考点17+-ing分词-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过 14页

考点17 -ing分词 高考频度：★★★★★‎ 定义 ‎-ing分词分为现在分词和动名词，现在分词和动名词形式一样，都是由v+ing构成，但是在句子中的作用不一样，动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种；动名词具有动词和名词的特征；在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾补。‎ 形式 时态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定式 否定词（not/never）‎ ‎+动名词 考向一 现在分词 现在分词的用法 ‎1.作表语：现在分词表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词表示主语所处的状态。‎ ‎☛The situation is encouraging. 情况很受人鼓舞。‎ ‎2．作定语：‎ ‎（1）单独作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前。‎ touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water Barking dogs seldom bite. 乱叫的狗不咬人。‎ 但某些过去分词（如concerned关切的/有关的，used旧的/用过的，given特定的/给予的，involved复杂的/涉及的）置于名词前后其意义不同。 ‎ ‎☛a concerned look/the students concerned/‎ ‎☛a used car/the textbook used.‎ ‎（2）现在分词作定语，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示经常性的动作或现在的状态时，变为从句时要用一般时态；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的主谓关系，在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。‎ ‎☛Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door? ‎ 站在门边的人是谁。‎ ‎☛They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains. ‎ 一条通往山里的高速路。‎ ‎（3）过去分词作定语时，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的动宾关系，在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。‎ ‎☛The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important. ‎ 上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。‎ ‎（4）其他应注意：‎ ‎① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。‎ ‎☛We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。‎ ‎② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。‎ Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。‎ ‎③ 分词还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：‎ ‎☛All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.‎ 居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。 ‎ ‎④ 现在分词短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，故下列句子是错的：‎ ‎☛Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing） ‎ 他是来自北京的李先生。‎ ‎☛Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished）‎ 已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。‎ ‎⑤ 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。‎ ‎☛Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.）‎ 正在忙的人不必离开。‎ ‎⑥ 不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。‎ ‎☛The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died） ‎ 前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。‎ ‎3. 作宾补：‎ ‎（1）常构成“感官动词/使役动词+宾语+doing sth/done”‎ ‎☛I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. ‎ 让你等在这好久很难过。‎ ‎（2）现在分词做宾补表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程；与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾补一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾补表示动作完成,与宾语有着动宾关系且含有被动意义，宾语是过去分词表示的动作的承受者。‎ ‎☛He watched the TV set carried out of the room. ‎ 他看从房间带出的电视。‎ ‎☛Last year they had the house rebuilt. ‎ 去年他们重修了这座房子。‎ ‎（3）变为被动结构，宾补就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”。‎ ‎☛We were kept waiting for quite a long time.‎ 我们被等待了好久。‎ ‎1.（2017·天津卷·单项填空）Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding ‎【参考答案】D ‎2.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants. ‎ A. ranging B. range ‎ C. to range D. ranged ‎ ‎【参考答案】A　‎ ‎【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。 range是不及物动词，意为“(在一定幅度内)变化”，此处作解释说明的状语，表主动。故答案选A。句意：国家动物园有大量野生动物， 从蝴蝶到大象都有。‎ ‎2.(2017·江苏卷·单项填空) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputations over centuries，are ‎ facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed ‎ C. developed D. developing ‎【参考答案】A　‎ 考向二 动名词 一、动名词概述 ‎1. 动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或前后。‎ ‎☛We all enjoy listening to music.（同时发生） 我们所有的人都喜欢听音乐。