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考点46 阅读理解应用文
高考频度：★★★★★
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对＂读＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。现简要介绍应用文的特点、类型和解题技巧。
一、应用文阅读试题的文体特点
应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息，措辞简洁明了，直截了当.一般说来，应用文英语阅读试题具有以下特点：
1. 选材特点
信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅表达最大量的信息。
2. 内容特点
生活化，实用化，多样化，如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启示、招生招聘等。
3. 形式特点
标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章的结构更鲜明。
4. 语言特点
人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。
5. 命题特点
主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对较容易。
二、应用文的主要类型
应用文的类型主要有：同主题广告，混合型广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。
三、应用文解题技巧点拨
高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。
做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。
同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：
1. 先题后文
先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。
2. 题干定向
根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。
3. 生词模糊
遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。
4. 信息补全
对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。
总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。
提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。
全国高考英语考试说明明确指出，要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章，这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。
这个特点在历年高考试题中有明显的印证，不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查，这充分体现了＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。因此，考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题特点，并掌握一定的解题方法。本文拟结合近年高考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体，帮助考生提高阅读理解的解题能力。
应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。
在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点：
1. 就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2. 就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。
3. 就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。
4. 就语言特点来说，文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。
5. 在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
6. 就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。具体讲来主要有四大类：(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。(2)
推理判断题。这类题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。(4)词义猜测题，即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。
广告类阅读题的五大特点
1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。
2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
命题趋势
1. 考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。
2. 理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。
3. 信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。
4.
句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。
5. 体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。
【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】
题组一（2017年高考真题）
Passage1(2017·全国新课标卷I，A)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A. In Building 1.
B. In Building 3.【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】
C. At the Laser Dome.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A. Train science teachers.
B. Distribute science books.
C. Inspire scientific research.
D. Take science to the classroom.
23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center’s history.
Passage2(2017·全国新课标卷II，A )
In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. please come and join us.
National Theatre Of China Beijing|Chinese
This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.
Date &Time: Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pm
Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi |Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date & Time : Friday 18May,2.30pm&Saturday 19May,7.30pm
Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language （BSL）
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of
BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
Date&Time: Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv| Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date &Time: Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm
21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?
A. Richard Ⅲ.
B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost.
C.As You Like It.
D. The merchant of Venice.
22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre?
A. It has two groups of actors.
B. It is the leading theatre in London.
C. It performs plays in BSL.
D. It is good at producing comedies.
23.When can you see a play in Hebrew?
A. On Saturday 28Apil.
B. On Sunday 29 April.
C. On Tuesday 22 May.
D. On Tuesday 29 May.
Passage3(2017·全国新课标卷III，A)
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to
offer.(Included in tickets price)
Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.
Duration(时长): 2 hours
Price: $90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm
Duration: 2 hours
Price: $90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23nd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
21. Which of the tours is available in March?
A. San Francisco Winery Tour.
B. Back to the Fifties Tour.
C. Spooky Hallowen Tour.
D. Holiday Lights Tour.
22. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?
A. Go to Treasure Island.
B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C. Have free ice cream.
D. Visit the Presidio district.
23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A. Take some drinks.
B. Set off early in the morning.
C. Wear warm clothes.
D. Make reservations in advance.
Passage4(2017·天津卷，A)
Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked ＂send＂. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.
What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.
Clicking ＂send＂ too soon
Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.
Writing the wrong time
The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).
Clicking ＂reply all＂ unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting ＂reply all＂ to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
Sending an offensive message to its subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
36. After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel _______.
A. curious B. tired
C. awful D. funny
37. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________.
A. apologise in a serious manner
B. tell the receiver to ignore the error
C. learn to write the name correctly
D. send a short notice to everyone
38. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your ＂reply all＂ email?
A. Try offering other choices.
B. Avoid further involvement.
C. Meet other staff members.
D. Make a light-hearted apology.
39. How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?
A. By promising not to offend the receiver again.
B. By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.
C. By asking the receiver to control his anger.
D. By talking to the receiver face to face.
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Defining email errors.
B. Reducing email mistakes.
C. Handling email accidents.
D. Improving email writing.
题组二（2016年高考真题）
Passage 1(2016•新课标全国卷I，A)
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860—1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907—1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930—present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913—2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. ＂The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,＂ said Parks.
21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A. Her social work.
B. Her teaching skills.
C. Her efforts to win a prize.
D. Her community background.
22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?
A. Jane Addams.
B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor.
