专题05阅读理解Ⅲ-推理判断题（讲）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测 24页

www.ks5u.com ‎2017届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】‎ 专题5 阅读理解Ⅲ：推理判断题 ‎【构建知识体系】‎ 推理判断题 考点1 细节判断题 考点2文章来源题 考点3读者对象题 考点4观点态度题 考点5预测推断题 ‎2014-2016年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2014‎ 第一节 剑桥科技节的活动通知 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎6‎ ‎6‎ ‎2‎ 旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程 记叙文 向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍 议论文 学者对濒危语种进行记录拯救 记叙文 第二节 如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2015‎ 第一节 关于伦敦运河博物馆每月专题讲座安排的海报 应用文 ‎0‎ ‎9‎ ‎5‎ ‎1‎ 作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南部度假的感受 记叙文 记叙文 介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利艺术展的情况 法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。‎ 议论文 第二节 重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2016‎ 第一节 主要介绍了四位著名的女性的基本情况。‎ 说明文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ 主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势，同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。‎ 说明文 文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。‎ 记叙文 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同含义。‎ 说明文 第二节 主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。‎ 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2014-2016年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2014‎ A 以一个妻子的口吻讲述了发生在自己丈夫身上的故事。在丈夫丢失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。‎ 记叙文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ B 科普说明文 以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识—由无知到保护。借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出贡献。‎ C 美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于“aupair（住家保姆） from China”。透过现象揭示了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in Amercia”，暗示中国雄狮已经苏醒。‎ 社会文化类 D 地铁提示信息，包括时间、价格、失物招领等，同时也提到了老年人和残疾人需要注意的问题 广告应用类 ‎2015‎ A 我的彩电给我带来的头疼事：花的钱比广告上的多，而且机子是过时的，质量也有问题，最后只能花钱修。‎ 记叙文 ‎1‎ ‎5‎ ‎8‎ ‎1‎ B 减肥除了少吃之外，还和房间有关系：房子要明亮；勇冷色系会减少食欲；放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；用校的碗碟 科普说明文 C 越来越多即将上大学的学生选择“间隔年”‎ 社会现象议论类 ‎。有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更加成熟、更有责任感。但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。‎ D 从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。‎ 广告应用类比 ‎2016‎ A 主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演和歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、地点等。‎ 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ B 主要讲述了作者在上课的时候通过让学生们拼装玩具，从而发现并鼓励学生们的创造性思维的故事。‎ 记叙文 C 主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com建立的目的以及它是如何促进人们分享图书的。‎ 说明文 D 主要介绍了Frank用图片使一次失败的南极航海活动重新进入人们的视野，让人们能够了解这次航海的许多信息。‎ 记叙文 ‎2016年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2016‎ A 本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。‎ 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎10‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ B 文章通过作家Welty一次与朋友在外面吃饭的经历，讲述了小说中的人物大多都是来自现实生活。‎ 记叙文 C 介绍了苹果节的一些情况。‎ 说明文 D 讨论了新闻传播的规则，以及读者喜欢分享什么样的文章。‎ 议论文 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。‎ 考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。‎ 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。‎ ‎【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 ‎ ‎ A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860—1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. ‎ Rachel Carson(1907—1964)‎ If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution ‎ and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. ‎ Sandra Day O'Connor(1930—present)‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. ‎ Rosa Parks(1913—2005)‎ On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.‎ ‎24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A．They are highly educated. ‎ B．They are truly creative. ‎ C．They are pioneers. ‎ D．They are peacelovers.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了四位著名的女性的基本情况。‎ ‎24．C　推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ B Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”‎ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to ‎ one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. ‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. ‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I'm just not creative.”‎ ‎“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？”‎ ‎“Oh, sure.”‎ ‎“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That's pretty creative. Who does that for you？”‎ ‎“Nobody. I do it.”‎ ‎“Really—at night, when you're asleep？”‎ ‎“Sure.”‎ ‎“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay？”‎ ‎5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________．‎ A. know more about the students ‎ B. make the lessons more exciting ‎ C. raise the students' interest in art ‎ D. teach the students about toy design ‎6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. He liked to help his teacher. ‎ B. He preferred to study alone. ‎ C. He was active in class. ‎ D. He was imaginative. ‎ ‎6．D　推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.”可知，这个男孩是利用空闲时间拼装这些玩具的，并且根据本段的“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.”可知，这个男孩是一个很有想象力和创造力的孩子，因此选D。‎ ‎ ‎ D Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. ‎ ‎“The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communication—emails, Web posts and reviews, facetoface conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with ‎ others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.