专题30语法填空（二）-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员 6页

专题 30 语法填空（二）‎ 关键词：语法,词汇填空,句法,逻辑,语境 难度系数：✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳：‎ 探究二、填功能词 填功能词 ----在空白处填入适当的内容。空后无提示词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个适当的词，包括连词、代词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、副词等。‎ ‎2015·全国卷Ⅰ] ‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. ‎ ‎【解析】64．that/which　 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。‎ 基础必读：‎ ‎（2）句子层面 必读1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。]‎ ‎【例19】 He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher.]]‎ ‎【例20】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”‎ ‎【解析】nor 并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。‎ ‎【例21】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.‎ ‎【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。‎ 必读 ‎2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。学,科,网]‎ ‎【例22】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.‎ ‎【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。‎ ‎【例23】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.‎ ‎【解析】that　引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。‎ ‎【例24】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.]‎ ‎【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。]‎ 必读3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。‎ ‎【例25】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.‎ ‎【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。学,科,网]]‎ ‎【例26】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.]‎ ‎【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。‎ ‎【例27】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ ‎【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。]‎ 必读4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。‎ ‎【例28】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.]‎ ‎【例29】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.‎ ‎【解析】until/till 表示“一直到……”。‎ ‎【例30】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ ‎【解析】If 表条件。he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，没有连词。]‎ ‎【技能方法】‎ 解题建议：‎ 一、认真研读所给短文，掌握文章的大意。从整体把握文章的时态，从而应对动词的正确形式填空中的时态和语态。‎ 二、加强对词汇本身用法的复习，如主、被、动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。特别注意词的不同变形及词性。]‎ 三、熟练掌握句法知识，准确使用连接词。]‎ 四、注意文章上下文的逻辑关系，准确填出无提示词的空白。‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ ‎【安徽省马鞍山二中、安师大附中2017届高三12月阶段性测试】‎ ‎ Over the years, I have met some interesting people. Two of 1 most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice, 2 way of talking about people inspired me.‎ ‎ It was always a 3 (pleasant) to visit these two sisters. Just being greeted at the door was a joy. They couldn’t be 4 (happy) when seeing me. I always heard about the people who were there before me. Every person 5 (talk) about in a positive way. The conversation would go something like this, “Oh, Kay, so and so was here yesterday, she 6 (be) just the ‘salt of the earth’, isn't she?” The other sister would reply, “Oh yes! You just can't believe 7 wonderful she is.” I never heard they said a negative word about anyone. NEVER!‎ ‎ I understood why these two had so much company when other people complained that no one cared about 8 (they). It was their attitude 9 people. There was no doubt that when the next person came to visit, they were going to hear how I was the “salt of the earth”.]‎ ‎ What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be 10 (thank)that I had the opportunity to know them.‎ ‎【答案】 ]‎ ‎1.the2.whose3.pleasure4.happier5.was talked6.is7.how8.them9.towards 10.thankful ‎3.pleasure.考查名词。此处由a修饰，指一件令人高兴的事，故填名词pleasure.]‎ ‎4.happier.考查形容词比较级。此处是否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思，指见到我她们最高兴。故填happier.‎ ‎5.was talked.考查时态语态。此处指每个人都被用积极的方式交谈，two sisters和别人交谈。和本段时态一致用过去时的被动，故填was talked.]‎ ‎6.is.考查动词。此处是反意疑问句，与反问部分isn't she一致，用系动词is，故填is.]‎ ‎7.how.考查副词。此处修饰形容词wonderful，指多么精彩。故填how.‎ ‎8.them.考查代词。用于care about后面做宾语用宾格，指关心他们。故填them.]‎ ‎9.towards. 考查介词。表示“对…的态度”用attitude towards，故填towards.‎ ‎10.thankful.考查形容词。动词be后用形容词做表语，指我总是很感激的。故填thankful.]‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ My aunt Betty is a typist who has always wanted to go on a time travel holiday．Last year she 1 (decide)to design her own time tour．She wanted to take a space capsule to AD 3050．The representative from 2 time travel company gave her the impression that the space capsule was easy 3 (handle)．He told her about its efficiency and safety. This increased her 4 (motivate)to take the DIY(Do It Yourself)time tour．However，her trip was not the instant success she had expected．When she pressed the switch to begin the journey there was a flash 5 the capsule’s engine died．No matter how hard she tried，Aunt Betty was unable to restart the engine，which made her 6 (terrify)．It seemed that the capsule was far from being efficient and 7 (rely)．She wondered whether some parts of the capsule had been manufactured from second-hand materials． 8 (obvious)it was quite unsafe for her to travel in，so instead of 9 (visit)settlements far in the future，Aunt Betty had to go to Hainan 10 her holiday!]‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. decided 2. the 3. to handle4. motivation 5. and 6. terrified 7. reliable8. Obviously ‎ ‎9. visiting 10. for ‎4. motivation 考查名词。横线前面有定冠词the修饰，说明横线应该使用名词做动词increase的宾语。动词motivate的名词是motivation。‎ ‎5. and 考查连词。句意：当他按下按钮开始旅途的时候，有一道闪电并且航天舱坏掉了。上下文之间是并列关系，所以使用并列连词and连接前后文。]]‎ ‎6. terrified 考查形容词。形容词terrified感到害怕的，该词通常修饰人，本句中充当宾语补足语对动词made的宾语her的情况进行补充说明。‎ ‎7. reliable 考查形容词。本句中横线所填之词要与形容词efficient是并列关系，都应该使用形容词修饰。所以使用形容词“reliable值得信赖的”。 【终极闯关】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1    (be) late for school.‎ There were many people 2    were waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and   3   (disappoint) .when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next   4  the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike   5  (catch)my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he didn’t want   6    (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7    (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,   8   anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus ‎ shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 9    (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. 70Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers    10   (sudden) became friendly to one another.‎ ‎【答案】]‎ ‎1.being2.who/that3.disappointed4.to5.caught6.to stop 7.riding8.did9.me/mine ‎10.suddenly ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我坐公共汽车的所见所闻。]]‎ ‎1.being考查动名词。About是介词，其后的动词用动名词的形式，所以是being。句意：一天早上，我正在等公交车，担心上课迟到了。]‎ ‎2.who/that考查引导词。who/that引导的从句做people的定语从句，在从句中做主语。句意：在车站有很多人在等车。]‎ ‎3.disappointed考查形容词。disappoint是“失望”的意思。disappointed通常用来修饰人。句意：在车站有很多人在等车，有些人看起来很焦急并且很失望。‎ ‎4.to考查不定式。Next to是固定搭配，表示“紧挨着”的意思。句意：我找到一个挨着窗户的地方。‎ ‎5.caught考查动词。文中时态是过去时，所以动词要用其过去式。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩进入了我的视线。‎ ‎6.to stop 考查不定式。Want后接不定式作宾语，want to表示“想要”的意思，我听到有一位乘客冲着司机大喊，但是他直到下一站才停下来。]‎ ‎7.riding考查动名词。句意：小男孩一直在骑车，表示过去进行时。‎