D. Rosa Parks.
24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A. They are highly educated.
B. They are truly creative.
C. They are pioneers.
D. They are peace-lovers.
Passage 2(2016•新课标全国卷II，A)
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm–1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so， come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm–10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm–7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm–11.00pm Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
21. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz.
C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.
22. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope.
C. Victoria Stage. D. Pizza World.
23. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status.
B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club.
D. It is held every Wednesday
24. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm–7.30pm. B. 7.30pm–1.00am.
C. 8.00pm–11.00pm. D. 8.30pm–10.30pm.
Passage 3(2016•新课标全国卷III，A)
Music
Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional
performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information. http://www.chamberorch.com.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220. http:///www.riverbendmusic.com.
21. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241–2742. B. 723–1182.
C. 381–3300. D. 232–6220.
22. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A. February. B. May.
C. August. D. November.
23. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall.
B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater.
D. Riverbend Music Theater.
24. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
Passage 4(2016•天津卷，A)
A Language Programme for Teenagers
Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.
Our Courses
Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.
Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).
Course Type
Days
Number of Lessons
Course Timetable
Standard Course
Mon－Fri
20 lessons
9:00—12:30
Intensive Course
Mon－Fri
20 lessons
9:00—12:30
10 lessons
13:00—14:30
Evaluation
Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.
Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
Arrivals and Transfer
Our programme offers the full package — students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their
accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.
Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements
Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.
We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.
36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?
A. It is less effective.
B. It focuses on speaking.
C. It includes extra lessons.
D. It gives you confidence.
37. When can a student attend Standard Course?
A. 13:00—14:30 Monday.
B. 9:00—12:30 Tuesday.
C. 13:00—14:30 Friday.
D. 9:00—12:30 Saturday.
38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to ____________.
A. take a language test
B. have an online interview
C. prepare learning materials
D. report their language levels
39. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to___________.
A. inform students of their full flight details
B. look after students throughout the programme
C. offer students free sightseeing trips
D. collect students’ luggage in advance
40. Which of the following may require an extra payment?
A. Cooked dinner. B. Mealtime dessert.
C. Packed lunch. D. Special diet.
题组三（2017年名校模拟题）
Passage 1(2017届河北省衡水中学高三下学期摸底考试)
Sanlinx Inc. first introduced its original market defining SoyaJoy Soy Milk Maker over 14 years ago to the North America market. Now we are introducing the SoyaJoy G4, the fourth generation of advanced soy milk makers replacing the # 1 rated SoyaJoy G3, to expand the market share.
The SoyaJoy G4 keeps all the SoyaJoy G3 features and functions. The main improvements are:
1. The G4 adds stainless steel to the lower part of the machine head, and thus makes the total grinding(研磨)and cooking chamber all stainless steel. This is very important for people who are concerned of plastic into food.
2. The G4 changes to bottom heating like a typical electric water kettle. Since soy mill, or soups are easily burnt onto bottom heating plate, many other bottom heating makers suffer from this problem. The G4 solved this problem by using advanced technologies and design.
3. The Perfect GrindTM Technology ensures excellent grinding and milk yields. It also makes the use and cleaning even easier.
4. Five one-button functions, for making milk from soaked beans, dry beans, and other seeds and grains or combination of them. It also makes soups and porridge. Added a ＂Keep Warm＂ function.
Reviews From People Who Bought This
The buying public completely agrees with us. Those consumers who have purchased this soy milk maker and have reviewed it on Amazon have given it a collective score of 4. 85 out of a possible 5. 00 ratings. Here's a sampling of some of the comments that real consumers have written about this soy milk maker:
●Overall, I am very happy with it. It is so simple to use.
●The SoyaJoy G4 makes absolutely delicious soy milk with fine broken bits. I have their other products and this is even superior.
●Cleaning it is so simple and fast but be careful not to hurt hands.
●Finally, a product that does what it says!
1.Why does the Sanlinx Inc. company bring out the SoyaJoy G4?
A. The SoyaJoy G3 is a failure.
B. The company wants to be rated number one.
C. The SoyaJoy G4 is for South America market.
D. The company intends the new products to broaden market.
2.What's the problem of other soy milk makers?
A. They are not easily used.
B. They can't make soups.
C. They have so many buttons.
D. They can make the soy milk burnt.
3.The consumers think the SoyaJoy G4 _________.