‎ ‎13. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A. They're socially inactive. ‎ B. They're good at telling stories. ‎ C. They're inconsiderate of others. ‎ D. They're careful with their words. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 这是一篇议论文，讨论了新闻传播的规则，以及读者喜欢分享什么样的文章。‎ ‎【高考预测】‎ 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考试题还会 ‎①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.7。‎ ‎②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。‎ ‎【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　‎ 考点一 细节判断题 ‎【例1】Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers -‎ ‎ some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”‎ A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.‎ ‎ The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.‎ ‎ (2015·全国卷Ⅰ，D)‎ ‎34. What are theme cafes expected to do?‎ A. Create more jobs.‎ B. Supply better drinks.‎ C. Save the cafe business.‎ D. Serve the neighborhood.‎ ‎35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?‎ A. They bring people true friendship.‎ B. They give people spiritual support.‎ C. They help people realize their dreams.‎ D. They offer a platform for business links.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎34. C ‎ ‎35. B ‎ 规律方法1： 如何解决细节判断题？‎ 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。‎ ‎【变式精练】‎ B【安徽师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期期中】‎ ‎“Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”‎ ‎ -----Albert Einstein ‎ If you have a kid with special needs in the school system, chances are you have come across that saying hanging on a classroom wall. My five-year-old daughter Syona has cerebral palsy (a medical condition affecting someone’s control over their movement ) and it means ,combined with her communication challenges and sight problems , that standard assessments (and by “standard”, I mean the ones used to ‎ assess kids with special needs ) aren’t always an accurate measure of her abilities.‎ ‎ By now you have probably heard about Chris Ulmer, the 26-year-old teacher in Jacksonville , Florida ,who starts his special education class by calling up each student individually to give them much admiration and a high-five (a gesture of greeting or congratulation ). I couldn’t help but be reminded of Syona’s teacher and how she supports each kid in a very similar way. Ulmer recently shared a video of his teaching experience. “I have seen their confidence and self-worth increase rapidly, ” he said . All I could think was: How lucky these students are to have such inspirational teachers. ‎ ‎ Syona’s teacher has an attitude that can best be summarized in one word: awesome. Her teacher doesn’t focus on what can’t be done—she focuses on what can be done. Over the past several months, my husband Dilip and I have seen Syona’s confidence increase tenfold. She uses words she wouldn’t have thought of using before. She recently told me about her classmate’s trip to Ecuador and was very proud when I understood her on the first try.‎ ‎ I actually wonder what the influence would be if we did something similar to what Ulmer does with his students in our home .We’ve recently started our day by reminding each other of the good qualities we all possess. If we are reminded of our strengths on a regular basis, we will become increasingly confident about progress and success. ‎ Ulmer’s reach as a teacher goes far beyond the walls of his classroom. In fact , he teaches all of us to take a moment and truly appreciate the strengths of an important person in our lives.‎ ‎24. What does the author think of Einstein’s quote?‎ A. Funny B. True C. Strange D. Confusing ‎26. Syona felt very pleased because_____.‎ A. she has developed a cool attitude B. her progress was appreciated by her parents C. her mother knew what she expressed D. she had been to Ecuador with her classmate ‎【名师点睛】‎ 推理判断题的解题方法 ：‎ 推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。‎ 下面介绍一些词义猜测题的解题技巧。‎ ‎1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。‎ ‎2.根据同位关系进行猜测 阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。‎ ‎3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测 在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and ‎ creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。‎ ‎4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测 根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。‎ 考点二 文章来源题 ‎【例2】The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert(警觉)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?‎ Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer？The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness？When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three？No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. (2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，B)‎ ‎63．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．Science fiction. B．Children’s literature.‎ C．An advertisement. D．A science report.‎ ‎【答案】D 规律方法2：如何解决文章来源题?‎ 做此类题目要求读者具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已具备的常识结合起来。做此类题目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸，前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；如果是广告，其格式很容易辨认；产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。