2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit2Robots课后达标检测 人教版选修7 8页

Unit 2 Robots ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·南昌二模)Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.‎ A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversität(LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.‎ According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：“Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” The participants were faced with a hypothetical(假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.‎ The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(无名的) humans.‎ ‎“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.”‎ 8‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。‎ ‎1．What has become a concern about robots?‎ A．How to humanize them.‎ B．How to treat them in life.‎ C．How to use them effectively.‎ D．How to find more applications.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．In the study the participants probably have to decide ________．‎ A．when to sacrifice a robot B．where to experience risks C．which robot to work with D．what robots should be like A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：‘Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？’”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from Paulus’ words?‎ A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.‎ B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.‎ C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.‎ D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Robots, a Must for Future B．Humanized Robots, a New Trend C．Robots Saved, People Take the Hit D．Humanized Robots Replace Human 8‎ C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句，句中的that引导宾语从句，作及物动词suggested的宾语；“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……就越……”。‎ 译文：研究表明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。‎ B ‎(2020·青岛质检)The long, white robot weighs more than 450 kilograms. Like other robots, it is equipped with cameras and mechanical arms to automatically perform many different jobs.‎ Angus is a major part of operations at Alexander’s indoor robot farm about 40 kilometers south of San Francisco. The 743squaremeter farm uses a hydroponic system that grows plants without soil. The plants grow inside equipment that provides a continuous flow of water. The indoor farm uses electrical light instead of sunlight.‎ This kind of farm uses much less water and does not require human labor to run. The main job for Angus is to move thousands of plants around the farm, from small containers to larger ones as they grow. Angus also carries plants to another robot that does not have a name yet. Angus moves slowly to complete its work. But the robot is very strong and can lift about 300 kilograms.‎ For now, the farm uses humans to collect vegetables and other crops when they are ready. But Alexander says he is working on a robot that will eventually take over that job too.‎ Alexander helped start the company Iron Ox after leaving Google, where he worked on robotics at the company’s Google X project. He teamed up with another former Google employee, Jon Binney. Together they founded Iron Ox.‎ Iron Ox’s website says the hydroponic growing system uses 90 percent less water. It also says the growing method is up to 30 times more productive than growing crops on land.‎ Alexander says growing food robotically throughout the year in major cities will provide more consistent and fresh products. Most of the vegetables sold in the U．S. are grown in California, Arizona, Mexico and other nations. That means that many people in the U．S. cities are eating vegetables that are nearly a week old by the 8‎ ‎ time they arrive at stores.‎ Indoor farms operate all year round and are not generally affected by bad weather. This will permit the company to provide a steady flow of goods without major price changes.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了新型机器人农场是如何运作的，具体包括其操作流程、优势以及未来发展方向。‎ ‎5．How does Angus work in the farm?‎ A．It provides a continuous flow of water for the plants.‎ B．It directs other robots to work in the farm.‎ C．It works on collecting vegetables.‎ D．It is in charge of transferring plants.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Angus also carries plants to another robot that does not have a name yet.”可知，安格斯会把植物运送到另一个还没有名字的机器人那里。由此可知，安格斯负责搬运植物。故选D。‎ ‎6．What do we know about Alexander?‎ A．He used to work on robotics at Google.‎ B．He started a company studying robotics with Binney.‎ C．He works on collecting crops when they are ready.‎ D．He started Iron Ox by himself.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Alexander helped start the company Iron Ox after leaving Google, where he worked on robotics at the company’s Google X project.”可知，亚历山大离开谷歌之前致力于机器人制造项目。故选A。‎ ‎7．What’s the advantage of Alexander’s farm?‎ A．The vegetables from his farm sell at a higher price.‎ B．The vegetables from his farm are more nutritious.‎ C．It uses electrical light instead of sunlight.‎ D．It uses less water but produces more.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“the hydroponic growing system uses 90 percent less water. It also says the growing method is up to 30 times more productive than growing crops on land.”可知，亚历山大的农场的水栽种植系统所需的用水量比陆地种植少90%，而产量却是陆地上的庄稼产量的30倍。