Over the years, many fashions in clothing have come and gone. While some of these have been popular for relatively short 3.____________(period), others have lasted longer.
Until the first half of the 20th century, the ability to follow fashion was limited to those 4.____________ had the money to do so. But following fashion did not only demand money, it also required large amounts of time. Wealthy people took fashion very 5.____________(serious) and close attention had to 6.____________(pay) to details. Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions 7.____________(be) very important, despite the fact that this often meant 8.____________(change) clothes five or six times a day.
More recently, fashionable clothes have come within the reach of ordinary people. The 9.____________(tradition) methods of dressmaking, which usually involved sewing by hand, were both costly and slow. But today’s clothing industry has made
10.____________ easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了时尚服装由最初的仅在有钱人中盛行到逐步进入普通人的生活的发展历程。
1．from 解析：考查介词。句意：除了抵御天气(的影响)，衣服还经常被用来显示穿衣者的地位和财富。apart from为固定搭配，意为“除了”，故填from。
2．to show 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”，故填to show。
3．periods 解析：考查名词的数。句意：其中一些流行的时间相对较短，而另一些持续时间较长。period表示“一段时间；阶段；周期”时是可数名词，此处表示复数概念，应用复数形式，故填periods。
4．who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：直到20世纪上半叶，追随时尚的能力只限于那些有钱人。先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以填who。
5．seriously 解析：考查词性转换。句意：富人对时尚非常重视，他们对细节的关注非常密切。设空处修饰动词took，应用副词，take sth. seriously意为“认真对待某事；重视某事”。故填seriously。
6．be paid 解析：考查动词的语态。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，pay与close attention之间是被动关系，应用被动形式，且have to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“不得不做某事”，故填be paid。
7．was 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在不同场合穿合适的衣服非常重要，尽管这通常意味着每天要换五到六次衣服。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语，主语“Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions”为动名词短语，表示单数概念，故谓语应用单数形式，根据上下文时态可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填was。
8．changing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，本句中that后的从句已有谓语动词meant，设空处在句中作meant的宾语，且mean在此作“意味着”讲，后应跟动名词作宾语，故填changing。
9．traditional 解析：考查词性转换。句意：传统制衣方法通常需要手工缝纫，既昂贵又缓慢。设空处在句中修饰名词methods，应用形容词，故填traditional。
10．it 解析：考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动词不定式短语“to keep up with changes in fashion...”，设空处是形式宾语，故填it。
(建议用时：25分钟)
书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华， 你的英国朋友Tim想在寒假时到中国旅游， 于是发邮件向你征求建议。请你回复一封邮件， 内容包括：
1．推荐一个旅游城市；
2．给出推荐的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tim，
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear__Tim，
Knowing that you’ll visit China in the coming winter holiday, I’m writing to give you some suggestions on your trip.
I recommend the capital city, Beijing, to you, for it is an amazing city with a long history and a variety of places of interest. You may first go to Tian’anmen Square, where many tourists admire the national flag being raised every early morning.The next place that you can’t miss is the Great Wall, which is one of the great wonders in the world. The Palace Museum and the Summer Palace are well worth visiting, too. Besides, the local snacks will surely be appealing to you.
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful.
Yours__sincerely，
Li__Hua
(建议用时：25分钟)
书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华， 在英文报纸Changjiang Weekly上读到了以下招募启事。请在阅读启事后写一封应征邮件。
Volunteers Wanted
The 7th CISM Military World Games, which will be held on Oct.18th till 27th, 2019 in Wuhan, is now looking for 100 student volunteers to provide service for the activity and 8, 000 competitors from all over the world. Those who are socially active and good at spoken English will be especially welcome. If you are interested, please send an email to the editor.