‎ ‎【变式精练】‎ D【重庆市第十一中学2017届高三9月月考】‎ ‎ Professional footballers have worryingly poor teeth that could be affecting their performance on the football ground, say dentists. Their study on players at eight clubs in England and Wales, in the British Journal o f Sports Medicine, showed nearly 4 out of 10 had cavities （蛀牙) and that athletes often had worse teeth than the general population. Regularly taking sugary foods is one possible explanation.‎ ‎ The dentists, from the International Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health at University College London, examined 187 players' sets of teeth. They found 53% had dental erosion (腐蚀), 45% were bothered by the state of their teeth and 7% said it affected their ability to train or play. Around 40% had cavities, compared with 30% of people of a similar age in the general population.‎ ‎ Prof Ian Needleman, one of the researchers, said: "These are individuals who otherwise invest so much in themselves so it’s a surprising finding.‎ ‎ "There are two main groups - some have a catastrophic effect, they have very serious disease that stops them in their tracks and they cannot play or train.‎ ‎ "There’ll be others experiencing pain affecting sleep or sensitivity every time they take a drink. "‎ ‎ At this level of athlete, even small differences can be quite telling.‎ ‎ Nutrition is one of the primary suspects with having too many sugary or acidic foods during training potentially accounting for cavities and erosion. A lot of air in the mouth during exercise can also dry it out so there is less protection.‎ While these findings are worrying, clubs are attaching greater importance to ‎ dental health and educating their players. According to Stijin Vandenbroucke, head of medicine and sports science at West Ham United, oral health is an area where many athletes have greater problems than the general population and there are clear benefits of oral disease prevention for athletes and clubs.‎ ‎4. This passage is most probably taken from____.‎ ‎ A. a dentist's diary B. a sports newspaper C. a medicine magazine D. a science report 考点三 读者对象题 ‎【例3】A MENTORING(导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.‎ Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.‎ Alex Goldberg，the program’s founder，said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”‎ ‎“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example，we’ve secured internships(实习) with worldfamous firms such as Honda.”‎ ‎“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring，it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn,14，is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Youth Forum(论坛)．‎ The event was held for young people from around the world，to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I ‎ didn’t quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn’t stop，it was amazing，” he said，“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”‎ The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues(问题) such as drug abuse，violence and unemployment.‎ Kieran said：“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”‎ The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com. (2013·福建，E)‎ ‎71．The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to ________.‎ A．train staff for worldfamous firms B．offer job opportunities to young adults C．provide youth with unique experiences D．equip the unemployed with different skills ‎【答案】C 规律方法3：如何解决读者对象题？‎ 做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。‎ ‎【变式精练】 ‎ ‎【河北省保定市2017届高三11月摸底考试】‎ ‎ Why not create new memories to share with your children? Remember as a kid how thrilled you were to spend quality time outdoors with your family? Together in the fresh air, playing catch, fishing on a boat or building sand castles, you hoped that these loving, fun-filled moments would last forever. Here are 4 ways to create memorable experiences with your kids this summer.‎ Hit the beach Pack your bathing suits, sun cream and towels - a beach bound adventure offers warm memories for all family members. Remember swimming in warm water at the ‎ shoreline, playing among the sands, and diving into the refreshing surf after a game of beach volleyball? You can recreate these happy experiences.‎ Play Street Hockey(曲棍球)‎ The best thing about summer street hockey is that loved ones of all skill levels can join in for an afternoon of physical activity, outdoor fun and competition. Channel your inner Sidney Crosby or Hayley Wickenheiser and see who can score the most goals. ‎ Camp Sleep under the stars, cook on a campfire and swim in a stream - camping in the great outdoors is a sure way to have wonderful family memories. Some campsites offer equipment such as full bathrooms, showers and sleeping bags. For more information visit Parks Canada’s website.‎ Take a Road Trip Traveling along the highway with the windows down, wind rushing through your hair and the radio turned up loud enough for you to sing along. Who didn’t love a summertime journey in the backseat of their parents’ car as a kid? This summer, give your kids a taste of what you enjoyed at their age. Take a family road trip exploring together.‎ ‎25. Who is the text intended for?‎ ‎ A. Teachers B. Coaches ‎ ‎ C. Parents D. Players 考点四 观点态度题 ‎【例4】It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was ,in his words,‎ ‎ “a brilliantly（精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.‎ And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out ),I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten . But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.