A.is easy to clean
B. still remains to improve
C. can get even higher scores
D.is better said than done
Passage 2(2017届湖南省湘潭市高三5月模拟考试)
From young kids to fitness lovers, to those looking for a laugh, or to families looking for a free movie night, Atlantic Station prepares some days for you to enjoy this year.
Tot Spot—Each Tuesday morning, Atlantic Station's Central Park transforms into every child's dream playground! From 10:00 am to noon, kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things. This event begins on April 5 and lasts through September 27.
Wellness Wednesday—Each Wednesday from 6:30 pm to 7:30 pm, Atlantic Station's Central Park becomes the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more. Wellness Wednesday welcomes all ages and skill levels. This event begins on April 6 and lasts through September 28.
Improv in the Park—Whole World Improv Theatre, Atlanta's premier improv group, has once again partnered with Atlantic Station to bring a family friendly night of comedy to Central Park on the first Wednesday of each month through September. Bring a blanket, relax under the stars and prepare to laugh until it hurts!The hour-long show begins at 8:00 pm. This event occurs on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3.
Movies in Central Park—Each Thursday night at dusk, guests are invited to bring chairs, blankets, to-go snacks and picnics to Atlantic Station's Central Park. All outdoor screenings are weather
permitting, so keep your fingers crossed for no The Wizard Of Oz-type storms!Be sure to arrive early to find a good seat. This event starts on May 19 and occurs every Thursday through July 28.
1.Mother can take her kids who like listening to stories to _______ .
A. Tot Spot B. Improv in the Park
C. Wellness Wednesday D. Movies in Central Park
2.When can you do yoga with an instructor in Atlantic Station's Central Park?
A. On each Wednesday at 7:00 pm in June and July.
B. On each Tuesday from 6:30 pm to 7:30 pm in August.
C. On each Tuesday morning from 10:00 am to noon in July.
D. At 8:00 pm on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3.
3.Improv in the Park will provide us with .
A. free toys B.to-go snacks
C. physical exercise D. family comedies
4.What can we learn from the text?
A. Only teenagers are welcome to join in Wellness Wednesday.
B. Atlantic Station sets the dates for guests to have fun.
C. Tickets for Movies in Central Park are hard to get.
D. Movies in Central Park are shown only indoors.
Passage 3(2017届山西省孝义市高三下学期高考考前质量检测三)
Leeds Library Calendar
Monday 10 April 18:00-20:00
Leeds Centre for Victorian Studies — The Gott collection and the Yorkshire Landscape.
Nicole Harding talks aboutte Gott collection.
Admission: FREE
Saturday 6 May 13:00-15:30
Members’ Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress Season
There Will Be Blood(15) 158 mins.
Daniel Plainview (Day Lewis) is a down-and-out silver miner who strikes it rich and becomes an oil tycoon. When he learns of a small oil-rich town in Californis, he moves there with his adopted son. Using his son to project the image of a caring family man, Plainview gains the cooperation of almost
all the locals in the town, with promises to help develop their community but over time, Plainview’s gradual accumulation of wealth and power causes his true self to surface.
Admission: €3(including a glass of wine).
To book please click here.
Wednesday 17 May 18:00-20:00
Member’s Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress Season
Born Yesterday (PG) 116 mins.
Judy Holliday plays Billie Dawn, the dumb blonde girlfriend of Harry Brook (Broderick Crawford), a corrupt millionaire junk dealer. Brock, a man with social ambitions, is embarrassed by Billie’s rube behavior, so he arranges for her to take a crash course in culture from a handsome, young journalist (Willian Holden). Billie learns really quickly under his kind guide and becomes increasingly aware of her role in Brock’s business deals.
Admission: €3(including a glass of wine).
To book please click here.
Thursday 8 June 18:00-20:30
Big Book End Event: In Conversation With Candace Robb and Chris Nickson
Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.
Admission: €3
To book please click here.
1.What film will be shown on 6th May?
A. Judy Holliday. B.A Glass of Wine.
C. There Will Be Blood. D. Born Yesterday.
2.What do we know about Billie Dawn from Born Yesterday?
A. She is embarrassed by he bad manners.
B. She realizes what to be expected of her.
C. She contributes to her family business.
D. She admires her course teacher.
3.Who will attend Big Book End Event at the Leeds Library?
A. Candace Robb. B. William Holden.
C. Daniel Plainview. D. Broderick Crawford.
Passage 4(2017届吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三下学期第四次模拟 )
Indestructibles: Wiggle! March!