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear editor，
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Yours truly，
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear__editor，
I’m Li Hua. I’ve learned from Changjiang Weekly that 100 student volunteers are wanted and I really want to seize this opportunity to become one of them. For one thing, I have such a good command of English that I can communicate freely with the participants in English. Additionally, I’m a crazy fan of sports, which enables me to share something in common with the participants so that I will get along well with them. As an outgoing and helpful girl, I’m always willing to give a helping hand to those in need. Having participated in several similar activities before,
I know well what to expect in the event and how to handle emergencies. I am sure that I’ll be qualified enough to live up to your expectations. I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours__truly，
Li__Hua
(建议用时：25分钟)
书面表达(满分25分)
最近，你班开展了“尊敬父母”的主题班会活动，请你根据以下提示为某中学生英语报写一则报道，内容要点如下：
1．活动目的；
2．不良现象及改进措施；
3．活动效果。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．报道必须包括所有内容要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version:
We have recently held a class meeting to discuss the importance of respecting our parents because it is one of the traditional Chinese virtues. As most students today are the only child in their family, they often regard themselves as the center of the family, without caring much about their parents. We have listed ten dos to respect our parents, such as remembering our parents’ birthdays, expressing our love and thanks to them, and greeting our parents when they return home.
The programme has been so successful that we have won praises from both social groups and our parents. It is believed that this is what we should have done earlier!
(建议用时：25分钟)
书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华， 你的英国笔友Robert最近给你发了一封内容如下的电子邮件， 请你根据邮件内容和写作要点给他回复一封邮件。
Dear Li Hua，
I am really upset at present. I had many friends， but now none of them want to talk to me. At lunchtime， nobody likes to share a table with me. I feel really puzzled and lonely. And I can’t understand why they’re trying to avoid me. Would you please give me some advice？ Thank you！
Robert
写作要点：1.对他的处境表示理解；
2.给他提出合理的建议；
3.表示愿意继续为他提供帮助。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear Robert，
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Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear__Robert，
I’m sorry to hear you have some trouble getting along with your friends. Here are some suggestions for you.
Firstly, you’d better find out what got you into such a mess, and then turn to your teachers or parents for advice. Secondly, why not open your mind to communicate with your friends frankly? It shows you really cherish the friendship and value their viewpoints. Besides, in your daily life, it’s wise to be ready to help your friends and the people around you. In this way, you can not only win back your old friends but also make some new ones.
I hope my suggestions can make a difference. I’ll continue to offer help if you need.
Sincerely__yours，
Li__Hua
(建议用时：25分钟)
书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tony下周将来你校开始他的国际交换生学习。他发邮件向你询问你校“尊师”传统的有关情况，请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．介绍教师节；
2．日常尊师体现。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tony，
I’m glad to learn you’re coming to my school
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Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear__Tony，
I’m__glad__to__learn__you’re__coming__to__my__school next week as an international exchange student. You are interested in how we typically show respect for our teachers and here is something detailed.
Firstly, it is on September 10th every year that all teachers and students gather in the school hall to celebrate Teachers’ Day, where by tradition Top Ten Teachers of the Year are selected to receive meaningful awards. Student representatives send gifts such as bunches of flowers, postcards to show our sincere gratitude and best wishes to our teachers. What’s more, we greet our teachers respectfully wherever
and whenever we meet them. Besides, we often take turns to help clean and tidy the teachers’ offices voluntarily.
I hope you’ll have a wonderful experience in our school.
Yours，
Li__Hua
(建议用时：25分钟)
书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华， 你校学生会组织学生下周六开展关爱自闭症儿童(children with autism)义演活动。请你给外教Shelly写一封邮件， 邀请她一同前往。内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．活动内容(现场表演、义卖等)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
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One possible version:
Dear Shelly,
I’d like to invite you to join us in an activity of caring for children with autism, which is to take place at Zhongshan Road next Saturday.Needless to say, there are a number of such special children around us who are incapable of communicating freely with others and need more people to take care of them.That day we will give performances like singing, dancing and playing musical instruments to draw attention to the children.In the meanwhile, some pretty works designed by us students will
be displayed for sale.The money collected will go to charity.We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon.If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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