‎ ‎☛Do you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生） 你还记得见过他吗？‎ ‎2. 动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。‎ ‎☛I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.‎ 当我是个孩子的时候很遗憾没有被带到过长城。‎ ‎☛She attended the party without being invited. 没有被邀请他就参加了这个晚会。‎ ‎3. 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式。‎ ‎☛This question is far from being settled.问题远没有解决。‎ ‎4. 如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式。‎ ‎☛I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method. ‎ 我不机器曾经给过他机会尝试这个方法。‎ 二、 动名词的用法 ‎1.作主语 ‎（1）谓语动词应用第三人称单数。‎ Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。‎ ‎（2）it（形式主语）be no+n（use/ good/wonder...）+doing sth ‎ there be no +n（point/doubt/signs/way...）+doing sth ‎☛It’s no use telling him about it,it’s too late already. ‎ 已经太晚了，所以告诉他没有用。‎ ‎（3）作主语动名词与不定式的区别：‎ ‎① 动名词作主语表示抽象的动作，不与特定的动作执行者有关；不定式作主语表示具体的动作或行为，与特定的动作执行者有关。‎ ‎☛He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具体） ‎ 他意识到像这样继续没用。‎ ‎☛It’s no use crying over split milk.（抽象） ‎ 因抛洒的牛奶哭泣没用。‎ 特别提醒：表语是动名词，主语也用动名词；表语是不定式，主语也用不定式。‎ ‎② 动名词和不定式作主语，都可用形式主语it，动名词或不定式放在句尾时用动名词，不用不定式。‎ it’s no use/good doing … ‎ it’s a waste of time doing …‎ 但在it’s important /necessary /advisable/essential … 中，只用不定式。‎ ‎☛It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. ‎ 今天去哪没用，因为不在家。‎ ‎☛It’s a waste of time arguing about it. ‎ 和他争论时浪费时间。‎ ‎2. 作表语 ‎（1）用来解释说明主语的内容。‎ ‎☛Their job is building houses. ‎ 他们的工作是建房子。‎ ‎（2）作表语动名词与不定式的区别：‎ 动名词作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯；不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。‎ ‎☛My favourite sport is swimming. ‎ 我最喜欢的运动游泳。‎ ‎（3）动名词与现在分词的区别：‎ 作表语： 动名词作表语相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，不可用副词来修饰；现在分词作表语相当于形容词，说明主语的特征,性质,状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，可用very/quite等副词来修饰。‎ ‎☛Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. 我的职责是全心全意为人民服务。‎ 作定语：现在分词表示所修辞的名词的动作，逻辑上是主谓关系；动名词表示被修辞的名词的作用，目的和用途等，无主谓关系。‎ A sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping.‎ 作主语：动名词可做主语，现在分词不可。‎ ‎3.作宾语 ‎（1）vt+doing sth ‎【巧学妙记】巧记跟动名词的动词：‎ 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想；‎ 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；‎ 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,‎ admit, delay/put off, fancy;‎ avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,‎ deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate;‎ forbid, imagine, risk,‎ can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape.‎ ‎☛Mary is considering changing her job. ‎ 玛丽正在考虑换工作。‎ ‎【注意】某些动词后接两种结构，意义不同。‎ remember/ forget/ regret/ try /mean /stop/go on/can’t help/ be afraid（of）/be sure （of）to do doingsth ‎☛I forgot to close the door before I left the room. ‎ 在我离开房间前，忘记关门。‎ ‎☛I forgot having closed the door. ‎ 我忘记关门。 ‎ ‎（2）s+v+it+n/adj+doing sth（it作形式宾语）‎ I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.‎ ‎（3）【insist on / object to / feel like /look forward to / devote to / get （be） used to … 】+doing sth ‎☛He insisted on seeing us home. ‎ 他坚持看我们的家。‎ ‎☛They all objected to putting the meeting off.‎ 所有的人对法对取消会议。‎ ‎（4）S+have+n（difficulty/trouble/problem/a good time/a hard time/fun）+（in）+doing sth/with sth ‎☛I have some difficulty (in) finishing my work in time. ‎ 在及时完成家庭作业方面我有困难。‎ ‎4. 作定语 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，无逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词的动作行为，有逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ singing competition 歌咏比赛 swimming pool 游泳池 ‎1.（2018·北京卷·单项填空） _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled ‎【参考答案】B ‎【答案解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。‎ ‎1.___________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ A. Ignore B. Ignoring ‎ C. Ignored D. Having ignored ‎【参考答案】B ‎5. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.‎ A. reducing B. reduced ‎ C. being reduced D. having reduced ‎【参考答案】C　‎ ‎【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应与前面的suffering并列，作介词after的宾语，同时动词reduce与逻辑主语the city之间构成动宾关系，所以用动名词的被动形式，故选C项。‎ 题组一 基础过关 I.用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1.A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain _________(drink)water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.‎ ‎2.We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on ______(dig) into the characters we were going to play.‎ ‎3. ________ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.‎ ‎4. The park was full of people，________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.‎ ‎5. In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without ________(use)electric equipment.‎ ‎6.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________ (perform) live is quite another.‎ ‎7.Keep ________ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.‎ ‎8.I got to the office earlier that day，________ (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.‎ II.单项填空 ‎1.After a long absence, I went back to college, _______ to pick up where I’d left off.‎ A. hoping B. hope C.to hope D. hoped ‎2. _______of their bad habits, the boys switched from being dependent on their parents to _______ for others.‎ A. Having rid; sacrificing B. To rid; sacrifice C. Rid; sacrificing D. Having been rid; sacrifice ‎3. _______with the passengers on the missing plane, their families were sitting in front of the television all day and all night, ____________anxiously for the latest news.‎ A. Concerned; waiting B. Concerning; waiting C. Concerned; waited D. Concerning; waited ‎4._____ at the clock on the wall, Alice found that she was late.‎ A. To glance B. Glancing ‎ C. Glance D. Glanced ‎5. _______ the right decision _______ the future is probably an important thing we will ever do in our lives.‎ A. Making; concerned B. Make; concerning C. To make；concerned D. Making; concerning ‎6. _______children to stay in touch with the nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run.‎ A. Encouraged B. Encourage C. Encouraging D. To have encouraged ‎7.It is no good completely _______students from surfing the Internet.‎ A. banned B. banning ‎ C.to ban D. having banned ‎8.The recent survey shows that lack of parents’ love is the leading factor (因素)that results in a teenager_______ in computer games.‎ A. losing B. lost ‎ C. being lost D.to be lost ‎9.When Mr. Liu returned from a long vacation, there was a pile of documents_______ for him in his office.‎ A. waited B.to wait ‎ C. waiting D. being waited ‎10.The worse working conditions we are looking forward to________ must have attracted the local government’s attention.‎ A. see improved B. seeing to improve C. see improving D. seeing improved 题组二 能力提升 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ “The only female giant panda in Britain 　1　(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo said, “Tian Tian is being 　2　(close) monitored, but it’s unclear 　3　she will give birth. It’s hard to predict exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last ‎ until late September.”‎ Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14, 　4　(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from China in 2011 and are 　5　only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several 　6　(time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth.‎ Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult 　7　(follow). The animals also experience “pseudo-pregnancies (伪怀孕)”, during 　8　their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant even when they are not.