因此，这个农场的优点是用水更少，但产量更高。故选D。‎ ‎8．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Robot Farm, the Future of the Agriculture 8‎ B．Robot Farm, Aiming to Bring Fresher Food to the U．S. Cities C．Alexander, an Extraordinary Scientist on Robotics D．Hydroponic System, the New Way of Farming B　解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了机器人农场及其优势等，且它旨在为更多的美国城市带来更新鲜的食物。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·福建三校联考)Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. 1.________ Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts.‎ ‎2．________‎ When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.‎ Make a list of things you are grateful for.‎ You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. 3.________‎ Learn to adapt to the changes.‎ There are many things you can’t change. 4.________ Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents’ and friends’ support, you can survive any life changes.‎ Allow yourself to vent(发泄) your feelings every once in a while.‎ Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or a family member or see a therapist.‎ Find what makes you happy.‎ ‎5．________ Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy. Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always!‎ A．Change the way you think.‎ B．Make friends with positive people.‎ 8‎ C．The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.‎ D．Are you constantly complaining about your present job?‎ E．Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy.‎ F．So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining?‎ G．Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了停止抱怨的方法和策略。‎ ‎1．F　解析：根据下文“Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts.”可知，空处应是表述如何停止抱怨，故选F。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据文章结构及空处所在位置可知，空处为本段的标题。根据下文“When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead.”并结合对本段的整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是改变思考方式，故选A。‎ ‎3．G　解析：根据本段的标题“Make a list of things you are grateful for.”并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，G选项“把你所感激的事情写下来，然后你就会发现没有理由抱怨了”符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎4．C　解析：根据上文“There are many things you can’t change.”，并结合下文“Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is.”可知，在不能改变的情况下，接受并适应改变才是上策，与本段标题“Learn to adapt to the changes.”呼应，故选C。‎ ‎5．D　解析：根据下文“Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career.”并结合本文的关键词complain可知，此处表示对自己的工作不满，故选D。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·武汉高三模拟)China has been selected to host the WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai in 2021—an event that it hopes to use for building a stronger team of skilled workers nationwide and to improve international 1.____________(exchange) in technical skills. Hosting the event will help guide the whole society 2.____________(respect) the spirit of skilled workmanship. It will also help create 3.____________ social atmosphere of respecting labor and admiring skills. China has 165 million skilled workers, including 47.9 million who are classed as highly skilled. They were first classified by the government in 2003. They 4.____________(include) as one of the major Statelevel talent groups along with theoretical scientists in 2015, 5.____________(mark) a significant rise in their social status.‎ 8‎ China’s 6.____________(early) modern skills training can date back to the Qing Dynasty. It was in 1866 7.____________ the Foochow Shipbuilding Institution in Fujian Province was established. In 1978, the adoption of the reform and openingup policy highlighted a shortage of 8.____________(talent) technicians. As a result, the number of students at technical institutes rose sharply. More recently, technical education 9.____________(receive) greater support from the central government to help shape the nation’s producing power. Every year, more than 100 million people have access 10.____________ technical education and training.‎ ‎【解题导语】　世界技能大赛将于2021年在中国上海举行。本文介绍了它的重要作用和意义以及中国技术领域的相关情况。‎ ‎1．exchanges　解析：考查名词的单复数。此处表示改善在技术技能方面的国际交流，exchange在此处意为“交流”，为可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用名词复数。‎ ‎2．to respect　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：举办这样的赛事能帮助引导全社会去尊重高超工艺的精神。根据句意可知，此处应填动词不定式。‎ ‎3．a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一种社会氛围”，表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，又因social的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ ‎4．were included　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“in 2015”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且动词include和主语They构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were included。‎ ‎5．marking　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词mark和其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故填其现在分词形式。‎ ‎6．earliest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：中国最早的现代技能培训可追溯到清朝。根据句意可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填earliest。‎ ‎7．that　解析：考查强调句。本句为强调句结构“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”，被强调的是时间状语“in 1866”。‎ ‎8．talented　解析：考查形容词。此处表示“有才能的技术员”，故用形容词talented“有才能的”修饰其后的名词technicians。‎ ‎9．has received　解析：考查时态。根据该句中的时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语technical education为单数形式，故填has received。‎ ‎10．to　解析：考查介词。句意：每年，超过1亿人有机会接受技术教育和培训。have access to...意为“有接近……的机会”。‎ 8‎ 8‎