‎ The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either )and Herman Melville.‎ Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in –depth!‎ But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. k. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so). (2013·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎67. What is the author’s attitude to 58%of readers?‎ A. Favorable.‎ B. Uncaring C. Doubtful D. Friendly ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 规律方法4：如何解决观点态度题？‎ 做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。‎ 褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。‎ 贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的)等。‎ 中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。‎ ‎【变式精练】 ‎ ‎【湖北省沙市中学2017届高三上学期第三次考试】‎ ‎ Parents do need to teach their kids financial responsibility and that money is earned. Still, many child-development experts agree that tying a child’s allowance to chores can be a slippery slope. Here’s why.‎ Susie Walton, master instructor at Peace in Your Home advises to keep chores and allowances totally separate. “Allowance is one thing. When it comes to chores, life skills, responsibilities－that’s a whole different thing.” says Walton.‎ Walton says, “When kids aren’t doing a chore, you don't say, ‘well, there goes your allowance.’ You’re going to sit them down and ask what’s going on. ‘We are a team. We are a family. We’ve got to have them done.’”‎ Besides, by paying children for chores with an allowance, you’ll also be sending ‎ the message that work isn't worth doing unless they’re getting paid for it.‎ There are times when it would make sense to pay kids for chores. Most financial and child-development experts agree that it’s a fine idea to pay children money for extra jobs that are outside their normal set of chores, such as washing windows, washing the car or helping to clean out the garage－especially if the child is saving for a big item. This may even develop an entrepreneurial (企业家的) spirit to think outside of the box to earn money.‎ For parents who are concerned that their children won’t learn the value of a dollar if the allowance isn’t tied to household chores, note that there are still plenty of money management skills to be learned from a straight allowance. Depending on the age, kids can be made responsible for paying for their own toys or snacks. Some parents even require that kids set aside a percentage of their allowance toward savings.‎ ‎ “I really like having my own money,” says Kevin, 9. “It’s up to me if I want to buy the cheap toy now, or save and get the better toy.” And that’s a good lesson to learn at 9 years old.‎ ‎ No matter which allowance route you take in parenthood, kids will feel empowered by being able to handle their own money.‎ ‎3.What is the author’s attitude towards Kevin’s action?‎ ‎ A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Approving. D. Unfavorable.‎ 考点五 预测推断题 ‎【例5】Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone，and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.‎ ‎“I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a．m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，” said Walter Choo,40，of Fort Greene.‎ The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250‎ ‎ and $600，the Times said，possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality，a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.So，for example，if you were walking down a street，indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.‎ ‎“As far as a mainstream consumer product，this just isn’t something anybody needs，” said Sam Biddle，who writes for Gizmodo.com.“We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，” he added，“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device(装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”‎ ‎9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub，who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year，said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.‎ ‎“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago，” Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones，and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones，and it’s unnatural，” he said.“There’s gonna be improvements to that，and this a step there.” (2013·福建，B)‎ ‎63．We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses ________.‎ A．may have a potential market B．are as common as smartphones C．are popular among young adults D．will be improved by a new technology ‎【答案】A 规律方法5：如何解决预测推断题？‎ 有些题目要求根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。‎ ‎【变式精练】 ‎ Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.‎ Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.‎ Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”‎ The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see—and guide whether we see fear.”‎ To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.‎ ‎“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.‎ ‎“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.” (2013·四川，E)‎ ‎50．This study may contribute to________.‎ A．treating anxiety and stress better B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety C．finding the key to the heartbrain communication D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“...we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可推断出这项研究可能有助于更好地治疗焦虑及更严重的压力紊乱。故选A项。‎