‎ The zoo’s statement came after the Edinburgh Evening Nevus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain communication between the zoo and Scottish government 　9　(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda 　10　(direct) at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, said he thought Tian Tian was about 30 days away from giving birth.‎ 题组三 体验真题 ‎1. (2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.‎ A. being allowed B. allowing ‎ C. having allowed D. allowed ‎2.（2016·北京卷）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎3.（2016·天津卷）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎ A. making B. to make ‎ C. made D. being made ‎4.（2014·湖南卷）____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood ‎5.（2013·福建卷）________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.‎ A. Known B. Having known ‎ C. Knowing D. Being known ‎6.(2013·浙江卷)_________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.‎ A. Hearing B. Hear ‎ C. Having heard D. To be hearing 题组一 基础过关 I.用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1. drinking 2. digging 3.Having worked 4.enjoying ‎5.using 6.being performed 7.holding　 8.having caught II.单项填空 ‎1.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语。根据句子结构可知，句子缺少状语。句子的主语I与hope之间是主动关系；此处用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：一长段缺席之后，我回到了大学，希望从我离开的地方学起。故选A。‎ ‎2.A ‎ ‎3.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语。concerned是形容词，意思是“关切的；忧虑的，担心的”，在此用形容词作状语，指“家属们对于失联飞机上的乘客都很担心”；主语their families与wait之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，指“等待着最新消息”。故选A。‎ ‎4.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：瞥了一眼墙上的表，爱丽丝发现她迟到了。glance与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系，且在意思上表示主动意义，应用现在分词的主动形式，故选B。‎ ‎5.D ‎ ‎ 【解析】考查非谓语动词。由句子结构可知，make the right decision是该句的主语，应用其-ing形式；concerning是介词，表示 “关于……”，故选D项。 ‎ ‎6.C ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，I think是插入语，前面为主语，此处泛指“鼓励孩子们与自然保持联系”这一行为，应使用ing分词。故选C。‎ ‎7.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：完全禁止是没有好处的。该句属于"It+is+名词/形容词(no good/no use/useless)+doing..."句型，It为形式主语,故选B项。‎ ‎8.C ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语。句意：最近的调查显示，缺少父母的爱是导致青少年在电脑游戏中迷失的主要因素。A teenager is lost in computer games.指“青少年迷失在电脑游戏中”，其放在短语result in后面用动名词形式作宾语。故选C。‎ ‎9.C ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当刘先生渡完长假回来，办公室里有一大堆文件在等着他处理。在there be句型中，名词documents和wait是主动关系，所以用现在分词做定语，表示正存在的状态。故选C。‎ ‎10.D ‎ 题组二 能力提升 ‎【文章大意】来自英国爱丁堡动物园的消息，英国唯一的雌性大熊猫被怀孕了，在不久的未来就要生小宝宝了。‎ ‎1.is believed ‎【解析】考查时态和语态、主谓一致。句子最后一句那个主语是The only female giant panda，是单数；与believe之间是被动关系；根据后面的内容可知，此处用一般现在时态。故填is believed。‎ ‎2.closely ‎【解析】考查副词。此处指“被密切监视”，用副词修饰谓语动词。故填closely。‎ ‎3.when ‎【解析】考查连词。句意：还不确定她什么时候生小宝宝。此处it是形式主语，when引起真正的主语从句。故填when。‎ ‎4.arrived ‎【解析】考查时态。根据后面的时间状语“in 2011”可知，句子用一般过去时态。故填arrived。‎ ‎5.the ‎【解析】考查冠词。“the only…”指“唯一的人或者物”，是固定搭配。故填the。‎ ‎6.times ‎【解析】考查名词。此处time是“次数”的意思，several修饰可数名词的复数形式。故填times。‎ ‎7.to follow ‎【解析】考查非谓语。此处运用了“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式。故填to follow。‎ ‎8.which ‎【解析】考查连词。此处指非限制性定语从句，先行词是“pseudo-pregnancies”，引导词which指代先行词，作介词during的宾语。故填which。‎ ‎9.showing ‎【解析】考查非谓语。句子中有谓语came，此处是非谓语在句中作状语。故填showing。‎ ‎10.director ‎【解析】考查名词。此处指在“the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland”负责管理熊猫的主任。故填director。‎ 题组二 体验真题 ‎1.B　‎ ‎2.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。‎ ‎3.A ‎ ‎【解析】句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。‎ ‎4.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象，属泛指，故用动名词较好。句意：理解你自身的需要及交际风格，同时会表达你的感情和情绪是一样重要。故A正确。‎ ‎5.C　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。动名词在本句中作主语，此处表示一般情况，用一般式；having known 是完成式，表示动作已经完成或先于谓语动词发生。句意： 懂得一些基本的急救技巧将有助于你对紧急情况作出快速应对。故选C。‎ ‎6.A ‎