Author: Kaaren Pixton Publisher: Workman Publishing Company
Published on the same paper-like material used in shipping envelopes, Indestructibles are 100% baby-proof: chew-proof, water-proof, and tear-proof. In each page there is a simple, colorful image of an animal or bird or insect against a rich, textured back ground.
Three titles launch the series: Creep! Craw! about animals that crawl, Flutter! Fly! about animals that fly, and Wiggle! March! about farm animals.
School’s Out-Forever
Author: James Patterson Publisher: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
＂Adventure, fighting and love abound＂ (VOYA) in this action-packed follow-up to the #1 New York Times blockbuster MAXIMUM RIDE :THE ANGEL EXPERIMENT, now available in paperback. The heart-stopping journey of six kids-led by fourteen-year-old Max-to find their parents and investigate the mind-blowing mystery of their final destiny continues when they’re taken under the wing of an FBI agent and attempt, for the first time, to live ＂normal＂ lives.
Merry Christmas, Space Case
Author: James Marshall Publisher: Puffin
Buddy McGee invited his friend, the thing from outer space-also known as Space Case-to come to Earth for a Christmas visit. Now Buddy’s family is going to Grany’s for the day, and Buddy is afraid he’ll miss Space Case on Earth altogether. What he doesn’t know is that Space Case has a surprise in store for him.
A Night Night Prayer
Author: Amy Parker Publisher: Thomas Nelson
This lovable little nighttime prayer book has interactive dialogue for a child to repeat as they look around their world to see the sleeping sun, trees, puppy, baby, etc. The repetition within the text helps little ones calm down and prepare to go to sleep. Accompanied by nice illustrations that show a cozy bedtime, A Night Night Prayer will quickly become a ＂ read it one more time＂ book for young children.
1.What do we know about Indestructibles: Wiggle! March＂?
A. The book is published on paper.
B. The book is shipped in envelopes.
C. The book is intended for babies.
D. The book is about animals that fly.
2.Which is a good choice to help little kids fall asleep?
A. Indestructibles: Wiggle! March!
B.A Night Night Prayer.
C. Merry Christmas, Space Case.
D. School’s Out-Forever.
3.Who writes the science fiction story?
A. Kaaren Pixton. B. James Marshall.
C. Amy Parker. D. James Patterson.
4.This passage is most probably taken from_____.
A. a history textbook B. a popular magazine
C. a travel brochure D. a news report
题组一
Passage1
【文章大意】本文主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State可知现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到教室。故选D。
23.A 【解析】目的意图题。根据文章最后一段中的Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助、做贡献。故选A。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映的有关情况。
21. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of China’s first visit to
the UK .以及This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s
Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying＂，可知Richard III将要在中国国家大剧院上映。故选A。
22.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds可知选C。
23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm＂可知，可
以在5月29日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选D。zx-xk
Passage3
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线。
21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一则广告中的＂Running: February 1st through April 30th＂可知，这个旅游活动是从2月份持续到4月份。
Passage4
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。
36. C 【解析】根据第二段第二句You freeze in horror and burn with shame.可知选C。
37. A 【解析】根据第二个标题句Writing the wrong time后面的内容Respond quickly and
briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). 可知选A。
38.B 【解析】根据倒数第二段最后一句In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down可知选B。
39.D 【解析】根据最后一段中的In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry可知选D。
40.C 【解析】前三段内容通过问问题和说明情况，并介绍处理邮件问题的具体方法，由此可以判断出本文主要讲的是处理邮件问题。故选C。
题组二
Passage1
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域作出了非凡的贡献。
21. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选A。
22. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman可知，她因为是女性而不被法律公司录用。故选C。
23. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中的and kicked off the civil-rights movement可知，Rosa Parks对民权运动作出了贡献。故选D。
24. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。
【技巧点拨 】细节理解题的解题思路：可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文属于广告类阅读，分别介绍了四则广告Electric Underground、Gee Whizz、Simon’s Workshop、Charlotte Stone的具体内容及细节信息。整篇文章难度较小。
22.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则广告第三句This joyful show will please everyone,
from the youngest to the oldest可知，这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都开心，而该表演的场所在Kaleidoscope。故B正确。
23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三则广告第二行中的＂5.00 pm–7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage＂可知Simon’s Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5点至7点30之间进行。故D项正确。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四则广告中的＂8.00pm–11.00pm Pizza World＂可知Charlotte Stone将在晚上8点至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故C项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文属于广告类短文，所考查的四题均为细节理解题中的直接信息题。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。
做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。
以第22小题为例，我们根据题干中的＂people of different ages enjoy a good laugh(所有年龄段的人都能够看得很开心)＂直接定位第二则广告第三句＂This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest＂可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择B项。
Passage3
【文章大意】文章是一篇广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点，举办时间，活动内容和联系方式等。
23.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据with their I.D. cards定位到第四个活动中的＂Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.＂和 usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater可知答案，故选C。
24.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据Riverbend Music Theater定位到最后一个活动，根据＂Large
outdoor theater with the closest seats＂可知，Riverbend Music Theater是一个露天剧院，不同的座位，其价格也是不同的，由此可知，Riverbend Music Theater的座位是在室外的；根据＂all summer long＂排除B；C项和D项在最后一个活动中没被提到。故选A。
【名师点睛】
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
1. 包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两个选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
2. 正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四个选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
3. 委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably，possibly， may，usually，might， most of， more or less，relatively，be likely to，not necessary，although，yet，in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must，always，never，all，every，any，merely， only，completely，none，hardly，already等等。
4. 同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围中，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
5. 常识项原则
在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。
6. 因果项原则
阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。
Passage4
【文章大意】这是一则广告。介绍一个语言学习课程的课程设置以及学习、生活方面的要求。
37.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据表格的第二行可知，学生可以在星期二的9点到12点半参加标准课程。故选B。
38.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据Evaluation这段的句子The majority of them take an online language test可知，在开始课程之前，学生需要参加一个语言考试。故选A。
39.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Arrivals and Transfer这部分里面的第一句可知，如果是full package，课程的组织者应该在整个课程的过程中照顾学生。故选B。
40.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，特殊的饮食可能要额外付款。故选D。
【名师点睛】这是一篇广告布告类阅读理解，这种题目一般是比较简单的，以考查细节题为主。可以使用信息筛选法做题。为了节省时间，可以用先看题目，带着题目在文中寻读的方法找到信息句，理解并找出正确答案。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新上市的the SoyaJoy G4的特征和功能，特别介绍了它的改进方面。文章还给出了来自消费者的反馈。
1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Now we are introducing the SoyaJoy G4, the fourth generation of advanced soy milk makers replacing the # 1 rated SoyaJoy G3, to expand the market share.可知，Sanlinx Inc.公司生产the SoyaJoy G4是为了开拓市场。故选D。
2.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句Since soy mill, or soups are easily burnt onto bottom heating plate, many other bottom heating makers suffer from this problem.可知，大豆磨或大豆汤很容易烧到底部的加热板，许多其他的底层供暖制造商也因此受到了这个问题的困扰。因此推断许多其他的的豆浆供应商可能遭受着豆浆容易变糊这个问题。故选D。
3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二句Cleaning it is so simple and fast but be careful not to hurt hands.可知，消费者认为the SoyaJoy G4容易清理。故选A。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文介绍了Atlantic Station准备的可以让人们娱乐的几个项目。
3.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话中的＂… to bring a family friendly night of comedy…＂可知应选D。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话Wellness Wednesday welcomes all ages and skill levels.可知A项错误；根据第三段第一句话和最后一句话可知Atlantic Station确定了人们娱乐的日期，故B项正确；根据最后一段可知Movies in Central Park未提到买票，故C项错误；根据最后一段第二句话中的＂All outdoor screenings are weather permitting…＂可知D项错误。故选B。
Passage3
【文章大意】本文为一则广告，介绍了四月份到六月份在Leeds Library要进行的四个活动。
1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知6 May 要上映There Will Be Blood，故选C。
2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句话Billie learns really quickly under his kind guide and becomes increasingly aware of her role in Brock’s business deals.可知Billie越来越意识到她被期待做的事，故选B。
3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8
June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.可知Candace Robb将要在Leeds Library出席Big Book End Event，故选A。zx*xk
Passage4
【文章大意】本文为说明文，介绍了四本适合于不同人群、不同主题的流行书籍。
3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话Buddy McGee invited his friend, the thing from outer space-also known as Space Case-to come to Earth for a Christmas visit. 可知Merry Christmas, Space Case这本书为科幻故事，其作者为James Marshall，故选B。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章可知本文介绍了四本适合于不同人群、不同主题的流行书籍，应该出自一本流行杂志，而不是历史教科书、旅游小册子或新闻报道，故B项正确，而A、C、D项错误，故选B。
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